Abstract: Introduction: Robot-assisted Therapy (RAT) can improve the behavior of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a spontaneous and entertaining way. There are no previous experiences of this type of inter vention in our country. Objective: To describe a clinical experience of using RAT and its impact on the behaviors of a group of children with ASD, in a therapeutic context. Patients and Method: Quasi experimental clinical experience type study. 4 children with a clinical diagnosis of ASD were selected, supported by the ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule); aged between 9 and 13 years, and normal IQ according to the WISC-III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children). This study was approved by the Central Metropolitan Ethics Committee. Patients attended 10 structured robot-as sisted therapy sessions, working collaboratively in pairs. Workshop attendance and parent and child satisfaction were evaluated through surveys, the adaptive behavior with the Vineland scale, and so cial interaction with video coding guidelines. Results: Patients presented a very good adherence and satisfaction with the activity. There was an improvement in socialization behaviors and social age. Video-coding showed an increase in social interaction and improvement in the behavior of the pa tients after attending workshops. Conclusions: We observed that the experience with RAT, adapted to the context of a Chilean public health center, was highly attractive and beneficial for patients with ASD, improving core symptoms such as difficulties in social interaction and behavioral problems.

Resumen: Introducción: Existe evidencia de que la terapia robótica (TR) puede mejorar la conducta de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) de forma espontánea y entretenida. No hay experiencias previas de este tipo de intervenciones en nuestro país. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia clínica del uso de TR y su impacto en las conductas de un grupo de niños con TEA, en un contexto terapéutico. Pacientes y Mé todo: Estudio de tipo experiencia clínica cuasi-experimental. Se seleccionaron 4 niños con diagnósti co clínico de TEA, complementado con ADOS 2 (Escala Observación para Diagnóstico del Autismo); edad 9-13 años y coeficiente intelectual normal con WISC-III (Escala Wechsler Inteligencia para Niños). Aprobado por Comité de Ética Metropolitano Central. Los pacientes asistieron a 10 sesiones estructuradas de terapia robótica, trabajando en duplas de manera colaborativa. Se evaluó la asisten cia a talleres, la satisfacción de padres y niños mediante encuestas, la conducta adaptativa con escala de Vineland y la interacción social con pauta de codificación de video. Resultados: Se obtuvo una muy buena adherencia y satisfacción con la actividad. Se evidenció mejoría de conductas de sociali zación y edad social. La video-codificación mostró un incremento en la interacción social y mejoría en el comportamiento de los pacientes, luego de la asistencia a talleres. Conclusiones: Observamos que la experiencia con TR adaptada al contexto de un centro de salud público chileno fue altamente atractiva y provechosa para pacientes con TEA, mejorando síntomas ejes como son las dificultades en la interacción social y problemas conductuales.

Abstract: We present an analysis of those generic competences declared to have by graduates of graduate school: (1) before starting graduate school, (2) those obtained during graduate school and (3) those required by their work. We conduct statistical tests of hypothesis, and fit regression models, linear and logistic. We found that the competences that are most acquired and are the most applied are professionalization, skills of analytical thinking, leadership and oral communication. We conclude that there are similarities between the levels at which the graduates achieve the competences with their application in the field in which they work. We show that there are highly specialized competences obtained in graduated school (skills communication, leadership and research), which determine the relevance and significance of a graduate school system in order to support innovation in economic and social development.

Resumen: Presentamos un análisis de las competencias genéricas que declaran los egresados del posgrado que tenían: (1) antes de iniciar sus estudios, (2) las que obtuvieron durante los estudios y (3) las que les requiere el desempeño laboral. Se realizan pruebas de hipótesis, se ajustan modelos de regresión lineal y modelo logístico multinomial. Se encontró que las competencias que más se adquieren y más se aplican están vinculadas con la profesionalización, habilidades del pensamiento analítico, de liderazgo y expositivas. Se concluye que existen semejanzas entre los niveles en los cuales los egresados logran las competencias con su aplicación en el ámbito en el que se desempeñan. Se demuestra que hay competencias de alta especialización obtenidas en el posgrado (habilidades comunicativas, de liderazgo e investigativas), lo que determina la pertinencia y significancia de un sistema de posgrados para darle soporte a la innovación en el desarrollo económico y social.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the development of specific promotion policies in some Spanish cities has led to increased use of bicycles as a means of transport. In the case of the city of Seville, bicycle commuting within the metropolitan area has gone from being quantitatively insignificant to amounting to more than 6% of the modal share. Based in ethnographic research carried out in the region of Andalucía between 2013 and 2015, implementing interviews, focus groups and participatory forums in which 320 adults took part, this article analyzes from a sociocultural point of view perceptions about the health of those who use bicycles as a means of transportation and evidences some challenges that need to be faced in promoting bicycle transportation in the city. Among the effects reported by users, those relating to the perception of improvements in their state of health and emotional well-being can be highlighted. The article concludes by problematizating the analysis of the relationship between health and physical exercise in the city from a socio-anthropological perspective.

