The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a mixture of essential oils (EO), calcium malate (CM), or their combination (EO + CM) on the physico-chemical characteristics of lamb meat. A total of 36, two-month-old, 20 ± 3 kg live weight, male lambs were allocated to individual cages and randomly distributed into four treatment groups: 1, basal diet (BD); 2, BD + 150 g of EO ton-1; 3, BD + 2.5 kg of CM ton-1; and 4: BD + 150 g EO + 2.5 kg CM ton-1. Feed and fresh water were available ad libitum to the lambs during the 56-day experiment. There was no difference in the chemical composition of the lamb meat although collagen was higher in the EO + CM treatment. The percentage of omega-3 and eicosapentaenoic acid was higher in the OE + CM group, but there were no differences in the total percentage of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. The shear strength of raw meat was higher in the BD group, but the shear strength of cooked meat was lower in the EO group than in the BD or CM groups. There was no difference in water retention in raw meat or in water loss in cooked meat between groups. The colour of the meat was not affected by treatment. The EO and EO + CM groups had an increase in meat tenderness and the concentration of some unsaturated fatty acids, but this did not affect the colour or chemical composition of the lamb meat.

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds with some beneficial properties for ruminants as they act as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anthelmintics, which may improve animal performance. However, the results are variable, depending on the type, source, and dose. The objective of this research was to determine the effect on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of lambs supplemented with condensed tannins (CTs) from Acacia mearnsii extract. Thirty-six, three-month-old Dorset x Hampshire cross lambs of 20.8 ± 3.3 kg live weight were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments (n = 9), namely T1: basal diet, 0.0 g CT/kg DM-1; T2: T1 + 1.75 g CT/kg DM-1; T3: T1 + 3.5 g CT/kg DM-1; and T4: T1 + 5.25 g CT/kg DM-1. The daily weight gain was higher in T2 and T3 than in T1. The weight at slaughter and empty weight at slaughter were higher in T2 than in T1. The hot carcass weight was higher in T3 than in T1, but no different from T2 or T4. The hot carcass yield was higher in T3 than in the other treatments. The meat pH at slaughter and 24 hours postmortem was higher in T4 than in T1 and the meat protein percentage was higher in T3 than in T1. The inclusion of CTs from Acacia mearnsii extract in the diet of fattening lambs increased their daily weight gain, yield, and carcass weight.

The objective of the work was to determine the Leaf-Stem Relationship (L-S R) in natural and cultivated grasses of the Semiarid Western Chaco of Trancas department, Tucumán, Argentina, at the phenological stage of flowering. Trichloris crinita, Setaria leiantha and Aristida adscencionis (natural) and Chloris gayana cv. Common and Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Texas 4464 (cultivated) species were evaluated. The sampling was carried out cutting the whole forage plant at ground level. In each plant, leaves and stems were separated, and dried in stove until constant weight. The L-S R resulted from dividing the dry weight of the leaf component into the dry weight of the stem component, for each of the species and samples evaluated. The data obtained were analyzed by means of an analysis of variance for a completely randomized design. Results show that the L-S R of grasses in similar phenological stage, presents a great variability allowing inferring that, as the result of having a more favorable L-S R towards the leaf component, C. ciliaris and S. leiantha would have better nutritional value in full bloom, than C. gayana, T. crinita and A. adscencionis. Knowing L-S R of a forage allows guiding on the most appropriate time for consumption, the level of defoliation to apply during grazing and its place within a sequence of use in relation to other species of the same period of grazing.

