Resumo: O Ensino Superior em todo o mundo durante a pandemia da COVID-19 foi obrigado a repensar, atendendo à diretriz estabelecida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para mitigar o impacto na população. A Costa Rica não foi exceção relativamente à situação que se vivia e especificamente na Universidade de Ciências Médicas (UCIMED), que na ausência de um plano de contingência, viveu uma transição do ensino presencial para o virtual. A presente investigação se focou nos desafios vivenciados pelos docentes dos cursos de Fisioterapia e Nutrição, no período de março a junho de 2020, com a virtualização emergencial. As informações foram coletadas pelo meio de pesquisa desenvolvida no Google Forms®. Uma vez tabulado, foi analisado, interpretado e comparado entre carreiras, aplicando estatística descritiva e revisão bibliográfica para compreender a situação mundial. O estudo determinou que a didática do curso representava um grande desafio para o corpo docente; principalmente a avaliação da aprendizagem, a participação dos estudantes, o uso de ferramentas virtuais e problemas de conectividade. Ao comparar as carreiras, identificou-se que pouca formação, menos anos de experiência docente e baixa interação com plataformas virtuais foram fatores que aumentaram a percepção dos desafios. Ao enfrentá-los, enriqueceu-se a experiência docente na gestão das TIC e com ela a transformação do Ensino Superior.

Resumen: La educación superior a nivel mundial durante la pandemia COVID-19 se vio obligada a replantearse, dada la directriz establecida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para mitigar el impacto en la población. Costa Rica no fue la excepción respecto a la circunstancia que se vivía y, específicamente, la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), ante la ausencia de un plan de contingencia, experimentó una transición de la enseñanza presencial a virtual. Debido a ello, la presente investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo y exploró los desafíos que experimentó el personal docente de las carreras de Fisioterapia y Nutrición, durante el periodo de marzo a junio del 2020, con la virtualización de emergencia. La información se recopiló a través de un cuestionario elaborado en Google Forms®; una vez tabulada, se analizó, interpretó y comparó entre carreras, apli- cando estadística descriptiva y una revisión bibliográfica para comprender la situación a nivel mundial. El estudio determinó que la didáctica del curso representó un alto desafío para el cuerpo docente; principalmente, la evaluación del aprendizaje, la participación del estudiantado, el uso de las herramientas virtuales y los problemas de conectividad. Al comparar las carreras, se identificó que la poca capacitación, la menor cantidad de años de experiencia docente y la baja interacción con plataformas virtuales, fueron factores que aumentaron la percepción de los desafíos. A partir de la confrontación de los desafíos, se enriqueció la experiencia docente en el manejo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) y con ello la transformación de la educación superior.

Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education worldwide was forced to restructure itself according to guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the population. Costa Rica was no exception. In the absence of a contingency plan, the University of Medical Sciences (UCIMED) underwent a transition from face-to-face to virtual teaching. This study focused on the challenges experienced by physical therapy and nutrition faculty during the period from March to June 2020, due to the emergency virtualization. The information was collected through a Google Forms® survey; once tabulated, the data was analyzed, interpreted and compared between the professions, implementing descriptive statistics and a bibliographic review to better understand the situation at a global level. The study showed that the didactics of the course was a great challenge for the teachers, mainly in terms of learning assessment, student participation, use of virtual tools and connectivity problems. When comparing professions, it was found that limited training, fewer years of teaching experience, and less interaction with virtual platforms were factors that increased the perception of challenges. Confronting the challenges enriched the teaching experience in terms of ICT management and thus the transformation of higher education.

