OBJECTIVES: In breast cancer (BC) patients, the frequency of germline BRCA mutations (gBRCA) may vary according to the ethnic background, age, and family history of cancer. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) is the second most common somatic mutated gene in BC; however, the association of mutations in both genes with cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, our aims were to investigate gBRCA mutation frequency in a cohort of postmenopausal Brazilian BC patients and the association of gBRCA1/BRCA2 and PIK3CA somatic mutations. METHODS: Forty-nine postmenopausal (>55 years) and forty-one young (≤35 years) BC patients were included in this study. The postmenopausal group included patients who reported a positive family history of cancer. For these patients, gBRCA1/BRCA2 were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) or Sanger sequencing. Data for gBRCA in young patients were already available from a previous study. DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors was obtained from 27 postmenopausal and 41 young patients for analyzing exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA. The association between gBRCA1/BRCA2 and somatic mutations in PIK3CA was investigated. RESULTS: The overall frequency of gBRCA1/BRCA2 among the 49 postmenopausal patients was 10.2%. The frequencies of somatic mutations in PIK3CA in the postmenopausal and young patients were 37% and 17%, respectively (ns). The most common PIK3CA mutation was found to be E454A. Nonsense and frameshift mutations, which may counteract the oncogenic potential of PIK3CA were also detected. Regardless of age, 25% of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers and non-carriers , each, had PIK3CA somatic mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained indicate that BRCA1/BRCA2 gene testing may be considered for postmenopausal patients with BC who have a family history of cancer. Although some of them are not considered pathogenic, somatic variants of PIK3CA are frequently observed in BC patients, especially in postmenopausal patients.

Evidence indicates the potential of virtual gaming assets to raise and / or maintain the level of motivation in the classroom and promote greater physiological intensity activities. The aim of the study was to compare the level of motivation and level of physical activity among school children of traditional physical education class (EDFT) and school children in physical education classes with the use of active virtual games (JVA). Participated 117 students divided into two distinct groups: EDFT and JVA. For 12 classes, variables motivation and level of physical activity were measured. To assess the level of motivation, it was used Martins motivation scale and Duarte (1997). The level of physical activity was measured by System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time. For analysis comparing the level of physical activity, it was used the U test of Mann Whitney. The motivation was analyzed by Repeated Measures Mixed test. For all analyzes, it was adopted as significance level p <0.05. Data were tabulated in SPSS_22.0 software. The results did not show significant differences in the level of physical activity and motivation between groups. It concludes that the JVA has the peculiarity to promote a practice environment that demands greater physiological intensity.

The early development of chronic non-communicable diseases has represented the greatest concern in the health prevention in all countries. The goal of this research was to investigate how a program to promote the health of school children through physical activity and healthy diet can be implemented aiming sustainability and continuity. The participants of this study were 1098 students, aged 6 to 10 years, of both sexes. The students belong to two schools: experimental school (ES-n=592)/control school (CS-n=506). The project was implemented in 2013 (pre-test) and was followed until 2015 (post-test), with an intervention in 2014. The following variables were evaluated: nutritional status, level of blood glucose, cardiorespiratory endurance, fondness for exercises and 4 categories of food. The statistical analysis used was the Wilcoxon test (paired) and the Wilcoxon test (U of Mann Whitney) (independent samples), assuming a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed differences between ES and CS groups in the years 2013 and 2015. The biggest differences occurred in ES 2015. It can be concluded that the intervention was effective and implemented with intersectoral articulations to ensure sustainability and continuity.

Este artigo problematiza a intersetorialidade e mostra a polissemia do tema. Indica que ainda há falta de teorias que o consagrem como categoria de pesquisa e avaliação. Sugere que cada uma destas possíveis direções de abordagem intersetorial estará respondendo a questões distintas favorecendo a criação de um "banco de perguntas" para a pesquisa apresentada neste artigo. O artigo contextualiza o debate intersetorial; faz aproximações ao tema; indica que aspectos ainda estão em aberto; e, inspirado pela pluralidade do vocábulo "intersetorialidadeS", aponta a necessidade de se construir uma agenda de pesquisa que favoreça aportes teóricos para que a ação intersetorial não seja um experimento na gestão pública e possa se constituir em uma práxis de governo. São sugeridas 23 questões que abrem a possibilidade de se delinear uma agenda de pesquisa sobre intersetorialidade e de se expandir a suas bases teórica e avaliativa ainda por desenvolver-se.

This article addresses the issue of intersectoriality and shows the polysemic nature of the topic. It reveals that there is still a lack of theories to confirm its status as a research and evaluation category. The suggestion is that each of the possible directions for an intersectorial approach will be answering different questions thereby fostering the creation of a "database of questions" for the research presented in this article. This article provides the context for intersectorial debate; it makes approximations of the theme; it indicates which aspects are still uncharted; and, inspired by the plurality of the word "intersectorialitieS", it highlights the need to build a research agenda that favors a theoretical framework for intersectorial action, not merely as an experiment in public management but as praxis for government action. Twenty-three research questions are presented that open up the possibility of outlining a research agenda on intersectoriality and expand the theoretical and evaluative framework yet to be developed.

