Capillary electromigration techniques can be understood as the ones used to separate neutral compounds, solvated ions and ionized species, considering the differentiated migration among them when an electrical field is applied within a capillary column filled with a background electrolyte. Several existing capillary electrophoresis setups provide the possibility of developing reliable quantitative assays of inorganic ions, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, macromolecules, and more. Therefore, given the chemical complexity of bodily fluid matrices, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and its variations present themselves as an advantageous strategy for enhancing traditional clinical diagnostic methods and for the development of new ones. The recent advances in the study of the human metabolome associated with technological improvements towards medical applications make CE a very useful and versatile technique for clinical laboratory assays. Within this context, this review has the purpose of presenting some traditional methods used for exams of blood, urine, saliva, feces, and sweat, and how CE can be implemented as a real alternative to enable faster, automated, and cost-effective analysis with a comprehensive perspective that shall result in better diagnostic possibilities for patients, being a powerful tool for helping physicians on the precision medicine achievements. compounds species electrolyte acids carbohydrates proteins hormones vitamins macromolecules more Therefore matrices (CE context blood urine saliva feces sweat faster automated costeffective cost effective patients achievements

Abstract In Compost-Bedded Pack Barn (CBP) systems, air velocity is linked with the thermal comfort of housed dairy cattle and bedding quality and, therefore, assessing ventilation efficiency is essential. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize dependence and spatial distribution of air velocity at the 1.5 m height (vair,M) and at bedding level (vair,B) in an open CBP system with positive pressure ventilation. The study was conducted in 2021, in a facility located in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The facility area was divided into a mesh composed of 55 equidistant points, where vair,M and vair,B data were collected in the morning (09:00 a.m.) and afternoon (03:00 p.m.) periods, during three weeks in Brazilian winter. Geostatistics techniques were used to assess dependence and spatial distribution. In both periods evaluated, there were a strong occurrence of spatial dependence and non-uniform vair,M and vair,B distributions. The vair,M and vair,B values were lower than recommended (1.8 m∙s–1) in more than 65.0% of the area. Adequate ventilation levels were observed only in the first 20.0 m of the facility, from Southeast to Northwest, because of the fan lines present.

Abstract The iAtlantic Project has established an international collaborative strategy to improve mapping and characterization of deep and open ocean ecosystems in understudied regions of the Atlantic and evaluate their health. In December 2022, the first iAtlantic expedition in the South Atlantic set off to map and explore seafloor ecosystems in the Santos Basin slope (200-1,000 m depths) in collaboration with the Petrobras ‘Santos Basin - Regional Characterization Project.’ The 17-day ‘iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras’ cruise was conducted on board the research vessel NPqHOc Vital de Oliveira (Brazilian Navy) and performed (a) water column structure characterization, (b) seafloor morphology mapping, (c) description of benthic habitats and communities by seafloor imagery and biological/ geological sampling, and (d) ex-situ experiments to assess the functioning of sedimentary ecosystems and their responses to climate-related environmental changes. This study describes the rationale behind the iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras cruise science plan, reports its sampling strategy and methods, and summarizes its collected data and preliminary results.

RESUMO A cultura do feijão fava (Phaseolus lunatus) pode ser considerada uma alternativa de renda e fonte de alimento aos agricultores do Nordeste brasileiro, no entanto depara-se com graves problemas sanitários. Dentre as principais doenças encontradas em campos de produção, destaca-se a antracnose causada por Colletotrichum truncatum. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a resistência de acessos de feijão fava a isolados de C. truncatum. Foram utilizadas folhas destacadas pertencentes a dez acessos de feijão-fava originados de campos de produção no Estado da Paraíba, inoculadas artificialmente por dez isolados de C. truncatum. Os isolados foram cultivados em meio de cultura feijão, dextrose e ágar, sob temperatura de 27 ± 2 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas durante quatorze dias. As avaliações de resistência foram realizadas aos 5, 7, 9, 11 e 13 dias após a inoculação, adotando-se escala de notas e os resultados foram transformados em área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, arranjados em esquema fatorial 10x10 com 12 repetições. Os primeiros sintomas da antracnose surgiram a partir do terceiro dias após a inoculação. A maior agressividade entre os isolados de C. truncatum aos acessos de feijão fava foi observada para o isolado CT35. Os acessos foram agrupados de altamente a moderadamente resistente ou suscetível. A agressividade entre os isolados de C. truncatum foi alterada em função da variabilidade de resistência dos acessos de feijão-fava. Os acessos com grau de resistência à antracnose podem servir de fontes de resistência em cruzamentos futuros.