ABSTRACT We present the experience of the Polyclinic of the Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS) in Chincha, in the execution of medical educational missions in the Chincha region. The PAMS Polyclinic provides general and specialized medical care to the population of the area, six days a week. In addition, the Polyclinic receives medical missions generally coming from the EE.UU. Since 2011, we have received 43 medical missions. The composition and nature of the missions have changed over time. The first years attracted specialists with the emphasis on bringing equipment and supplies to improve the infrastructure of the Polyclinic. We are now limited by the reluctance of volunteers to come to Peru in part because the U.S. government considers travel to Peru to be high-risk. This limitation has given us the opportunity to do medical missions together with two excellent Peruvian universities. This experience has been positive.

RESUMEN Presentamos la experiencia del Policlínico de la Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS) en Chincha, en la ejecución de misiones médico-educativas en la región Chincha. El Policlínico PAMS presta atención médica general y especializada a la población de la zona, seis días a la semana. Además, recibe misiones médicas que vienen generalmente de los EE. UU. Desde 2011, se han recibido 43 misiones médicas. La composición y la naturaleza de las misiones han cambiado con el tiempo. Los primeros años se atraía a especialistas con el énfasis de traer equipos e insumos para mejorar la infraestructura del Policlínico. Ahora estamos limitados por la renuencia de voluntarios de venir al Perú en parte debido a que el gobierno americano considera que viajes al Perú son de alto riesgo. Esta limitación nos ha brindado la oportunidad de hacer misiones médicas juntamente con dos excelentes universidades peruanas. La experiencia ha sido positiva.

Resumen Introducción: Los estilos de vida se generan y consolidan en la adolescencia; cuando estos son poco saludables, se exponen a riesgos en su salud. Objetivo: Identificar los estilos de vida de adolescentes y su relación con la percepción de sus contextos de desarrollo. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, con análisis bivariado de comparación de medias y correlación, realizado a una muestra de 489 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años de establecimientos educacionales públicos del Biobío, Chile, se excluyeron adolescentes con déficit cognitivo y/o con alteraciones no corregidas de los órganos de los sentidos. Los aspectos éticos consideraron el consentimiento de los padres y asentimiento de cada adolescente. Se utilizó instrumento FANTÁSTICO versión chilena adaptada, que mide 8 dimensiones relacionadas con la salud, bienestar mental y percepción relaciones afectivas familiares y entorno escolar. Los análisis fueron descriptivos y correlacionales. Resultados: Casi la mitad de la muestra manifestaron estilos de vida que requiere modificaciones y/o intervenciones. Los más jóvenes presentaron estilos más saludables con diferencias por sexo. Los comportamientos saludables tuvieron relación estadísticamente positiva con bienestar mental y con la percepción de sus contextos de desarrollo como las relaciones afectivas familiares y el entorno escolar. Conclusiones: La evidencia sustenta el diseño de futuros estudios de intervención que consideren edades tempranas de la adolescencia, las diferencias por sexo, dirigidos especialmente a mejorar los contextos de desarrollo más próximos como la familia, los establecimientos educaciones y el barrio donde se desenvuelven.

Abstract Introduction: Although lifestyles are generated and consolidated in adolescence, when these lifestyles are unhealthy, adolescents expose themselves to health risks. Objective: Identify the lifestyles of adolescents and its relationship with the perception of their development contexts. Methodology: A descriptive study was used, with bivariate analysis of comparison of means and correlation, carried out on a sample of 489 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old from public schools of Biobío, Chile, excluding adolescents with cognitive deficits and/or sense organ disorders. Ethical aspects considered parental consent and the agreement from every adolescent. The "FANTÁSTICO" instrument, adapted Chilean version was used, which measures 8 dimensions related to health, mental wellbeing and perception, family affective relationships, and school environment. The analyses were descriptive and correlational. Results: Almost half of the sample reported lifestyles that require changes and/or interventions. The youngest ones showed healthier lifestyles with differences by sex. Healthy behaviors had a statistically positive relationship to mental well-being and to the perception of their developmental contexts such as family affective relationships and their school environment. Conclusions: The findings support the design of future intervention studies that consider early adolescent ages and differences by sex, especially aimed at improving the closest developmental contexts such as family, schools, and their neighborhoods.

