Abstract The quality and physicochemical properties of dough and noodles made from blends of chayotextle flour and wheat semolina were investigated. The results showed that the inclusion of chayotextle flour increased both the hardness and adhesiveness of the dough, and there was a 10% increase in cohesiveness and elasticity when using this particular flour. Regarding dough extensibility, no significant differences were found (p < 0.05) in the control, while the proximal chemical analysis on dough showed that T1 (16.28%) had a higher protein content compared to the control. These results indicate that the optimum mixture for the preparation of dough was obtained by using 10% chayotextle flour. It is concluded that incorporating appropriate amounts of this flour into wheat semolina during the production of dough maintains technological quality as well as texture and sensory perceptions.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence at birth of Down syndrome in Argentina. The prevalence by jurisdiction and maternal age was calculated for the 2009-2015 period and the prevalence and proportion of prenatal diagnosis was compared according to sub-sector (public and private) and complexity level of the maternity wards. The association of Down syndrome with birth weight and gestational age was analyzed. The data source was the National Network of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina [Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas] (RENAC). The prevalence was 17.26 per 10,000 births; by jurisdictions it varied between 10.99 and 23.71; and by maternal age, between 10.32 in women <20 years of age and 158.06 in those ≥45 years of age. In hospitals of the private subsector there was a higher prevalence, attributable to differences in the structure of maternal age, and a greater proportion of prenatal diagnosis. There was a negative correlation between birth weight and Down syndrome ( ß=-294.7; p<0.001). No difference in the median gestational age at birth between Down syndrome newborns and newborns without major anomalies was found, but the distribution of gestational age differed. Knowledge of certain epidemiological characteristics of this health issue could contribute to the implementation of health policies.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la prevalencia al nacimiento del síndrome de Down en Argentina. Se calculó la prevalencia por jurisdicción y edad materna para el período 2009-2015 y se comparó la prevalencia y proporción del diagnóstico prenatal según subsector (público y privado) y nivel de complejidad de las maternidades. Se analizó la asociación con el peso y la edad gestacional al nacer. La fuente de datos fue la Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas (RENAC). La prevalencia fue de 17,26 por cada 10.000 nacimientos; por jurisdicciones varió entre 10,99 y 23,71, y por edad materna entre 10,32 en <20 años y 158,06 en ≥45 años. En hospitales del subsector privado hubo una mayor proporción de diagnóstico prenatal y una mayor prevalencia, esta última atribuible a diferencias en la estructura de edad materna. Se observó una correlación negativa entre el peso al nacer y este síndrome ( ß=-294,7; p<0,001). No se evidenció diferencia en la mediana de la edad gestacional al nacer entre recién nacidos con síndrome de Down y neonatos sin anomalías mayores, pero sí en la distribución de la edad gestacional. El conocimiento de ciertas características epidemiológicas podrá contribuir a la implementación de políticas de salud.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence at birth of Down syndrome in Argentina. The prevalence by jurisdiction and maternal age was calculated for the 2009-2015 period and the prevalence and proportion of prenatal diagnosis was compared according to sub-sector (public and private) and complexity level of the maternity wards. The association of Down syndrome with birth weight and gestational age was analyzed. The data source was the National Network of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina [Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas] (RENAC). The prevalence was 17.26 per 10,000 births; by jurisdictions it varied between 10.99 and 23.71; and by maternal age, between 10.32 in women <20 years of age and 158.06 in those ≥45 years of age. In hospitals of the private subsector there was a higher prevalence, attributable to differences in the structure of maternal age, and a greater proportion of prenatal diagnosis. There was a negative correlation between birth weight and Down syndrome (ß=-294.7; p<0.001). No difference in the median gestational age at birth between Down syndrome newborns and newborns without major anomalies was found, but the distribution of gestational age differed. Knowledge of certain epidemiological characteristics of this health issue could contribute to the implementation of health policies.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la prevalencia al nacimiento del síndrome de Down en Argentina. Se calculó la prevalencia por jurisdicción y edad materna para el período 2009-2015 y se comparó la prevalencia y proporción del diagnóstico prenatal según subsector (público y privado) y nivel de complejidad de las maternidades. Se analizó la asociación con el peso y la edad gestacional al nacer. La fuente de datos fue la Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas (RENAC). La prevalencia fue de 17,26 por cada 10.000 nacimientos; por jurisdicciones varió entre 10,99 y 23,71, y por edad materna entre 10,32 en <20 años y 158,06 en ≥45 años. En hospitales del subsector privado hubo una mayor proporción de diagnóstico prenatal y una mayor prevalencia, esta última atribuible a diferencias en la estructura de edad materna. Se observó una correlación negativa entre el peso al nacer y este síndrome (ß=-294,7; p<0,001). No se evidenció diferencia en la mediana de la edad gestacional al nacer entre recién nacidos con síndrome de Down y neonatos sin anomalías mayores, pero sí en la distribución de la edad gestacional. El conocimiento de ciertas características epidemiológicas podrá contribuir a la implementación de políticas de salud.