ABSTRACT Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) can be considered as an alternative income and food supply to farmers of the Brazilian Northeast. This crop has faced serious sanitary problems. Among the most important diseases that attack this crop, the anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum requires greater attention. This study aimed to determine the resistance of lima bean accessions to the isolates of C. truncatum. Detached leaves were used from ten lima bean accessions, originated from production fields in Paraíba State - Brazil. They were artificially inoculated with ten isolates of C. truncatum. The isolates were grown on bean-dextroseagar medium under temperature 27 ± 2 °C and a photoperiod of 12 hours, for fourteen days. The evaluations of the accessions’ resistance to the isolates were performed at 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 days after inoculation (DAI), adopting a scale of notes, and the results were transformed in the area under the disease progress curve. The research was carried out in completely randomized design, in a 10x10 factorial arrangement (accessions x isolates) with 12 replications. The first symptoms of anthracnose on the detached leaves appeared from the third day after inoculation. The accessions were grouped from highly to moderately resistant or susceptive. The aggressiveness among C. truncatum isolates varied depending on the genetic variability of the lima bean accessions used. Accessions with significant resistance levels to anthracnose can be used as resistance sources in future breeding programs.

RESUMO Objetivo: Desenvolver um ventilador mecânico invasivo simples, resistente, seguro e eficiente que possa ser utilizado em áreas remotas do mundo ou zonas de guerra, em que a utilidade prática de equipamentos mais sofisticados é limitada por questões de manutenção, disponibilidade de peças, transporte e/ou custo. Métodos: O dispositivo implementa o modo de ventilação mandatória contínua com pressão controlada, complementado por um simples modo assisto-controlado. Pode-se também utilizar a pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas. Ao se evitar o fluxo contínuo de oxigênio ou ar, minimiza-se o consumo de gases comprimidos. As taxas respiratórias e as relações de tempo de inspiração e expiração são determinadas eletronicamente. Além disso, conta com um alarme de apneia/falta de energia. Resultados: Os perfis de pressão foram medidos para uma série de condições, sendo considerados ajustáveis dentro de uma margem de erro de ± 2,5cmH2O, e foram considerados bem estáveis dentro dessa variação durante um período de 41 horas. Os parâmetros de tempo do ciclo respiratório foram precisos dentro de alguns pontos percentuais durante o mesmo período. O dispositivo foi testado quanto à durabilidade por um período equivalente a 4 meses. Os testes químicos e biológicos não conseguiram identificar qualquer contaminação do gás por compostos orgânicos voláteis ou micro-organismos. Em comparação com um ventilador bem estabelecido, o teste de ventilação em um animal de grande porte mostrou que este poderia ser ventilado adequadamente durante um período de 60 minutos, sem quaisquer efeitos negativos perceptíveis durante o período subsequente de 24 horas. Conclusão: Este projeto de ventilador pode ser viável após novos testes em animais e aprovação formal pelas autoridades competentes, para aplicação clínica nas circunstâncias atípicas anteriormente mencionadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a simple, robust, safe and efficient invasive mechanical ventilator that can be used in remote areas of the world or war zones where the practical utility of more sophisticated equipment is limited by considerations of maintainability, availability of parts, transportation and/or cost. Methods: The device implements the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode, complemented by a simple assist-control mode. Continuous positive airway pressure is also possible. The consumption of compressed gases is minimized by avoiding a continuous flow of oxygen or air. Respiratory rates and inspiration/expiration time ratios are electronically determined, and an apnea/power loss alarm is provided. Results: The pressure profiles were measured for a range of conditions and found to be adjustable within a ± 2.5cmH2O error margin and stable well within this range over a 41-hour period. Respiratory cycle timing parameters were precise within a few percentage points over the same period. The device was tested for durability for an equivalent period of four months. Chemical and biological tests failed to identify any contamination of the gas by volatile organic compounds or microorganisms. A ventilation test on a large animal, in comparison with a well established ventilator, showed that the animal could be adequately ventilated over a period of 60 minutes, without any noticeable negative aftereffects during the subsequent 24-hour period. Conclusion: This ventilator design may be viable, after further animal tests and formal approval by the competent authorities, for clinical application in the abovementioned atypical circumstances.