Abstrato Introdução: Embora os estilos de vida sejam gerados e consolidados na adolescência, quando esses estilos de vida não são saudáveis, os adolescentes se expõem a riscos à saúde. Objetivo: Identificar os estilos de vida dos adolescentes e a sua relação com a percepção dos seus contextos de desenvolvimento. Metodologia: Foi utilizado um estudo descritivo, com análise bivariada de comparação de médias e correlação, realizado em uma amostra de 489 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos de escolas públicas de Biobío, Chile, excluindo adolescentes com déficits cognitivos e/ou distúrbios dos órgãos dos sentidos. Os aspectos éticos consideraram o consentimento dos pais e assentimento de cada adolescente. Foi utilizado o instrumento FANTÁSTICO, versão chilena adaptada, que mede 8 dimensões relacionadas à saúde, bem-estar mental e percepção das relações afetivas familiares e do ambiente escolar. As análises foram descritivas e correlacionais. Resultados: Quase metade da amostra estudada apresentou estilos de vida que requerem modificações e/ou intervenções. Os mais jovens apresentaram estilos mais saudáveis com diferenças por sexo. Os comportamentos saudáveis relacionaram-se positivamente com o bem-estar mental e com a percepção dos seus contextos de desenvolvimento, como as relações afetivas familiares e o ambiente escolar. Conclusões: As descobertas apóiam o desenho de futuros estudos de intervenção que considerem as idades iniciais da adolescência e as diferenças por sexo, especialmente destinadas a melhorar os contextos de desenvolvimento mais próximos, como família, escolas e seus bairros.

Abstract González, F.; L. Valenzuela & N. Pabón-Mora. 2023. Aristolochia brachylimba (Aristolochiaceae; Piperales), a new species from the Peruvian Amazonia with an unusually short perianth limb. Darwiniana, nueva serie 11(1): 347-356. Aristolochia brachylimba, a new species from Amazonian forests of Peru, is described, illustrated, and discussed with respect to its most similar species, A. stomachoidis Hoehne, from northern, central and eastern Brazil (Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará and Tocantins), and northeastern Argentina (Misiones). The new species differs from its relatives mainly by the size of the utricle, which is considerably larger than the short perianth limb, the conical shape of the tube (i.e. gradually narrowing down towards its distal end), and the winged, flattened seeds. So far, the new species has been found in Amazonian forests of two disjunct localities in Ataz (Oxapampa, Pasco) and the Cordillera Azul National Park (Ucayali, Loreto), at elevations between 340 and 479 m a.s.l.

Resumen González, F.; L. Valenzuela & N. Pabón-Mora. 2023. Aristolochia brachylimba (Aristolochiaceae; Piperales), una nueva especie de la Amazonia peruana con el limbo del perianto inusualmente corto. Darwiniana, nueva serie 11(1): 347-356. Aristolochia brachylimba, especie nueva de bosques amazónicos del Perú, es descrita e ilustrada, y son discutidas sus afinidades con respecto a su especie más similar, A. stomachoidis Hoehne, del norte, centro y este de Brasil (Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará y Tocantins) y el noreste de Argentina (Misiones). La nueva especie difiere principalmente por el tamaño del utrículo, que es considerablemente más grande que el limbo del perianto, la forma cónica del tubo (es decir, que se estrecha gradualmente hacia su extremo distal), y las semillas aladas y aplanadas. Hasta ahora, la nueva especie ha sido recolectada en bosques amazónicos de dos localidades disyuntas en Ataz (Oxapampa, Pasco) y el Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul (Ucayali, Loreto), entre 340 y 479 m de altura sobre el nivel del mar.