RESUMEN El desarrollo de políticas de promoción específicas en algunas ciudades de España en los últimos años ha propiciado un mayor uso de la bicicleta como medio de transporte. En el caso de la ciudad de Sevilla, los desplazamientos diarios en este vehículo dentro del área metropolitana han pasado de ser cuantitativamente insignificantes a suponer en solo cinco años más del 6% del reparto modal. A partir del trabajo etnográfico desarrollado en la región andaluza entre 2013 y 2015, centrado en la implementación de entrevistas, grupos de discusión y foros participativos, en los que participaron 320 personas mayores de edad, en este artículo se describen desde un punto de vista sociocultural las percepciones sobre la salud de los usuarios de la bicicleta como medio de desplazamiento, visualizando algunos retos a afrontar en la promoción del transporte ciclista en la ciudad. Entre los efectos referidos por los usuarios, destacan los relativos a la percepción de mejoras sobre su estado de salud físico y en su bienestar emocional. El resultado final apuesta por la problematización en el análisis de la relación entre salud y ejercicio físico en la ciudad desde un enfoque socioantropológico.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the development of specific promotion policies in some Spanish cities has led to increased use of bicycles as a means of transport. In the case of the city of Seville, bicycle commuting within the metropolitan area has gone from being quantitatively insignificant to amounting to more than 6% of the modal share. Based in ethnographic research carried out in the region of Andalucía between 2013 and 2015, implementing interviews, focus groups and participatory forums in which 320 adults took part, this article analyzes from a sociocultural point of view perceptions about the health of those who use bicycles as a means of transportation and evidences some challenges that need to be faced in promoting bicycle transportation in the city. Among the effects reported by users, those relating to the perception of improvements in their state of health and emotional well-being can be highlighted. The article concludes by problematizating the analysis of the relationship between health and physical exercise in the city from a socio-anthropological perspective.

RESUMEN El desarrollo de políticas de promoción específicas en algunas ciudades de España en los últimos años ha propiciado un mayor uso de la bicicleta como medio de transporte. En el caso de la ciudad de Sevilla, los desplazamientos diarios en este vehículo dentro del área metropolitana han pasado de ser cuantitativamente insignificantes a suponer en solo cinco años más del 6% del reparto modal. A partir del trabajo etnográfico desarrollado en la región andaluza entre 2013 y 2015, centrado en la implementación de entrevistas, grupos de discusión y foros participativos, en los que participaron 320 personas mayores de edad, en este artículo se describen desde un punto de vista sociocultural las percepciones sobre la salud de los usuarios de la bicicleta como medio de desplazamiento, visualizando algunos retos a afrontar en la promoción del transporte ciclista en la ciudad. Entre los efectos referidos por los usuarios, destacan los relativos a la percepción de mejoras sobre su estado de salud físico y en su bienestar emocional. El resultado final apuesta por la problematización en el análisis de la relación entre salud y ejercicio físico en la ciudad desde un enfoque socioantropológico.

RESUMO Racional: Cerca de 500.000 cirurgias bariátricas são realizadas a cada ano em todo o mundo. As técnicas mais realizadas são o bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux e a gastrectomia vertical. A derivação biliopancreática, com ou sem duodenal switch, é considerada técnica mais eficaz no tratamento cirúrgico do paciente obeso mórbido; entretanto, representa não mais do que 1,5% dos procedimentos na atualidade, pois sua complexidade técnica, morbimortalidade e graves efeitos adversos nutricionais impedem aceitação mais universal. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos técnicos e os benefícios do SADI-S com ligadura da artéria gástrica direita como um modo simplificado do duodenal switch original. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos a este procedimento entre novembro 2014 e maio de 2016. Além da descrição da sistematização da técnica operatória, foram analisadas as complicações precoces associadas ao procedimento. Resultados: Uma série de 67 pacientes foi operada no período analisado; 46 eram mulheres (68,7%) e a média de idade foi de 44 anos (33-56). O IMC médio foi de 53,5 kg/m2 (50-63,5). O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 115 min (80-180) e a permanência hospitalar média foi de 2,5 dias (1-25). Complicações foram observadas em cinco pacientes (7,5%) e dois (2,9%) tiveram de ser reoperados. Duas pacientes evoluíram com fístula, uma no coto duodenal e outra na junção esofagogástrica. Não houve mortalidade. Conclusão: SADI-S com ligadura da artéria gástrica direita é procedimento seguro com poucas complicações precoces. A simplificação técnica em relação ao duodenal switch clássico pode permitir que este procedimento se torne mais popular. Todas as complicações observadas nesta série não estavam relacionadas com a ligadura da artéria gástrica direita.

