ABSTRACT Background: Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed inconsistent results for comparison between bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: An anatomic likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was used to explore the key regions of brain pathology in BD with different current mood states. Results: Depressed BD patients showed reduced regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left claustrum and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), compared to HC. BD patients with mixed mood status showed decreased fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the right cerebellar tonsil, the bilateral MFG and the right superior frontal gyrus, compared to HC. Additionally, BD patients with mixed mood status showed increased fALFF in the right inferior occipital gyrus, the right culmen and the left lentiform nucleus, compared to HC. BD patients with mixed mood status showed decreased functional connectivity (FC) in the bilateral cerebellar tonsil, compared to HC. Conclusion: In the present study, key regions undergoing functional deficits in BD patients with different current mood states were obtained with the ALE meta-analysis. In addition, deficits in these regions in fMRI studies might work as biomarkers for early diagnosis of BD.

With the widespread use of high-efficiency antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients has been significantly extended. However, the metabolic complications among HIV-infected patients treated with HAART have become the most common problem in the world. It is very important to explore the incidence of dyslipidaemia and studies on the role of potential risk factors in HIV-infected Chinese patients treated with HAART are sparse. Therefore, we designed current study, to investigate the effects of therapeutic intervention and continuous information support on the lifestyle of HIV/AIDS patients with dyslipidaemia. Three hundred and six HIV/AIDS patients admitted to the AIDS clinic in Beijing from January 2016 to January 2017 were recruited and assigned into two groups: the treatment group (n=64) and the control group (n=64). The median age of the participants was 38.8±11.0 years (range 20-75 years). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in control and treatment group was (59/64) 92.2% and (53/64) 82.8%, respectively. In this study, low HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) led to abnormalities 47/64 (73.3%) in the control group and 35/64 (54.7%) in HAART-treatment group. Additionally, HAART group showed higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (246.1±171.8, 1.73±1.61 mmol/L, 4.46±1.1 mmol/L, 2.54±0.74 mmol/L). In multivariate analysis, gender, marital status, high BMI, dietary habits and physical activity were potential risk factors for dyslipidemia in HIV-infected Chinese patients. In this study, we reported high prevalence dyslipidemiain two HIV infected groups. We suggest that the appropriate diagnosis should be performed for analyzing the metabolic complications in HIV-infected Chinese patients. Further studies are very important to understand the role of potential risk factors in metabolic complications.

Abstract: WeChat payment has recently become a popular mobile payment service in China by bundling with WeChat, the most popular social network service in China. It is interesting to investigate the reasons for its popularity. In this research, we applied the technology acceptance model to predict its acceptability and to identify variables attributing to its popularity. In addition to the primary explanatory variables, i.e., Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness, the proposed framework is further extended to include the constructs of Social Interaction, Trust, Perceived Enjoyment and Use Context. The results indicated that the proposed model is able to explain the variance in a user’s intention to use WeChat payment service. We hope this study can provide insights into understanding the adoption behaviour of socially aware mobile payment services.

Abstract The dechlorination efficiency of zinc oxide dust using microwave roasting was investigated capitalizing on the different microwave absorbing capacities of the compounds such as chlorine, lead, and zinc oxide. The associated dechlorination reactions were discussed in detail and the effect of all the influencing parameters such as the air flow rate, steam flow rate, the roasting temperature, roasting duration, and the mixing rate were assessed to identify the optimal conditions. The results indicated that a near 93% dechlorination of zinc oxide dust could be achieved, which would satisfy the requirements of the wet smelting electrolysis process. The optimal process parameters were identified to be an air flow of 300 L/h, a steam flow of 8 mL/min, a stirring speed of 60 rpm, a roasting temperature of 650 ºC, and a roasting duration of 60 min. Water vapor has an enhanced effect on dechlorination by microwave roasting.

Abstract In this research, the effect of different citric acid concentrations, ammonia concentration, temperature, leaching time, stirring speed and liquid-to-solid ratio on the zinc leaching from low-grade zinc oxide ore in a NH3-H3C6H5O7-H2O system were studied. The results showed that the zinc leaching rate is only 4.7% when the citric acid concentration is 0 M, and the leaching efficiency of Zn increased with increasing citric acid concentration. Under the conditions: citric acid concentration of 1.0 M, ammonia concentration of 6 M, temperature of 25 °C, leaching time of 60 min, stirring speed of 300 rpm and the starting solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, 81.2% of Zn is leached. The mineralogical changes of the low-grade zinc oxide ores during the processes were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy associated with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). From the evidence we deduced that citric ions complexed with zinc ions, forming a Zn-citrate complex. As a result, the zinc leaching rate was improved without the risk of pollution or pretreatment. This makes it as a good choice for a more ecological treatment of hemimorphite.