Este artigo problematiza a intersetorialidade e mostra a polissemia do tema. Indica que ainda há falta de teorias que o consagrem como categoria de pesquisa e avaliação. Sugere que cada uma destas possíveis direções de abordagem intersetorial estará respondendo a questões distintas favorecendo a criação de um "banco de perguntas" para a pesquisa apresentada neste artigo. O artigo contextualiza o debate intersetorial; faz aproximações ao tema; indica que aspectos ainda estão em aberto; e, inspirado pela pluralidade do vocábulo "intersetorialidadeS", aponta a necessidade de se construir uma agenda de pesquisa que favoreça aportes teóricos para que a ação intersetorial não seja um experimento na gestão pública e possa se constituir em uma práxis de governo. São sugeridas 23 questões que abrem a possibilidade de se delinear uma agenda de pesquisa sobre intersetorialidade e de se expandir a suas bases teórica e avaliativa ainda por desenvolver-se.

This article addresses the issue of intersectoriality and shows the polysemic nature of the topic. It reveals that there is still a lack of theories to confirm its status as a research and evaluation category. The suggestion is that each of the possible directions for an intersectorial approach will be answering different questions thereby fostering the creation of a "database of questions" for the research presented in this article. This article provides the context for intersectorial debate; it makes approximations of the theme; it indicates which aspects are still uncharted; and, inspired by the plurality of the word "intersectorialitieS", it highlights the need to build a research agenda that favors a theoretical framework for intersectorial action, not merely as an experiment in public management but as praxis for government action. Twenty-three research questions are presented that open up the possibility of outlining a research agenda on intersectoriality and expand the theoretical and evaluative framework yet to be developed.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adequação dos níveis de fluoreto nas águas de abastecimento público em Curitiba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, de acordo com duas técnicas (SPADNS e eletrométrica). MÉTODOS: Foram levantados os dados do heterocontrole na Cidade de Curitiba de janeiro de 2000 a julho de 2008 no banco de dados da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde para cálculo das médias anuais. Na sequência, foram comparadas as concentrações de fluoreto fornecidas pela companhia de saneamento SANEPAR (técnica eletrométrica) com as concentrações obtidas pelo heterocontrole (SPADNS) em 1 470 amostras de água coletadas e analisadas entre 2006 e 2007. Foi calculada a proporção de amostras dentro do padrão ideal de fluoretação para a Cidade (0,8 ppmF), abaixo do ideal e acima do ideal para ambas as metodologias. Foram exploradas diferenças na fluoretação entre distritos sanitários, meses do período dezembro de 2007 a julho de 2008 e estações de tratamento de água (ETA). RESULTADOS: A média geral de flúor entre 2000 a 2008 foi de 0,7 ppmF conforme os dados do heterocontrole. A comparação das técnicas eletrométrica e SPADNS revelou que o valor médio de fluoreto na água é maior quando avaliado pela técnica eletrométrica (0,743 ppmF ± 0,133) quando comparado com a técnica SPADNS (0,637 ppmF ± 0,164). A proporção de amostras dentro do padrão ideal de fluoretação foi de 15,05% para SPADNS e 63,97% para eletrométrica; de 62,03 e 22,85% para amostras abaixo do ideal; e de 21,10 e 13,18% para amostras acima do ideal, respectivamente. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na fluoretação entre os distritos sanitários (P < 0,001) e os meses pesquisados. CONCLUSÕES: A escolha da técnica analítica interfere significativamente no processo do heterocontrole. O heterocontrole deve utilizar a mesma técnica de determinação de flúor utilizada pela empresa de tratamento de água. Novos estudos devem definir qual técnica é a mais adequada para medir o teor de flúor.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of fluoride levels in the public water system in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil, as determined by two techniques (colorimetric and electrometric). METHODS: Data from independent measurements of fluoride in the public water system in Curitiba routinely performed by the city government were obtained for the period between January 2000 and July 2008. Mean levels of fluoride concentration were calculated for each of these years. After that, fluoride concentrations measured in 1 470 samples by the state water utility (SANEPAR) using the electrometric technique in 2006 and 2007 were compared with the corresponding levels measured by the city using the colorimetric method. The rate of samples meeting the standard for the city (0.8 ppmF), and below and above the standard, was calculated for both methods. Fluoride levels were compared between sanitary districts, months for the period between December 2007 and July 2008, and water treatment facilities. RESULTS: The overall mean fluoride level between 2000 and 2008 was 0.7 ppmF based on the independent measurements. The comparison between techniques showed a higher mean fluoride level with the electrometric technique (0.743 ppmF ± 0.133) vs. the colorimetric technique (0.637 ppmF ± 0.164). The rate of samples meeting the ideal standard of 0.8 ppmF was 15.05% for the colorimetric and 63.97% for the electrometric technique; 62.03% and 22.85% of the samples were below that standard and 21.10% and 13.18% were above that standard, respectively. Fluoride levels were statistically significant (P < 0.001) for the comparison between sanitary districts and months. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of technique significantly influences the resulting levels of fluoride. Independent monitoring of fluoride levels should employ the same technique used by the water utility. Further studies should aim at defining which technique is the most adequate to determine fluoride concentration in public water systems.