Abstract: Human stampedes occur frequently because of abnormal events (e.g., a fire or explosion) produced in collective events (e.g., religious pilgrimages, music concerts and sportive events). These events provoke panic and when people are agglomerated they try to escape pushing each other without realizing that others are being crushed. Since crowds can consist of individuals with diverse physical and social characteristics determined by cultural diversity, it is difficult to configure the space in advance and find solutions in real-time to save people and reduce catastrophe. This paper proposes an approach to explore the impact of anthropometry and cultural diversity in the behaviour of crowds in panic situations. Our approach includes techniques for reproducing and simulating the behaviour of the crowd to generate models that can help decision making to control such situations. The main contribution of our work is to use computational science, data processing and visualization techniques to perform our simulation and study, for eventually supporting critical decision making.

Abstract: Large scale crowd simulation and visualization combine computer graphics, artificial intelligence and high performance computing among other areas. Crowd sourced location data is used to compute spatio-temporal people and vehicle flows, while map and geometric data describe specific real places. With all this data, we can visualize both real trajectories and data driven on-line crowd simulation. We have some initial results using vehicle trajectory data.

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um motor ciclo Diesel, alterando a configuração do sistema de alimentação de ar e de combustível. As variáveis analisadas foram torque, potência, consumo específico de combustível e eficiência térmica em quatro diferentes configurações do motor (aspirado, aspirado + serviço, turboalimentado + serviço e turboalimentado). Para isso, foram realizados experimentos dinamométricos por meio da tomada de potência de um trator agrícola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em desenho bifatorial com três repetições. Os resultados indicam que, a sobrealimentação do motor, em relação à configuração original, proporciona aumento significativo do torque e potência. Somente a adição de turbo não causa efeito significativo no desempenho do motor. A aplicação do turbocompressor proporciona melhoria na queima da mistura ar/combustível, o que favorece o aumento da potência do motor e, consequentemente, reduz o consumo específico de combustível.

ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to evaluate the performance of a Diesel cycle engine, changing the configurations for the air and fuel supply system. Variables analyzed were torque, power, specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency in four different engine configurations (aspirated, aspirated + service, turbocharged + service and turbocharged). For that, there were dynamometer experiments by power take-off of an agricultural tractor. The experimental outline used was entirely randomized, in a bifatorial design with three repetitions. Results indicated that the engine supercharge, compared to its original configuration, provided a significant increase of torque and power. Only the addition of turbo does not caused a significant effect in the engine performance. Application of turbocharger provides an improvement in the burning of the air/fuel mixture, which favors the increase of engine power and; consequently, reduced the specific fuel consumption.

RESUMO: Atualmente, os fabricantes de tratores agrícolas disponibilizam aos agricultores uma diversidade de marcas, modelos e configurações para as mais diversas operações agrícolas. Nesse sentido, a relação massa/potência do trator influencia de forma direta no desempenho dessas operações. Objetivou-se estudar os tratores agrícolas de rodas comercializados no mercado brasileiro, no que se refere a sua massa, visando obter dados atuais que auxiliem sua seleção e uso adequado. A pesquisa envolveu 145 modelos de tratores agrícolas de oito marcas diferentes, contemplando as versões 4x2, TDA e 4x4. Foram analisadas separadamente as variáveis massa sem lastro e relação massa/potência para as diferentes marcas, tipo de tração e potência do trator, sendo esta última classificada em: Classe I (menores que 50kW), Classe II (entre 50 e 150kW) e Classe III (maiores que 150kW), de acordo com a potência nominal do motor, declarada pelo fabricante. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio dos testes t de Student e Tukey. O maior número de tratores pertence à Classe II, sendo considerados versáteis, devido à sua relação massa/potência, podendo ser usados nas mais diversas operações agrícolas. Há uma tendência de os tratores agrícolas comercializados no mercado brasileiro diminuírem sua relação massa/potência, conforme aumenta a potência nominal do motor.

ABSTRACT: Currently, manufacturers of agricultural tractors offer to farmers a diversity of brands, models, and settings for the most diverse agricultural operations. In this sense, the relation mass/power of tractor influences directly in the performance of these operations. The objective of this research was to study the agricultural wheel tractors marketed in Brazil in relation to their mass, in order to obtain current data to help their selection and proper use. The research involved 145 agricultural tractors models of eight different brands, including 2WD, MFWD and 4WD versions. The variables mass without ballast, relation mass/power for the different brands, type of traction and tractor power were analyzed separately. Tractor power was classified in: Class I (<50kW), Class II (50 to 150kW) and Class III (>150kW), according to the rated engine power declared by the manufacturer. Statistical analyses used were the t-Student and Tukey tests. The most number of tractors belongs to Class II and are considered versatile due to their mass/power relation, and can be used in the most diverse agricultural operations. From these analyses it was detected the mass/power relation decreases when the rated engine power increases.