RESUMO: A intoxicação espontânea e experimental por Tephrosia cinerea no semiárido nordestino só foi descrita em ovinos. Patologicamente, tal intoxicação leva a ascite e fibrose hepática centrolobular. No entanto, esses efeitos requerem um estudo experimental em caprinos. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a suscetibilidade de caprinos à ingestão de T. cinerea e a dose tóxica mínima, descrevendo os principais achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos. A intoxicação foi reproduzida experimentalmente em um ovino que recebeu 10g/kg da planta moída e em dois caprinos, o primeiro recebendo a dose de 5g/kg e o segundo recebendo 10g/kg da planta moída. O ovino apresentou distensão abdominal 34 dias após o início da ingestão da planta, desenvolvendo decúbito esternal, dificuldade respiratória, opistótono, trismo mandibular, salivação, disfagia, vocalização e movimentos de pedalada no 50º dia do experimento. Foi observado acúmulo de líquido na cavidade abdominal e fígado via necropsia, com superfície capsular irregular e levemente esbranquiçada. Histologicamente, as principais lesões observadas no fígado foram fibrose moderada, distensão sinusoidal acentuada, acompanhada de hemorragia acentuada, por vezes formando pontes entre as regiões centrolobulares, associada à dissociação dos cordões de hepatócitos. Havia discretos astrócitos de Alzheimer tipo II na substância cinzenta na região do córtex occipital no sistema nervoso. A cabra 2 apresentou apatia, sonolência e perda de peso; no 62º dia, decúbito lateral evoluiu para decúbito esternal, com rotação do pescoço em direção ao flanco. Na necropsia, observou-se edema acentuado na face e barbela, e leve acúmulo de líquido; foi observado material levemente amarelado na cavidade abdominal. Havia áreas enegrecidas discretas na superfície capsular no fígado. Histologicamente, o fígado apresentava leve fibrose centrolobular associada à discreta dissociação dos cordões de hepatócitos e leve degeneração vacuolar do citoplasma dos hepatócitos. A cabra 1 não apresentou sinais clínicos; na necropsia, discretas áreas multifocais foram observadas no fígado na superfície capsular. Histologicamente, foi detectada degeneração vacuolar intracitoplasmática difusa dos hepatócitos. O quadro clínico e os achados anatomopatológicos diferem entre as espécies, comprovando a menor suscetibilidade dos caprinos à ingestão de Tephrosia cinerea (em relação aos ovinos), com diferenças na patogênese e aspectos epidemiológicos da intoxicação.

