Abstract Introduction: Spinal injuries are common among young adult men. Recognizing kinematics can help reduce the number of late diagnoses, especially if there are consciousness disorders. Vertebral fractures can be single or multiple, and they are often associated with extravertebral injuries. Objectives: To examine the distribution of the lesion based on the mechanism of production, to characterize the neurological condition, to evaluate the lesion pattern and its relationship with extravertebral lesions, and to analyze the treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective study of patients admitted with post-trauma vertebral injuries between July 1, 2018 and June 30, 2020. Age, gender, kinematics, neurological condition, affected sector, pattern of injury, and associated extravertebral injuries were all examined. Results: There were 281 patients (60% men) evaluated, with 400 vertebral and 118 extravertebral lesions. The causes were as follows: polytrauma in 62 cases, falls from great heights in 147 patients, and traffic accidents in 98. ASIA E was the most frequently observed neurological picture (8 cases), which was not determined at admission. The T2-L5 sector was the most affected, mostly by compression injuries. Head and chest trauma were the most common extravertebral injuries; there was one case of SCIWORA and one early death. Conclusions: The most commonly affected spinal sectors were thoracolumbar, thoracic, and lumbar; the injuries are typically caused by falls from great heights and, in general, are isolated, with no neurological injuries. The treatment is determined by the stability and neurological condition.

Resumen Introducción: Las lesiones raquídeas son frecuentes en hombres adultos jóvenes. Reconocer la cinemática ayuda a disminuir la tasa de diagnósticos tardíos, principalmente si hay trastornos de la conciencia. Las fracturas vertebrales pueden ser únicas o múltiples, y asociarse con lesiones extravertebrales. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la distribución de la lesión según el mecanismo de producción, caracterizar el cuadro neurológico, evaluar el patrón de lesión y la asociación con lesiones extravertebrales, y analizar el tratamiento. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo de pacientes con lesiones vertebrales postrauma, que ingresaron entre el 1 de julio de 2018 y el 30 de junio de 2020. Se analizaron los siguientes parámetros: edad, sexo, cinemática, cuadro neurológico, sector afectado, patrón de lesión, lesiones extravertebrales asociadas. Resultados: Se evaluó a 281 pacientes (60% hombres) con 400 lesiones vertebrales y 118 extravertebrales que, en 62 casos, conformaban un cuadro de politraumatismo; 147 con trauma por caída de altura y 98, por accidente de tránsito. El cuadro neurológico más observado fue ASIA E (8 casos), no determinado al ingreso. El sector T2-L5 fue el más afectado, en su mayoría, por lesiones por compresión. Las lesiones extravertebrales más frecuentes fueron el trauma de cráneo y de tórax; hubo un caso de SCIWORA y un óbito temprano. Conclusiones: Los sectores raquídeos más afectados fueron: el toracolumbar, el torácico y el lumbar; las lesiones suelen deberse a caídas de altura y suelen ser únicas, sin cuadro neurológico. El tratamiento se decide según la estabilidad y el cuadro neurológico.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um caso de tuberculose disseminada afetando a coluna lombar, tratada com um sistema de suporte anterior não convencional. Contexto: Espondilodiscite tuberculosa é a forma mais comum e mais grave de tuberculose extrapulmonar. Embora o principal tratamento seja a antibioticoterapia, o tratamento cirúrgico é importante em casos de déficit neurológico, instabilidade da coluna e deformidade significativa, sepse grave, abscessos paravertebrais ou peridurais ou em casos de falha do tratamento clínico. Cirurgia também é necessária quando há necessidade de biópsia. Com o desenvolvimento de novos métodos para a reconstrução e fixação da coluna, cada vez mais se faz o debridamento completo do foco da tuberculose vertebral, mas há falta de consenso sobre a melhor técnica. Métodos e Resultados: O paciente sofria de tuberculose disseminada afetando a coluna, na região lombar, com abscesso do músculo psoas. Foi tratado com extenso debridamento pelas vias anterior e posterior, usando um sistema não convencional de suporte anterior que promove distração hidrostática. Conclusões: O tratamento com o distrator hidrostático foi capaz de restabelecer a estabilidade e a anatomia da curva lombar. Nível de evidência IV, Relato de caso.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a case of disseminated tuberculosis affecting the lumbar spine that was treated using a non-conventional anterior support system. Background: Tuberculous spondylodiscitis is the most common and most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Although antibiotic therapy is the most frequently used treatment, surgery is necessary in cases of neurological deficit, spinal instability, significant deformity, severe sepsis, paravertebral and epidural abscesses or in cases wherein clinical treatment has failed. A surgical procedure is also indicated when a biopsy is required. With the development of new methods for reconstruction and fixation of the spine, complete debridement of the tuberculous foci has become an increasingly common approach, but there is a lack consensus on the best technique. Methods and results: The patient suffered from disseminated tuberculosis affecting the lumbar region of the spine, with an abscess in the psoas muscle. He underwent extensive debridement via both anterior and posterior approaches, using a non-conventional anterior support system that promotes hydrostatic distraction. Conclusions: Treatment using the hydrostatic distraction system was able to reestablish both the stability and anatomy of the lumbar curve. Level of evidence IV, Case report.