SUMMARY Forest Management with Integrated Livestock (MBGI, for its acronym in Spanish) is a technical proposal based on the management of forestry, livestock, forage and environmental components of a property articulated as a feasible farm plan. It requires a monitoring process of these different components within an adaptive management framework, and verification that planning meets the objectives of all dimensions of sustainability. It is necessary for the baseline characterization of the property, the determination of "Ecological Sites" (landscape units with similar types of soil, topography, hydrology, climate and vegetation, which are expected to respond in a similar way to disturbances and management) and their corresponding “Reference States” (condition of greater ecological integrity). The objective of this work is to generate a proposal for "expeditious sampling" of environmental/productive aspects of properties under MBGI. It aims at a holistic visualization of the key dynamics of Northern Patagonian forests and surrounding areas, allowing for their description, categorization and planning in less time compared to the currently available methodology.

RESUMEN El Manejo del Bosque con Ganadería Integrada (MBGI) es una propuesta técnica que se basa en el manejo de los componentes forestal, ganadero, forrajero y ambiental, articulada como un plan predial factible de implementar. Requiere un proceso de monitoreo de los distintos componentes en un marco de manejo adaptativo, verificando que la planificación cumpla con los objetivos en todas las dimensiones de la sustentabilidad. Es necesario para la caracterización de la línea de base del predio, la determinación de “Sitios Ecológicos” (unidades de paisaje con similares tipos de suelo, topografía, hidrología, clima y vegetación, que se espera que respondan de manera similar a disturbios y manejo) y sus correspondientes “Estados de Referencia” (condición de mayor integridad ecológica). El objetivo del presente trabajo es generar una propuesta de “muestreo expeditivo” de los aspectos ambientales/productivos para predios bajo MBGI. Apunta a una visualización holística de procesos clave de dinámicas de los bosques norpatagónicos y zonas aledañas, permitiendo en menor tiempo (en comparación con la metodología actualmente disponible) su descripción, categorización y planificación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adherence to treatment and level of knowledge in patients with arterial hypertension are key factors to control this condition and avoid complications. Objectives: To determine the degree of adherence to treatment, the level of knowledge and comorbidities in patients with arterial hypertension in an urban area of Asunción, Paraguay, in 2022. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design was applied. Men and women over 18 years of age, known carriers of arterial hypertension, residing in Sajonia neighborhood between May and October 2022, were included. The data were obtained through house-to-house interviews. Demographic variables, the level of adherence with the Morisky Green test and the level of knowledge about the disease with the Batalla test were measured. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Results: Four hundred twenty-five subjects participated in the study, predominantly female (61.1%). Diabetes mellitus was referred to by 28.9% of the interviewees. The Morisky Green test detected that 60% of the subjects forget to take their medication, 25% do not take it at the indicated time, 29% take it if they feel well, and 44% stop taking it if they feel undesirable effects. The Batalla test found that 7% believe that arterial hypertension is not for life, 9% believe that the condition is not controlled with diet and medication, and 5.8% could not refer to at least one target organ. Conclusion: Adherence to the treatment of arterial hypertension and the level of knowledge about this condition was not adequate.

RESUMEN Introducción: la adherencia al tratamiento y el nivel de conocimientos en pacientes con hipertensión arterial son factores claves para controlar esta afección y evitar complicaciones. Objetivos: determinar el grado de adherencia al tratamiento, el nivel de conocimientos y comorbilidades en pacientes con hipertensión arterial de un área urbana de Asunción, Paraguay, en 2022. Metodología: se aplicó un diseño observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron varones y mujeres mayores de 18 años, conocidos portadores de hipertensión arterial, que residen en el barrio Sajonia entre mayo y octubre del 2022. Los datos fueron obtenidos con entrevistas realizadas casa por casa. Se midieron variables demográficas, el nivel de adherencia con el cuestionario de Morisky Green y el de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad con el cuestionario de Batalla. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Resultados: participaron del estudio 425 sujetos, con predominio del sexo femenino (61,1%). La diabetes mellitus fue referida en 28,9% de los entrevistados. El cuestionario de Morisky Green detectó que 60% de los sujetos olvida de tomar su medicación, 25% no la toma en el horario indicado, 29% de la toma si se siente bien y 44% deja de tomarla si siente efectos indeseables. El cuestionario de Batalla halló 7% cree que la hipertensión arterial no es para toda la vida, 9% cree que la afección no se controla con dieta y medicación, y 5,8% no pudo referir al menos un órgano blanco. Conclusión: la adherencia al tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial y el nivel de conocimientos sobre esta afección no fue adecuada.