ABSTRACT Background: Bariatric surgery is performed all over the world with close to 500.000 procedures per year. The most performed techniques are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Despite this data, the most effective procedure, biliopancreatic diversion with or without duodenal switch, represents only no more than 1.5% of the procedures. Technical complexity, morbidity, mortality, and severe nutritional adverse effects related to the procedure are the main fears that prevent most universal acceptance. Aim: To explain the technical aspects and the benefits of the SADI-S with right gastric artery ligation as an effective simplification from the original duodenal switch. Methods: Were included all patients undergoing this procedure from the November 2014 to May 2016, describing and analysing aspects of this technique, the systematization and early complications associated with the procedure. Results: A series of 67 patients were operated; 46 were women (68.7%); mean age of the group was 44 years old (33-56); and an average BMI of 53.5 kg/m2 (50-63.5). Surgical time was 115 min (80-180). A total of five patients (7.5%) had any complication and two (2.9%) had to be reoperated. There were two patients with leak, one at the duodenal stump and other at the esophagogastric angle. There was no mortality. Patients stayed at the hospital a median of 2.5 days (1-25). Conclusions: SADI-S with right gastric artery ligation is a safe procedure with few preliminary complications. The technical variations introduced to the classical duodenal switch are reproducible and may allow this procedure to be more popular. All the complications in this series were not related to the ligation of the right gastric artery.

The parasitic bopyrid isopod Pseudione tuberculata Richardson, 1904 infests the branchial chamber of species of the family Lithodidae found along the southern tip of South America. It was previously known only as a parasite of Neolithodes off the Chonos Archipelago, Chile, as well as Paralomis granulosa (Jacquinot, 1847) and Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1782) from shallow waters of the Beagle Channel, Argentina. This is the first time the parasite is documented in Chile at the Magellan Strait, located about 640 km north of the Beagle Channel, infesting mainly on juveniles of L. santolla (23.0 to 51.6 mm CL in females and from 24.0 to 48.7 mm in males). Prevalence of the parasite in crabs was 27.9% in females and 21.4% in males. Prevalence was higher than those reported in other Chilean crustaceans parasitized by other Pseudione species. Each king crab carried a single pair of P. tuberculata within the branchial chamber on the left side of the carapace. High rates of parasitism of P. tuberculata on juvenile king crabs in this area could occur in shallow water inhabited by Macrocystis pyrifera kelp due to the plant's effect on the local hydrodynamic conditions, reducing flow and damping waves, providing habitats for several organisms. It is concluded that P. tuberculata infesting L. santolla at the Magellan strait responds in a similar way when compared with prevalence values from previous studies developed at the Beagle Channel, Argentina, where it has been reported infesting P. granulosa and L. santolla.

El isópodo parásito Pseudione tuberculata Richardson, 1904 infesta la cavidad branquial de especies de la familia Lithodidae en el extremo sur de Sudamérica. Ha sido descrito previamente como parásito de Neolithodes en el Archipiélago de los Chonos, Chile, y en Paralomis granulosa (Jacquinot, 1847) y Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1782) en aguas someras del canal Beagle, Argentina. Es la primera vez que el parásito es documentado en Chile en el estrecho de Magallanes, ubicado alrededor de 640 km al norte del canal Beagle, parasitando juveniles de L. santolla (23,0 a 51,6 mm LC en hembras y entre 24,0 a 48,7 mm en machos). La frecuencia del parásito en centollas fue de 27,97% en hembras y 21,43% en machos. La frecuencia de infestación fue mayor a la descrita en otros crustáceos chilenos parasitados por Pseudione. Cada centolla portaba una pareja de P. tuberculata dentro de la cavidad branquial en el lado izquierdo del caparazón. Las altas tasas de parasitismo de P. tuberculata en centollas juveniles en el área podría ocurrir en aguas someras habitadas por Macrocystis pyrifera debido a su efecto en las condiciones hidrodinámicas locales, la reducción del flujo y la amortiguación del oleaje, proporcionando hábitats para diversos organismos marinos. Se concluye que P. tuberculata como parásito de L. santolla, en el estrecho de Magallanes, responde de manera similar al compararse con los valores de infestación de estudios previos desarrollados en el canal Beagle, Argentina, en donde ha sido reportada infestando P. granulosa y L. santolla.