ABSTRACT Objectives: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme that has antioxidant potential, which confers a protective effect against the atherosclerotic process. However, studies associating genetics, dietary patterns and PON1 activity in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are scarce. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of dietary factors on serum PON1 in CVD patients. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional, sub-study of the BALANCE Program Trial. All patients aged 45 years or older and had evidence of established atherosclerotic disease in the preceding 10 years. Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose were collected. Food intake was assessed with 24-h dietary recall. Data was analyzed using SAS University Edition and a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Sample was divided into three groups, according to the PON1 T(-107)C genotype (CC, CT and TT) and serum PON1 activity (Low, Medium, High). Results: There were no genotype differences for major factors. However, the systolic blood pressure was lower for CT individuals (p<0.05). Intake of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAS) was higher in patients with lower PON1 activity. Lipid ingestion tended to be higher in patients with lower PON1 activity (p=0.08). In the multivariate logistic regression model, SFA intake (P=0.03), genotype (P=0.09), gender (P=0.04), age (P=0.07) and carbohydrate intake (P=0.16) contributed the most to the serum PON1 activity. Conclusion: Based on these findings, nutritional guidance for these patients becomes essential, since dietary components interact with serum PON1 activity more than genotype.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a frequência e tipos de refeições realizadas por idosos de Pelotas-RS e fatores associados à frequência adequada de refeições. Foi realizado estudo transversal com indivíduos ≥60 anos. Questionou-se sobre as refeições diárias na semana anterior à entrevista. A adequação de refeições foi definida conforme recomendação do Ministério da Saúde (pelo menos três refeições principais e dois lanches por dia). As variáveis independentes foram as características sociodemográficas, de saúde e da rotina alimentar. Razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados por regressão de Poisson. Dos 1.438 idosos entrevistados, cerca de 40% afirmaram realizar quatro refeições diárias. O almoço foi a refeição mais relatada, seguido do café da manhã. Apresentaram frequên cia adequada de refeições 30,6% dos homens e 38,6% das mulheres (p=0,002). Homens com edentulismo (perda dentária total) tiveram 35% maior probabilidade de adequação, enquanto essa probabilidade foi cerca de 30% menor em mulheres de cor da pele não branca, não escolarizadas e que declararam falta de dinheiro para a compra de alimentos. Um a cada três idosos atendeu a recomendação da frequência adequada de refeições e algumas características sociodemográficas foram negativamente associadas com esse hábito.

Abstract The scope of this study was to describe the frequency and types of meals consumed by the elderly in Pelotas (Brazil) and factors associated with the adequacy of meal frequency. A cross-sectional study was carried out with ≥60 years of age individuals. They were asked about daily meals during the week prior to the interview. The adequacy of meals was defined as recommended by the Ministry of Health (at least three main meals and two small snacks per day). The independent variables were sociodemographic, health and food routine characteristics. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. Of the 1,438 elderly individuals interviewed, about 40% reported consuming four meals a day. Lunch was the most reported meal, followed by breakfast. A total of 30.6% of men and 38.6% of women had adequate frequency of meals (p=0.002). Men with edentulism (total tooth loss) were 35% more likely to eat adequately, while this probability was about 30% lower among non-white women, those without schooling and those who reported a lack of money to buy food. One in each three elderly people met the recommendation of adequate frequency of meals and some sociodemographic characteristics were negatively associated with this habit.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a frequência e tipos de refeições realizadas por idosos de Pelotas-RS e fatores associados à frequência adequada de refeições. Foi realizado estudo transversal com indivíduos ≥60 anos. Questionou-se sobre as refeições diárias na semana anterior à entrevista. A adequação de refeições foi definida conforme recomendação do Ministério da Saúde (pelo menos três refeições principais e dois lanches por dia). As variáveis independentes foram as características sociodemográficas, de saúde e da rotina alimentar. Razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados por regressão de Poisson. Dos 1.438 idosos entrevistados, cerca de 40% afirmaram realizar quatro refeições diárias. O almoço foi a refeição mais relatada, seguido do café da manhã. Apresentaram frequên cia adequada de refeições 30,6% dos homens e 38,6% das mulheres (p=0,002). Homens com edentulismo (perda dentária total) tiveram 35% maior probabilidade de adequação, enquanto essa probabilidade foi cerca de 30% menor em mulheres de cor da pele não branca, não escolarizadas e que declararam falta de dinheiro para a compra de alimentos. Um a cada três idosos atendeu a recomendação da frequência adequada de refeições e algumas características sociodemográficas foram negativamente associadas com esse hábito.

Abstract The scope of this study was to describe the frequency and types of meals consumed by the elderly in Pelotas (Brazil) and factors associated with the adequacy of meal frequency. A cross-sectional study was carried out with ≥60 years of age individuals. They were asked about daily meals during the week prior to the interview. The adequacy of meals was defined as recommended by the Ministry of Health (at least three main meals and two small snacks per day). The independent variables were sociodemographic, health and food routine characteristics. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. Of the 1,438 elderly individuals interviewed, about 40% reported consuming four meals a day. Lunch was the most reported meal, followed by breakfast. A total of 30.6% of men and 38.6% of women had adequate frequency of meals (p=0.002). Men with edentulism (total tooth loss) were 35% more likely to eat adequately, while this probability was about 30% lower among non-white women, those without schooling and those who reported a lack of money to buy food. One in each three elderly people met the recommendation of adequate frequency of meals and some sociodemographic characteristics were negatively associated with this habit.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar aspectos da sustentabilidade na gestão municipal de resíduos sólidos em um município do Centro Oeste do Paraná. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso de caráter descritivo e com escopo quantitativo. A coleta de dados, que ocorreu no mês de novembro de 2014, se deu por meio da aplicação de questionário estruturado, disponibilizado eletronicamente. A pesquisa contou com uma amostra de 59 munícipes, caracterizada por estudantes de ensino superior, gestores, servidores e técnicos da área ambiental de um município localizado na região Centro Oeste do Paraná, os quais responderam 45 questões relacionadas às dimensões da sustentabilidade. Identificaram-se alguns dos aspectos da sustentabilidade na gestão municipal de resíduos sólidos, verificando que existem entre os respondentes dois grupos com percepções distintas sobre estes aspectos. Desta maneira, é possível supor que os aspectos da sustentabilidade, na gestão municipal de resíduos sólidos do município, ainda não estão perfeitamente alinhados com as demais dimensões ou que talvez estejam alinhados, mas ainda não de conhecimento de toda população, limitado a amostra.

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify and analyze aspects of sustainability in municipal solid waste management in a city of the midwest of Paraná State. The research is characterized as a descriptive and quantitative study. Data collection, which happen in November 2014, through a questionnaire structured available electronically. The survey included a sample of 59 citizens, characterized by students in higher education, managers, servers and technicians in the environmental area, a municipality located in the region west of the Paraná Center, who answered 45 questions related to the dimensions of sustainability. They identified some of the aspects of sustainability in municipal solid waste management, checking that exist between respondents two groups with different perceptions about these aspects. Thus, it is possible to assume that the aspects of sustainability in municipal management of municipal solid waste are not perfectly aligned with other dimensions or who may be aligned, but still not aware of the whole population, limited to the sample.