In this study, the preparation and adsorption properties of cobalt ferrite core-shell nanoparticles coated with silica and decorated with poly(4-vinylpyridine) (CoFe2O4@SiO2-P4VP) applied to bisphenol A (BPA) adsorption were described. The CoFe2O4-based core was coated by a nanometric layer of silica under Stöber conditions and followed by coating with poly(4-vinylpyridine) via surface polymerization in miniemulsion. The characterizations involved transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. The polymeric core-shell nanoparticle showed a spherical structure with a magnetic core of ca. 11 nm and a layer of silica of ca. 4 nm. The amount of poly(4 vinylpyridine) that decorated the nanoparticle surface was verified by thermogravimetric analysis. CoFe2O4@SiO2-P4VP exhibited the capacity to adsorb bisphenol A. The chemometric model indicated a significant effect between the ionic strength and pH of the solution in the adsorption of bisphenol A. CoFe2O4@SiO2-P4VP presented a superior adsorption capacity towards BPA (46.6 mg g-1) in optimized conditions. The adsorption kinetics of BPA by CoFe2O4@SiO2-P4VP involved a pseudo-second order process. Also, the adsorption isotherm indicated a multilayer process with data well-adjusted by Freundlich equation. The nanomaterial CoFe2O4@SiO2-P4VP can be reused in adsorption of BPA for up to eight cycles.

Abstract The oil from the fruit of peach palm or Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) is an example of a material with low-cost and good antioxidant capacity. However, Conventional methods for measuring oil content are time-consuming, labor-intensive and use toxic chemicals. In this sense, the aim of this study was evaluated fast and non-destructive spectroscopy methods, such as Near Infrared (NIR) and Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR) (CPMG and ROSE pulse sequences), to quantify the oil content in pupunha flours collected in the amazon forest. For this, 93 samples were used and the results showed three distinct levels of oil in the samples: high, medium and low oil content. Furthermore, the determination coefficient (R2) reached values of 0.92, 0.92 and 0.70 for NIR, TD-NMR (ROSE) and TD-NMR (CPMG), respectively. Therefore, the NIR and TD-NMR (ROSE) methods demonstrate a higher prediction efficiency, with the NIR achieving 100% classification of the samples.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the isotopic signature of P. brasiliana captured in three different points along the river flow toward the sea of the Prumirim River, northern coast of the state of São Paulo/Brazil in order to test the hypothesis of similarity between isotopic signature of individuals living in separated areas of the river. Methods We used stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) at three points of the river and ANOVA and Bayesian Ellipses analyses were performed. Results Our results showed that are a differential isotopic enrichment along the river course in 13C, providing important results on the environmental condition and anthropogenic impacts in the region. In addition, the food biology of P. brasiliana was characterized as a primary consumer corroborating with the detritivores feeding habit observed in previous studies of stomach content analysis. Conclusions Our research, limited to a single area along the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, uncovers intriguing findings that merit replication in other areas within the region. This is particularly crucial given the rising number of anthropogenic influences resulting from urban development, underscoring the need for improved monitoring of these areas.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a assinatura isotópica de P. brasiliana capturada em três diferentes pontos ao longo do fluxo fluvial em direção ao mar do rio Prumirim com a finalidade de testar a hipótese de similaridade entre a assinatura isotópica de indivíduos que vivem em areas diferentes do rio. Métodos Foram utilizadas análises de isótopos estáveis (δ13C e δ15N) em três pontos do rio e foram realizadas análises de Stable Isotope Mixing Models e Bayesian Ellipses. Resultados Nossos resultados mostraram que há um enriquecimento isotópico diferencial ao longo do curso do rio em 13C, fornecendo resultados importantes sobre as condições ambientais e os impactos antropogênicos na região. Além disso, a biologia alimentar de P. brasiliana foi caracterizada como um consumidor primário, corroborando com o hábito alimentar de detritívoros observado em estudos anteriores de análise de conteúdo estomacal. Conclusões Nossa pesquisa, limitada a uma única área ao longo da costa norte do estado de São Paulo, revela descobertas intrigantes que merecem ser replicadas em outras áreas dentro da região. Isso é especialmente crucial dada a crescente quantidade de influências antropogênicas resultantes do desenvolvimento urbano, ressaltando a necessidade de um monitoramento aprimorado dessas áreas.