Abstract Climate change represents a vital challenge in foxtail millet (Panicum italicum L.) production for assuring development of foxtail millet and obtaining high yields in semi-arid and arid regions of China. The objective of this study was to show the impact of climate change on water use efficiency (WUE) of foxtail millet in dry-land areas of China. The study included yield of foxtail millet, soil water content, rainfall, and temperature data of three experimental sites between 1978 and 2007. All data was provided by the meteorological and agricultural administration centers of every location. The results showed that in Pingliang, Yulin, and Huhehot accumulated temperatures increased by 502, 541, and 857 °C; rainfall decreased by 75.0, 84.3, and 162.5 mm; WUE of foxtail millet increased by about 0.3 kg ha-1 mm-1 when accumulated temperature increased by 100 °C; rainfall decreased by 100 mm, which increased WUE of foxtail millet by about 1.2 kg ha-1 mm-1. Coefficient of variation (CV) of accumulated temperature and CV of rainfall in Pingliang, Yulin, and Huhehot increased as latitudes of these locations moved up. Average WUE of foxtail millet in these locations increased when CV of accumulated temperature or CV of rainfall moved up. These results indicate that WUE of foxtail millet had an improvement due to climate warming and decreasing rainfall between 1978 and 2007.

Resumen El cambio climático representa un desafío vital en la producción de mijo cola de zorro (Panicum italicum L.), para asegurar su desarrollo y obtener rendimientos altos, en las regiones semiáridas y áridas de China. El objetivo de este estudio fue mostrar el impacto del cambio climático en la eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) de mijo cola de zorro en zonas de secano de China. El estudio incluyó el rendimiento de mijo cola de zorro, el contenido de agua del suelo, la precipitación y los datos de temperatura de tres sitios experimentales de 1978 a 2007. Los datos fueron proporcionados por los centros de administración meteorológicos y agrícolas de cada lugar. Los resultados mostraron que en Pingliang, Yulin y Huhehot las temperaturas acumuladas aumentaron en 502, 541 y 857 °C; la precipitación disminuyó 75.0, 84.3 y 162.5 mm, la EUA de mijo cola de zorro aumentó cerca de 0.3 kg ha-1 mm-1 cuando la temperatura acumulada aumentó 100 °C, la precipitación disminuyó 100 mm lo que aumentó cerca de 1.2 kg ha-1 mm-1 la EUA del mijo cola de zorro. El coeficiente de variación de la temperatura acumulada y de la precipitación en Pingliang, Yulin y Huhehot aumentó con la latitud de estos lugares. En estos lugares, la EUA promedio del mijo cola de zorro aumentó cuando el CV de la temperatura acumulada o de la precipitación acumulada incrementó. Estos resultados indican que el uso eficiente del agua del mijo mejoró debido al calentamiento global y la disminución de las lluvias de 1978 a 2007.

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Résumé Objectif Étudier le rapport coût-efficacité d'un programme global de lutte contre la tuberculose pharmacorésistante lancé en 2011 dans quatre régions chinoises. Méthodes En 2011-2012, nous avons analysé les dossiers de 172 patients atteints de tuberculose pharmacorésistante qui s'étaient inscrits à ce programme global et nous avons collecté des données administratives pertinentes auprès de différents hôpitaux et de l'agence de santé publique chinoise. À titre de comparaison, nous avons examiné une cohorte de 81 patients soignés pour une tuberculose pharmacorésistante entre 2006 et 2009. Nous avons réalisé une analyse coût-efficacité, sur le plan sociétal, qui incluait une incertitude probabiliste. Nous avons mesuré les résultats du traitement précoce en fonction de résultats de culture sur trois mois et modélisé les résultats à long terme pour faciliter l'estimation du coût du programme global par année de vie corrigée du facteur incapacité (AVCI) évitée. Résultats Le programme global coûte 8837 dollars des États-Unis (US$) par patient soigné. Le faible taux d'inscription signifiait que certains coûts fixes par patient étaient plus importants que prévu. Bien que ce programme global se soit révélé 30 fois plus cher que le précédent, il a débouché sur des avantages accrus en matière de santé. Le programme global, qui coûte 639 US$ (intervalle de crédibilité à 95 %: 112 à 1322) par AVCI évitée, satisfait au critère de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé définissant une intervention très rentable. Conclusion Le programme global, qui incluait un dépistage rapide, des soins standardisés et une protection financière, a amélioré les résultats des patients atteints de tuberculose multirésistante en limitant les dépenses. Afin de soutenir les objectifs mondiaux pour l'après-2015 en matière de santé, le programme global devrait être élargi aux non-résidents et à d'autres régions de Chine.