ABSTRACT: Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Tephrosia cinerea in the northeastern semiarid region of Brazil has only been described in sheep. Pathologically, such poisoning leads to ascites and centrilobular liver fibrosis. However, these effects require an experimental study in goats. This study aimed to determine the goats’ susceptibility to the ingestion of T. cinerea and the minimum toxic dose, describing the main clinical and anatomopathological findings. Poisoning was reproduced experimentally in one sheep that received 10g/kg of the ground plant and in two goats, the first receiving a dose of 5g/kg and the second receiving 10g/kg of the ground plant. The sheep presented abdominal distension 34 days after beginning the ingestion of the plant, developing sternal decubitus, breathing difficulty, opisthotonos, mandibular trismus, salivation, dysphagia, vocalization, and pedaling movements on the 50th day of the experiment. Fluid accumulation was observed in the abdominal cavity and liver via necropsy, with an irregular, slightly whitish capsular surface. Histologically, the main lesions observed in the liver were moderate fibrosis, marked sinusoidal distension, accompanied by marked hemorrhage, sometimes forming bridges between the centrilobular regions, associated with a dissociation of hepatocyte cords. There were discrete Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes in the gray matter in the region of the occipital cortex in the nervous system. Goat 2 showed apathy, drowsiness, and weight loss; on the 62th day, lateral decubitus evolved to sternal decubitus, with a rotation of the neck towards the flank. At necropsy, marked edema was observed on the face and dewlap, and a slight accumulation of liquid; slightly yellowish material was observed in the abdominal cavity. There were discrete blackened areas on the capsular surface in the liver. Histologically, the liver showed mild centrilobular fibrosis associated with mild dissociation of hepatocyte cords and mild vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Goat 1 showed no clinical signs; at necropsy, discrete multifocal areas were observed in the liver on the capsular surface. Histologically, diffuse intracytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes was detected. The clinical picture and anatomopathological findings differ between the species, proving the lower susceptibility of goats to Tephrosia cinerea ingestion (compared to sheep), with differences in the pathogenesis and epidemiological aspects of poisoning.

Metabolomics, together with analytical methods and chemometric tools, point to new paths for selecting species that are resistant to pests and diseases. In this work, the forage palm species' metabolomic profile was investigated, and the relation between the chemical composition and resistance to Dactylopius opuntiae (carmine cochineal). The study was performed in cladodes of different non-susceptible cultivars (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Opuntia stricta (Haw.), Nopalea cochenillifera and susceptible cultivar (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.)). Metabolic profile showed 28 metabolites detected in the four species. From these total, 18 metabolites were annotated using UPLC-QTOF-MSE (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode). By comparing the chemical profiles of non-susceptible and susceptible species through the application of chemometric tools, it was possible to obtain biomarkers (quercetin-3-O-2',6'-dirhamnosylglucoside, quercetin rhamnosyl dihexoside, and isorhamnetin-3-sophoroside-7-rhamnoside) that may be associated with resistance to carmine cochineal. Metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF-MSE and chemometric allowed to establish the biomarkers knowledge of the resistance present in forage palm species. These results contribute to developing the initial understanding of flavonoids' role in the defense mechanisms of cactaceans and can be useful for application in breeding programs; it can increase the chances of success in creating new varieties of plants not susceptible to carmine cochineal.

From a floristic study of the Family Characeae in the Metropolitan Region of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, we detected four species of Nitella, of which two are new additions for that state: N. axillaris, and N. praelonga, the latter being, of rare occurrence in Brazil, reported for the first time for the northeastern Brazil. The materials were analyzed using photonic and scanning electron microscopy. For all these species we provide descriptions, information on habitat, geographic distribution in Brazil and taxonomic notes.

A partir de um estudo florístico da Família Characeae na Região Metropolitana de Feira de Santana, Estado da Bahia, detectamos quatro espécies de Nitella, das quais duas são adições para o Estado: N. axillaris e N. praelonga, esta última, de ocorrência rara no Brasil, relatada pela primeira vez para o Nordeste brasileiro. Os materiais foram analisados através de microscopia fotônica e eletrônica de varredura. Para todas essas espécies fornecemos descrições, informações sobre hábitat, distribuição geográfica no Brasil e notas taxonômicas.