RESUMO: Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o desempenho de um motor ciclo Diesel de um trator agrícola, utilizando óleo Diesel S500 (B5) e sua mistura com 3% (ED3), 6% (ED6), 9% (ED9), 12% (ED12) e 15% (ED15) de etanol hidratado. As variáveis estudadas foram: potência, torque, consumo específico de combustível, reserva de torque, reserva de rotação e índice de elasticidade do motor. Os resultados indicam que, utilizando B5 e ED3, os valores de torque e potência do motor não diferiram, além disso, com o ED3, o consumo de combustível foi 5,92% menor. Utilizando ED12, a potência, em relação ao B5, teve uma redução de 2,97%, sem diferença para o consumo de combustível. Já com o ED15, a potência diminuiu 6,30% e o consumo aumentou 3,77%, em comparação com o B5. Os valores de reserva de torque foram incrementados conforme aumentou o conteúdo de etanol, reduzindo a reserva de rotação e o índice de elasticidade do motor. A mistura de etanol no óleo Diesel B5 pode ser utilizada como combustível alternativo em motores agrícolas, sem apresentar alterações significativas no seu desempenho, desde que seja utilizado até 12% de etanol.

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the performance of a diesel engine in an agricultural tractor, using Diesel S500 (B5) and mixture with 3% (ED3), 6% (ED6), 9% (ED9), 12% (ED12) and 15% (ED15) of hydrous ethanol. Variables evaluated were the power, torque, specific fuel consumption, torque reserve, speed reserve and elasticity index of engine. Results indicated that using B5 and ED3 the values of torque and engine power not differ, in addition, with the ED3 the fuel consumption was lower than 5.92%. Using ED12, power has reduced in 2.97%, compared with B5, while their fuel consumption had no difference. With ED15, the power was lower 6.30% and the fuel consumption increase 3.77%, both compared with B5. Torque reserve value was increased with increasing the ethanol content in B5, reducing the speed reserve and elasticity index of engine. Ethanol in Diesel S500 (B5) can be used as an alternative fuel in agricultural tractor engines without presenting high changes in the performance, since the ethanol content is at low percentages, up to 12%.

Nos últimos anos, a oferta de pulverizadores autopropelidos no mercado brasileiro aumentou, principalmente para suprir a demanda de agricultores que possuem grandes extensões de áreas, nas quais se requer um alto ritmo operacional. Neste trabalho, foram avaliados, em função da potência nominal do motor, os diferentes tipos de transmissões, a capacidade do reservatório de calda, tamanho das barras e vão livre, considerados critérios técnicos importantes para a seleção dessas máquinas. Para tanto, utilizaram-se informações técnicas de 41 modelos de pulverizadores autopropelidos comercializados no mercado brasileiro. Como resultado, classificaram-se os pulverizadores em cinco classes, segundo a potência do motor. Verificou-se que, com o aumento da potência, os pulverizadores são equipados com transmissão hidrostática e a capacidade dos reservatórios de calda são maiores.

In recent years the offer of self-propelled sprayers in the Brazilian market increased mainly to supply the demand of farmers who own large areas where there are a high operational pace requirement. In this research the different kinds of transmissions, tank capacity of spray mix, width of bars and clearance, which are considered important technical criteria, were evaluated according to nominal engine power. Technical information of 41 self-propelled sprayer models commercialized in Brazilian market were used. As result, sprayers were classified in five classes, according to the engine power. It was verified that, with the increase of power, the sprayers are equipped with hydrostatic transmission and the tank capacity of spray mix are higher.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as perspectivas e significados da participação social para os príncipais atores envolvidos em um programa de saúde. Realizou-se uma avaliação qualitativa do Programa Andaluz frente ao HIV/aids e outras infecções de trasmissão sexual. Mediante amostra teórica foram selecionados os participantes: 20 portadores de HIV, 19 representantes e voluntários de associações anti HIV/aids e seis representantes da administração. A informação foi obtida mediante entrevistas semi-estruturadas e grupos triangulares; utilizou-se análise de conteúdo. A participação tem significados diferentes para os grupos participantes. Os portadores de HIV consideram que se deve concretizar os mecanismos de comunicação, ajuda e prevenção; os integrantes de associações entendem a participação como um direito e uma ferramenta para mudar as políticas sanitárias, enquanto que nos representantes da administração coexistem as duas concepções. Se propõe impulsionar os desenhos participativos que respeitem a diversidade teórica e favoreçam a interação desde distintas posturas.