Abstract SCSBRS126 Dueto is a late-maturing high yield performing cultivar released by Epagri/Embrapa/Udesc. It has high tillering capacity, but poor resistance to lodging, medium resistance to blast, with long, slender grains and good sensory/cooking traits, and it has lower sterility under cold stress at microsporogenesis/anthesis and under heat at anthesis. SCSBRS SCSBRS12 latematuring late maturing EpagriEmbrapaUdesc Epagri Embrapa Udesc Epagri/Embrapa/Udesc capacity lodging blast long sensorycooking sensory cooking traits microsporogenesisanthesis microsporogenesis anthesis SCSBRS1

Abstract Understand the origin, transport, and character of organic matter entering Antarctic fjords is essential as they are major components of the global carbon cycle and budget. Macromolecular pools of particulate organic matter, bulk organic geochemistry, major and trace elements in surface sediments from Collins Bay were analysed as source indicators. Oceanographic conditions, bathymetry (multibeam) and grain size were considered as environmental controlling factors. Sediment samples were taken with a van Veen grab, during the ANTAR XXV Peruvian expedition (February 2018), onboard the R/V “BAP Carrasco” from the Peruvian Navy. Biopolymeric composition revealed the predominance of fresh marine protein-rich organic matter in the seafloor of Collins Bay, denoting high quality food resource for marine benthic heterotrophs. Based on Igeo values (between 0 and 1) Collins Bay can be considered unpolluted with natural levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Distribution of most of these elements with a gradient of decrease from the shallow inner fjord towards the outer deepest fjord, suggest their association with the deposition of detrital material and lithogenic particles supplied by Collins Glacier frontal ablation and runoff. This first comprehensive baseline information would assist in interpreting downcore sedimentary reconstructions and future climate-induce changes.

RESUMEN Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) es un biondicador de la contaminación del suelo y susceptible a la acción de xenobióticos como la de los fitosanitarios. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto letal y subletal de tres cebos granulados en base a Metaldehído y/o Carbaryl sobre E. fetida. Se realizaron tres bioensayos bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado con 4 repeticiones y en condiciones controladas (20±2ºC y 14L:10O). La unidad experimental fue un recipiente de plástico de 11,5 cm de diámetro y 11 cm de altura, provisto de una tapa perforada, donde se colocaron 750 g de suelo mezclado con las dosis de cada cebo y 10 individuos adultos clitelados de 200 a 400 mg. Los tratamientos fueron: 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 y 200 g de Metaldehído ha-1 (4% de ingrediente activo (i.a.)); 0, 80, 160, 240, 320 y 400 g de Carbaryl ha-1 (8% de i.a.) y 0, 40+80, 80+160, 120+240, 160+320 y 200+400 g Metaldehído+ Carbaryl ha-1 (4%+8% de i.a.). En los tres bioensayos se obtuvo el 100% de sobrevivencia de los individuos. Con respecto a la biomasa de E. fetida no se detectaron cambios con la aplicación de los cebos a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días después de la aplicación (DDA) (p > 0,05). Por otro lado, no hubo diferencias en el número de cocones y de juveniles a los 56 DDA con todos los cebos (p> 0,05). Se concluye que los cebos en base a Metaldehído y/o Carbaryl no causaron efectos adversos sobre la sobrevivencia, la biomasa y los parámetros reproductivos de E. fetida.