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the spatial distribution of bedding variables in a climate-controlled compost bedded pack barn (CBP) equipped with an evaporative cooling system associated with a tunnel ventilation mode. The study was conducted on a farm in the West Mesoregion of Minas, MG, Brazil. The interior of the animal facility was divided into a mesh of 120 equidistant points, where the bedding surface temperature (tb-sur), the bedding temperature at 0.20 m depth (tb-20) and the bedding penetration resistance (PRb) of layer 0 to 0.20 m depth were measured. Bedding samples were collected to obtain the moisture (Mb) and pH in the surface and at 0.20 m depth. Geostatistics technique was used to evaluate the dependence and spatial distribution. Through the bedding area, the tb-sur presented low variability, with 6 ºC of amplitude, and tb-20 presented highest values (up to 55 °C). The spatial distribution of Mb-20 was similar to that observed on the surface and its highest levels occurred in the region near the feed alley (> 40%). The distribution of pH was similar in both layers. The tendency of high PRb occurred in the layer between 0.15 and 0.20 m (0 and 1500 kPa).

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the essential oils of cinnamon, cardamom, clove, oregano, and thyme and their synergism on vegetative cells and endospores of Clostridium perfringens type A inoculated in meat sausage (mortadella), as well as the influence of blends on the color, and lipid oxidation through the determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS index). The anticlostridial action of the oil blends was established. The two added oil blends (Treat. 1: oregano, clove, and thyme; Treat. 2: oregano, clove, and cinnamon) in combination with reduced nitrite content (75 ppm) promoted a lower growth of C. perfringens in mortadella stored at 15 °C for 21 days in comparison to treatments containing only 75 ppm of nitrite. The essential oil blends showed antioxidant action and did not alter food color, thus possessing potential application as a preservative for the meat products industry.

Abstract Guarana, the fruit of Paullinia cupana, is known for its stimulating and medicinal properties by the Amazonian indigenous population and communities. However, it presents serious phytopathological problems, such as anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The objective of this study was to verify if C. siamense, a mycovirus-carrying endophytic fungus, could protect guarana seedlings, by reducing or by eliminating characteristic disease symptoms. Other physiological changes in the plant caused by the presence of this endophyte were also evaluated. The cuttings of the Cereçaporanga cultivar were dipped in a biological control suspension and planted in a specific substrate. After four months in the greenhouse, the seedlings were sprayed with a suspension of phytopathogen conidia, and a portion of these seedlings received the fungicide indicated for the crop to be compared with the control seedlings. After 28 days, the number of lesions, morphophysiological and macro characteristics, and leaf micronutrients were evaluated. The seedlings treated with C. siamense showed a lower percentage of lesions and an increased aerial part and root system compared to the other treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments regarding the percentage of macronutrients and micronutrients.

RESUMO (Notas taxonômicas sobre o gênero Nitella C. Agardh (Characeae) da Região Metropolitana de Feira de Santana, Estado da Bahia, Brasil). A partir de um estudo florístico da Família Characeae na Região Metropolitana de Feira de Santana, Estado da Bahia, detectamos quatro espécies de Nitella, das quais duas são adições para o Estado: N. axillaris e N. praelonga, esta última, de ocorrência rara no Brasil, relatada pela primeira vez para o Nordeste brasileiro. Os materiais foram analisados através de microscopia fotônica e eletrônica de varredura. Para todas essas espécies fornecemos descrições, informações sobre hábitat, distribuição geográfica no Brasil e notas taxonômicas

ABSTRACT From a floristic study of the Family Characeae in the Metropolitan Region of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, we detected four species of Nitella, of which two are new additions for that state: N. axillaris, and N. praelonga, the latter being, of rare occurrence in Brazil, reported for the first time for the northeastern Brazil. The materials were analyzed using photonic and scanning electron microscopy. For all these species we provide descriptions, information on habitat, geographic distribution in Brazil and taxonomic notes.