This paper aims to analyze the perspectives and meanings of social participation for the participants in a health program. A qualitative evaluation was conducted on the Andalusian Program against HIV/Aids and other sexually transmitted infections. The participants were selected through a theoretic sample: 20 HIV carriers, 19 representatives and volunteers from anti HIV associations and six administrative representatives. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews and triangle groups; content analysis was performed. Participation has different meanings to the participant groups. HIV carriers consider it should be accomplished by communication mechanisms, support and prevention; association members consider it a right and a tool to change health policies, while two conceptions coexist among administrative representatives. The encouragement of participatory designs is proposed that respect the theoretical diversity and favor interaction based on distinct attitudes.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las perspectivas y significados que tienen de la participación social los principales actores involucrados en un programa de salud. Se realizó una evaluación cualitativa del Programa Andaluz frente al VIH/Sida y otras infecciones de trasmisión sexual. Mediante muestreo teórico se seleccionaron los participantes: 20 portadores de VIH, 19 representantes y voluntarios de asociaciones antisida y seis representantes de la administración. La información se obtuvo mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos triangulares; haciéndose análisis de contenido. La participación tiene significados diferentes para los grupos participantes. Los portadores de VIH consideran que debe concretarse en mecanismos de comunicación, ayuda y prevención; los integrantes de asociaciones la entienden como un derecho y una herramienta para cambiar las políticas sanitarias, mientras que en los representantes de la administración coexisten dos concepciones. Se propone impulsar diseños participativos que respeten la diversidad teórica y favorezcan la interacción desde distintas posturas.

This paper aims to analyze the perspectives and meanings of social participation for the participants in a health program. A qualitative evaluation was conducted on the Andalusian Program against HIV/Aids and other sexually transmitted infections. The participants were selected through a theoretic sample: 20 HIV carriers, 19 representatives and volunteers from anti HIV associations and six administrative representatives. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews and triangle groups; content analysis was performed. Participation has different meanings to the participant groups. HIV carriers consider it should be accomplished by communication mechanisms, support and prevention; association members consider it a right and a tool to change health policies, while two conceptions coexist among administrative representatives. The encouragement of participatory designs is proposed that respect the theoretical diversity and favor interaction based on distinct attitudes.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las perspectivas y significados que tienen de la participación social los principales actores involucrados en un programa de salud. Se realizó una evaluación cualitativa del Programa Andaluz frente al VIH/Sida y otras infecciones de trasmisión sexual. Mediante muestreo teórico se seleccionaron los participantes: 20 portadores de VIH, 19 representantes y voluntarios de asociaciones antisida y seis representantes de la administración. La información se obtuvo mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos triangulares; haciéndose análisis de contenido. La participación tiene significados diferentes para los grupos participantes. Los portadores de VIH consideran que debe concretarse en mecanismos de comunicación, ayuda y prevención; los integrantes de asociaciones la entienden como un derecho y una herramienta para cambiar las políticas sanitarias, mientras que en los representantes de la administración coexisten dos concepciones. Se propone impulsar diseños participativos que respeten la diversidad teórica y favorezcan la interacción desde distintas posturas.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as perspectivas e significados da participação social para os príncipais atores envolvidos em um programa de saúde. Realizou-se uma avaliação qualitativa do Programa Andaluz frente ao HIV/aids e outras infecções de trasmissão sexual. Mediante amostra teórica foram selecionados os participantes: 20 portadores de HIV, 19 representantes e voluntários de associações anti HIV/aids e seis representantes da administração. A informação foi obtida mediante entrevistas semi-estruturadas e grupos triangulares; utilizou-se análise de conteúdo. A participação tem significados diferentes para os grupos participantes. Os portadores de HIV consideram que se deve concretizar os mecanismos de comunicação, ajuda e prevenção; os integrantes de associações entendem a participação como um direito e uma ferramenta para mudar as políticas sanitárias, enquanto que nos representantes da administração coexistem as duas concepções. Se propõe impulsionar os desenhos participativos que respeitem a diversidade teórica e favoreçam a interação desde distintas posturas.

This paper presents an approach for modeling and associating Policies to services' based applications. It proposes to extend the SOD-M model driven method with (i) the n-SCM, a Policy services' composition meta-model for representing non-functional constraints associated to services' based applications; (ii) the n-PEWS meta-model providing guidelines for expressing the composition and the policies; and, (iii) model to model and model to text transformation rules for semi-automatizing the implementation of reliable services' compositions. As will be shown within our environment implementing these meta models and rules, one may represent both systems' cross-cutting aspects (e.g., exception handling for describing what to do when a service is not available, recovery, persistence aspects) and constraints associated to services, that must be respected for using them (e.g., the fact that a service requires an authentication protocol for executing a method).