ABSTRACT Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) is a biondicator of soil contamination and susceptible to the action of xenobiotics such as phytosanitary. The objective of this study was to determine the lethal and sublethal effect of three granulated baits based on Metaldehyde and / or Carbaryl on E. fetida. Three bioassays were carried out under a completely randomized design with 4 repetitions and under controlled conditions (20 ± 2ºC and 14L: 10O). The experimental unit was a plastic container 11.5 cm in diameter and 11 cm in height, provided with a perforated lid, where 750 g of soil mixed with the doses of each bait and 10 clitellated adult individuals from 200 to 400 mg were placed. The treatments were: 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 g of Metaldehyde ha-1 (4% active ingredient (a.i.)); 0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 g of Carbaryl ha-1 (8% of a.i.) and 0, 40 + 80, 80 + 160, 120 + 240, 160 + 320 and 200 + 400 g Metaldehyde + Carbaryl ha-1 (4% + 8% of a.i.). In the three bioassays, 100% survival of the individuals was obtained. Regarding the biomass of E. fetida, no changes were detected with the application of the baits at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA) (p> 0.05). On the other hand, there were no differences in the number of cocoons and juveniles at 56 DAA with all baits (p> 0.05). It is concluded that the baits based on Metaldehyde and / or Carbaryl did not cause adverse effects on survival, biomass and reproductive parameters of E. fetida.

Abstract Introduction: In cholelithiasis, lipid and histopathological alterations have been found and suggest the accumulation of lipids in the gallbladder tissue (cholesterolosis), due to the few existing reports a study was carried out to determine their association. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the lipid profile and gallbladder histopathology in patients with cholelithiasis undergoing cholecystectomy. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and prospective study was carried out in a group of patients from the Hospital General de México “Eduardo Liceaga” undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2015 to January 2020. With approval of the protocol by the ethics and research committee, the following variables were considered: age, sex, BMI, comorbidities (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cirrhosis), LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and histopathological findings (cholesterolosis, polyps, xanthogranulomatosis, acute cholecystitis, and cholecystitis chronicle). A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed with SPSS v.24. It was considered p < 0.05 as significant. Results: From a group of 302 patients, 133 cases (108 women and 25 men) were included in the study. They presented overweight (39%) and obesity (33%), the lipid profile with hypoalphalipoproteinemia (61%), hypertriglyceridemia (40%), hypercholesterolemia (17%), and elevated LDL-C (16%); and in histopathology chronic cholecystitis (70%), cholesterolosis (28%), and acute cholecystitis (7%). Discussion: Our sample is representative of the Mexican population (in physical characteristics and lipid profile). However, no significant association was found between dyslipidemia and histopathological findings.