ABSTRACT Food manufacturing wastes, such as olive mill solid waste, tomato pomace and grape pomace are three wastes produced by food industries in the Region of Maule. One of the simplest strategies for the proper disposal of these residues is to directly eliminate them by cultivation with degrading mesophilic microorganisms, which use these wastes as their sole carbon source. A fungal strain was isolated from tomato peel and used to degrade food manufacturing wastes. This strain was effective in degrading olive mill solid waste, but partially degraded both grape and tomato pomace. Based on mycelium morphology, sequence of part of the ribosomal and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA, the strain most probably belongs to Botrytis genera. This is the first report that uses a strain similar to Botrytis in degrading food manufacturing wastes from the Region of Maule.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue microencapsular aceite de sacha inchi mediante secado por aspersión, con el fin de evitar las reacciones oxidativas de degradación, dado su alto contenido de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados, los cuales presentan grandes beneficios para la salud. Empleando maltodextrina y goma arábiga en una proporción ( 1:1 ), se evaluó la temperatura de entrada y la carga de aceite, siendo 150 °C y 33% las mejores condiciones de trabajo durante el proceso de secado. Se obtuvo un rendimiento y eficiencia de microencapsulación de 82,10 ± 0,99% y 93,90 ± 0,56%, respectivamente. Cabe mencionar que esta investigación es la primera en emplear la técnica de secado por aspersión, y como agentes formadores de la pared polimérica la mezcla de maltodextrina y goma arábiga en la microencapsulación de aceite de sacha inchi. Mediante análisis fisicoquímico, se evaluó la humedad del aceite de sacha inchi microencapsulado, manteniendo un contenido de humedad a las 26 semanas de 4,60 ± 0,02%. Al utilizar cromatografía de gases se encontró que no existe variación en cuanto al perfil de ácidos grasos antes y después de la microencapsulación, y mediante espectroscopía infrarroja se demostró que el aceite de sacha inchi se encuentra en el interior de las microcápsulas. La microscopía electrónica de barrido permitió observar que las microcápsulas presentan forma esférica con una superficie lisa y libre de poros, lo que evita la exposición directa del aceite a las diferentes condiciones ambientales.

The objective of this research was microencapsulated sacha inchi oil by spray drying, in order to prevent oxidative degradation reactions, given its high content of mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which present great health benefits. Employing a maltodextrin-gum arabic system in the same ratio (1:1), the inlet temperature and the oil charge was evaluated, being 150 °C and 33% the best conditions during the drying process, obtaining a performance and efficiency microencapsulation of 82.10 ± 0.99% and 93.90 ± 0.56%, respectively. It should be mentioned that this research is the first one to use the spray drying technique and maltodextrin and arabic gum as polymeric wall formers agents for the sacha inchi oil microen-capsulation. By physicochemical analysis, the microencapsulated sacha inchi oil moisture was evaluated, keeping a moisture content at 26 weeks of 4.60 ± 0.02%, applying gas chromatography, it was found that there is no variation in the fatty acid profile before and after microencapsulation. Through infrared spectroscopy it was shown that sacha inchi oil is inserted into the core of the microcapsules. The electron microscopy scanning allowed to observe that the microcapsules have a spherical shape with a smooth surface and free of pores which prevent direct contact of the oil with different ambient conditions.

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a influência de três concentrações de enzima transglutaminase comercial em filés reestruturado a partir de polpa de corvina (Micropogonias furnieri), uma das quatro espécies marinhas notáveis no Brasil. O filé reestruturado desenvolvido tem vantagens quando comparado aos filés tradicionais, tais como, a ausência da espinhas e sabor menos intenso (ciclos de lavagens). O processo de lavagem da polpa de corvina foi comparado com cinco agentes clarificantes: água (controle), ácido fosfórico (H3PO4), cloreto de sódio (NaCl), carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) e bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO3). O produto de qualidade superior (mais branco) foi obtido com a lavagem com carbonato de cálcio. Três concentrações (1,5%, 1,0% e 0,5%) de transglutaminase microbiana (Activa TG-B % v/v e Activa TG-BP % p/p) foram comparadas a fim de produzir o produto reestruturado (filé sem espinha). A concentração de 1,5% (ambas as enzimas) produziu melhores resultados. Os produtos reestruturados foram comparados através de análise sensorial, e apresentaram melhores parâmetros sensoriais (aparência, odor, sabor e textura), as amostras tratadas com Activa TG-B (forma de solução).