Abstract Objective To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for drug-resistant tuberculosis launched in four sites in China in 2011. Methods In 2011-2012, we reviewed the records of 172 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who enrolled in the comprehensive programme and we collected relevant administrative data from hospitals and China's public health agency. For comparison, we examined a cohort of 81 patients who were treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis in 2006−2009. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis, from a societal perspective, that included probabilistic uncertainty. We measured early treatment outcomes based on three-month culture results and modelled longer-term outcomes to facilitate estimation of the comprehensive programme's cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. Findings The comprehensive programme cost 8837 United States dollars (US$) per patient treated. Low enrolment rates meant that some fixed costs were higher, per patient, than expected. Although the comprehensive programme appeared 30 times more costly than the previous one, it resulted in greater health benefits. The comprehensive programme, which cost US$ 639 (95% credible interval: 112 to 1322) per DALY averted, satisfied the World Health Organization's criterion for a very cost-effective intervention. Conclusion The comprehensive programme, which included rapid screening, standardized care and financial protection, improved individual outcomes for MDR tuberculosis in a cost-effective manner. To support post-2015 global heath targets, the comprehensive programme should be expanded to non-residents and other areas of China.

Resumen Objetivo Investigar la costoeficacia de un programa integral para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente lanzado en cuatro localizaciones de China en 2011. Métodos En 2011-2012, se revisaron los informes de 172 pacientes con tuberculosis farmacorresistente que se habían inscrito en el programa integral y se recogieron datos administrativos relevantes de hospitales y la agencia de salud pública de China. Como término de comparación, se examinó un cohorte de 81 pacientes que habían sido tratados para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente en 2006−2009. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de costoeficacia desde una perspectiva societaria que incluía la incertidumbre probabilística. Se midieron los resultados de los tratamientos tempranos basados en los resultados de un cultivo de tres meses y se modelaron resultados a largo plazo para facilitar la estimación del coste del programa integral de años de vida en función de la discapacidad (AVAD) evitada. Resultados El programa integral costó 8.837 dólares estadounidenses (USD) por paciente tratado. Las bajas tasas de inscripción significaban que algunos de los costes fijos eran mayores por paciente que lo esperado. A pesar de que el programa integral parecía 30 veces más costoso que el anterior, tuvo como resultado unos mejores beneficios para la salud. El programa integral, que costó 639 USD (intervalo de credibilidad del 95%: de 112 a 1.322) por AVAD evitado, satisfizo el criterio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en cuanto a intervenciones muy costoefectivas. Conclusión El programa integral, que incluía un examen rápido, cuidados estándar y protección financiera, mejoró los resultados individuales de la tuberculosis multirresistente (MR) de una manera costoefectiva. Para apoyar los objetivos de salud globales posteriores a 2015, el programa integral debería expandirse a no residentes y otras áreas de China.

Background and Objectives: Currently, there is a serious need to find practical biomarker(s) for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) therapeutic target(s). This study aimed to investigate the association between microRNA (miRNA, miR) expression level in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and symptomatology improvement in MDD patients before and after six-week antidepressant treatment. Methods: By using an Affymetrix array that covers 723 human miRNAs, 26 miRNAs were identified with significantly altered expression in PBMCs in MDD patients, of which 10 miRNAs were selected for quantitative real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) study. Twenty out of all the 81 MDD patients were selected for miRNA expression levels testing and symptomatology assessments before and after six-week treatment. Results: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of miR-26b, miR-4743, miR-4498, miR-4485 and miR-1972 of the MDD group were significantly higher (P < 0.05); the changes of expression levels of miR-4743, miR-4498, miR-4485 and miR-1972 were positively related to retardation improvement (P < 0.05), and the change of expression level of miR-26b negatively to the improvement of day and night change (P < 0.05); regression analysis result demonstrated that the alteration of miR-4485 expression accounted for 28.8% of retardation improvement (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These five miRNAs (miR-4743, miR-4498, miR-4485, miR-1972 and miR-26b) may serve as biomarker for MDD diagnosis and therapeutic targets for MDD treatment.