RESUMEN Los adhesivos universales de octava generación pueden ser aplicados con diferentes estrategias de unión: grabado total, grabado selectivo o autoacondicionamiento. Además, imprimen sustratos no dentales. Objetivo: Determinar las caracteristicas de unión de adhesivos universales con diferentes estrategias en pared pulpar profunda mediante resistencia adhesiva al corte y microscopía laser. Materiales y Método: En 36 molares se tallaron cavidades de 4 mm de profundidad y ancho máximo. Se dividieron en 9 grupos según tratamientos y adhesivos. Grabado total: grupo 1-Monobond 7 self-etching, grupo 2-One coat 7 universal y grupo 3-Single bond universal; Grabado selectivo: grupo 4-Monobond 7 self-etching; grupo 5-One coat 7 universal y grupo 6-Single bond universal y Autoacondicionamiento: grupo 7-Monobond 7 self-etching; grupo 8-One coat 7 universal y grupo 9-Single bond universal. Las obturaciones se realizaron siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante. La resistencia adhesiva al corte se determinó utilizando una máquina de ensayo universal sobre 27 especímenes mientras que los restantes fueron empleados para evaluar los espesores de la capa generado sobre imágenes obtenidas con microscopía y con el software Olympus LEXT 3D. Se ultilizó análisis de varianza. Resultados: Resistencia adhesiva en megapascal (MPa) media (desviación estándar): grupo 1: 7,06±3,01; grupo 2: 10,74±4,36; grupo 3: 8,20±3,92; grupo 4: 7,41±2,23; grupo 5: 6,84±1,50; grupo 6: 5,86±2,10; grupo 7: 5,83±1,94; grupo 8: 7,14±2,37; grupo 9: 8,06±3,51. Grabado total (8,61±3,96) registró los valores mayores (p=0,049) en comparación a grabado selectivo (6,71±1,98) y autoacondicionamiento (6,91±2,68). Los adhesivos no tuvieron diferencias significativas (p=0,205). Capa adhesiva en μm: Grabado total (8,71±4,93); grabado selectivo (5,49±1,70) y autoacondicionamiento (6,27±3,01) sin diferencias significativas (p=0,073). Conclusiones: Las estrategias de unión mostraron diferencias significativas; los valores más altos se obtuvieron con grabado total y entre autoacondicionamiento y grabado selectivo no hubo significancia. Los adhesivos evidenciaron comportamientos similares sin registrar diferencias significativas. Los mayores espesores de capa fueron con grabado total sin diferencias significativas entre las técnicas.

ABSTRACT Eighth-generation adhesives may be applied with total etch, selective-etch or self-conditioning, and serve as primers for non-dental substrates. Aim: To determine the bonding characteristics of universal adhesives applied to the deep pulp wall with different strategies, by means of shear bond strength and laser microscopy. Materials and Method: Cavities 4 mm deep and maximum width were carved in 36 extracted molars. Nine groups were formed according to dental substrate treatment and adhesives, as follows: Total-etch: group 1-Monobond 7 self-etch, group 2-One coat 7 universal, and group 3-Single bond universal; Adamantine etch: group 4-Monobond 7 self-etch, group 5-One coat 7 universal, and group 6-Single bond universal; Self-conditioning: group 7-Monobond 7 self-etch, group 8-One coat 7 universal, and group 9-Single bond universal. Molars were filled following the manufacturer’s instructions. Three specimens per group (27 altogether) were used to determine shear bond strength using a universal testing machine, while layer thicknesses were measured on the remaining specimens using microscope images and Olympus LEXT 3D Software. Analysis of variance was used to compare data. Results: Mean (standard deviation) bond strength in megapascals (MPa) was: group 1: 7.06±3.01; group 2: 10.74±4.36; group 3: 8.20±3.92; group 4: 7.41±2.23; group 5: 6.84±1.50; group 6: 5.86±2.10; group 7: 5.83±1.94; group 8: 7.14±2.37; group 9: 8.06±3.51. Bond strength was higher (p=0.049) for total-etch (8.61±3.96) than for selective etch (6.71±1.98) and self-conditioning (6.91±2.68). No significant difference was found among the three adhesives (p=0.205). Adhesive layer in micrometers (μm) was total-etch 8.71±4.93, selective etch 5.49±1.70 and self-conditioning 6.27±3.01, with no significant difference. Conclusions: There were significant differences among bonding strategies, with the highest values for total-etch. No significant difference was observed between self-conditioning and selective etch. No significant difference was found among the adhesives, which all behaved similarly. The greatest adhesive layer thicknesses were recorded in the total-etch group, with no significant difference among the various adhesive approaches.