This study aimed at determining the influence of three concentrations of commercial transglutaminase enzyme in restructured fillet of minced fish from white croacker (Micropogonias furnieri), one of the four marine species with notability in Brazil. The restructured fillet developed had advantages when compared to traditional fillet, such as absence of spine and less flavour intensity (washes cycles). Washing process for white croacker mince was compared with five clarification agents: water (control), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). The higher quality product (whiteness) was obtained with calcium carbonate washes. Three concentrations (1.5, 1.0 and 0.5%) of microbial transglutaminase MGTase (Active TG-B %v/v and Active TG-BP %w/w) were compared, in order to produce fish restructured product (boneless fillet). The concentration of 1.5% (both enzymes), produced better results. The restructured products were compared by sensory analysis and showed better sensory parameters (appearance, odour, flavour and texture) samples treated with Active TG-B (solution form).

OBJECTIVE: To directly compare cancer incidence among Hispanic children and non-Hispanic white children in California and Florida, two states in the United States of America that include nearly one in three Hispanic children in the country. METHODS: Cross-sectional data for 1988 through 1998 pertaining to all incident pediatric cancer cases (age < 15 years) with race/ethnicity coded as either Hispanic or non-Hispanic white came from the Florida Cancer Data System database and the California Cancer Registry database. The results were expressed as age-standardized incidence rates, standardized to the world standard million population. Hispanic rates and non-Hispanic white rates were compared using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs.). RESULTS: The SIR for all cancers for Hispanic children compared to non-Hispanic white children was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.05). For selected tumor types, SIRs indicated higher incidences among Hispanic children for leukemia (SIR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.34), Hodgkin's lymphoma (SIR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.54), and germ cell tumors (SIR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.96). There were lower incidences for the Hispanic children for central nervous system tumors (SIR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.78) and for sympathetic nervous system tumors (SIR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.87). In terms of interstate differences, the incidence of lymphoma, central nervous system tumors, sympathetic nervous system tumors, and malignant bone tumors was highest among Hispanic youth in Florida; the incidence of hepatic tumors was highest among Hispanic youth in California. CONCLUSIONS: While the overall cancer incidence rate among Hispanic children was similar to that for non-Hispanic white children, significant differences for specific tumor types were identified. Since Hispanic ethnicity may be a confounder for other cancer risk factors (e.g., familial, socioeconomic, or environmental), it is recommended that future research into Hispanic pediatric cancer risk investigate these risk factors.

OBJETIVO: Comparar de manera directa la incidencia de cáncer en niños hispanos y en niños blancos no hispanos en los estados de California y la Florida, donde viven casi las dos terceras partes de toda la población infantil hispana de Estados Unidos de América. MÉTODOS: Del Sistema de Estadísticas de Cáncer de la Florida (Florida Cancer Data System) y del Registro de Cáncer de California (California Cancer Registry) se sacaron datos transversales de 1988 a 1998 correspondientes a todos los casos nuevos de cáncer en niños (<15 años de edad), codificados según raza u origen étnico en "hispanos" o "blancos no hispanos". Los resultados se expresaron en forma de tasas de incidencia estandarizadas por edad, usando como referencia la población mundial estándar en millones de habitantes. Se comparó la frecuencia de cáncer en niños hispanos y en niños blancos no hispanos mediante razones de incidencia estandarizadas (RIE) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: Al compararse la frecuencia de todos los tipos de cáncer en niños hispanos y niños blancos no hispanos, la RIE fue de 1,02 (IC95%: 0,99 a 1,05). Al examinarse ciertos tipos de tumores en particular, las RIE apuntaron a mayores tasas de incidencia de leucemia (RIE = 1,26; IC95%: 1,19 a 1,34), linfoma de Hodgkin (RIE = 1,29; IC95%: 1,08 a 1,54), y tumores de células germinativas (RIE = 1,62; IC95%: 1,34 a 1,96) en niños hispanos. Estos últimos tuvieron menores incidencias de tumores del sistema nervioso central (RIE = 0,72; IC95%: 0,66 a 0,78) y de tumores del sistema nervioso simpático (RIE = 0,76; IC95%: 0,66 a 0,87). En lo que respecta a diferencias entre estados, la incidencia de linfoma, de tumores del sistema nervioso central, de tumores del sistema nervioso simpático y de tumores óseos malignos fue mayor entre jóvenes hispanos residentes de la Florida; en cambio, la incidencia de hepatomas malignos fue mayor entre jóvenes hispanos residentes de California. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque la incidencia general de cáncer en niños hispanos fue semejante a la observada en niños blancos no hispanos, se hallaron diferencias significativas en el caso de ciertos tumores en particular. Habida cuenta de que ser hispano puede ser un factor de confusión en relación con otros factores de riesgo de cáncer (familiares, socioeconómicos o ambientales), se recomienda explorar estos últimos factores en futuras investigaciones sobre el riesgo de cáncer en niños hispanos.