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la Relación Hoja-Tallo (R H-T) en gramíneas naturales y cultivadas del Chaco Occidental Semiárido del departamento Trancas, Tucumán, Argentina, en el estado fenológico de floración. Las especies evaluadas fueron Trichloris crinita, Setaria leiantha y Aristida adscencionis (naturales) y Chloris gayana cv. Común y Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Texas 4464(cultivadas). El muestreo se realizó cortando a la altura de la superficie del suelo toda la mata de forraje. En cada planta cosechada se procedió a la separación de las hojas y los tallos, los cuales fueron secados en estufa hasta obtener un peso constante. La R H-T resultó de dividir el peso seco del componente hoja en el peso seco del componente tallo en todas las especies y muestras evaluadas. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante análisis de la varianza para un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Los resultados indican que la R H-T de gramíneas en similar estado fenológico, presenta una gran variabilidad permitiendo inferir que, en función de tener una R H-T más favorable al componente hoja, C. ciliaris y S. leiantha tendrían mejor valor nutricional en plena floración, que C. gayana, T. crinita y A. adscencionis. Conocer la R H-T de una forrajera, puede orientar sobre el momento más adecuado para su consumo, el nivel de defoliación a aplicar durante el pastoreo y/o su lugar dentro de una secuencia de utilización en relación a otras especies de igual época de pastoreo.

Clobenzorex is a metabolic precursor of amphetamine indicated for the treatment of obesity. Amphetamines have been involved with cardiovascular side effects such as hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the direct application of 10–9–10–5 M clobenzorex on isolated phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings produces vascular effects, and if so, what mechanisms may be involved. Clobenzorex produced an immediate concentration-dependent vasorelaxant effect at the higher concentrations (10–7.5–10–5 M). The present outcome was not modified by 10–6 M atropine (an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors), 3.1×10–7 M glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker), 10–3 M 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; a voltage-activated K+ channel blocker), 10–5 M indomethacin (a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor), 10–5 M clotrimazole (a cytochrome P450 inhibitor) or 10–5 M cycloheximide (a general protein synthesis inhibitor). Contrarily, the clobenzorex-induced vasorelaxation was significantly attenuated (P<0.05) by 10–5 M L-NAME (a direct inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase), 10–7 M ODQ (an inhibitor of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase), 10–6 M KT 5823 (an inhibitor of protein kinase G), 10–2 M TEA (a Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker and non-specific voltage-activated K+ channel blocker) and 10–7 M apamin plus 10–7 M charybdotoxin (blockers of small- and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, respectively), and was blocked by 8×10–2 M potassium (a high concentration) and removal of the vascular endothelium. These results suggest that the direct vasorelaxant effect by clobenzorex on phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings involved stimulation of the NO/cGMP/PKG/Ca2+-activated K+ channel pathway.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of saline soils by sowing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.) cv. Callide at the east of the Plain Depressed of Tucuman and also at east and west of Santiago del Estero, through the measurement of halomorfism indicators parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and organic matter (OM). The study was carried out in a cattle farm located on the border between Leales Department (Tucuman Province) and Rio Hondo Department (Santiago del Estero Province), in the Depressed Saline Semiarid Plain. The sowing of Rhodes grass was carried out by broadcasting at a density of 8 kg/ha during the first half of march 1998 on 3 plots of 50 x 20 m (1000 m²). During the years of the experiment, the pasture was rationally managed with 3 grazing per campaign. Soil samples were obtained at the beginning (1998) and at the end (2010) of the experiment, using auger blade in each of the test sites at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. The percentages of pasture coverage, mulch, weeds and bare soil at the beginning of each cycle were measured by means of 10 m long transects (1 in each experimental plot). Results show a reduction in pH and EC towards the end of the experiment, at all depths evaluated. At the same time, a significant improvement is verified in soil OM content. The findings indicate that by incorporating biomass of Rhodes grass cv. Callide in halomorfism conditions, soil properties improved through a reduction in pH and EC values and that the contribution of plant residues due to the forage biomass produced, determine a significant increase in soil OM content.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la recuperación de suelos salinos mediante la implantación de Grama Rhodes (Chloris gayana Kunth.) cv. Callide en la Llanura Deprimida del este de Tucumán y el oeste de Santiago del Estero, a través de la medición de parámetros indicadores de halomorfismo como pH y conductividad eléctrica (CE) y de la materia orgánica (MO). El estudio se llevó a cabo en un establecimiento ganadero ubicado en el límite entre el Departamento Leales, Provincia de Tucumán y el Departamento Río Hondo, Provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina, ubicado en la Llanura Deprimida Salina Semiárida. La siembra de Grama Rhodes se efectuó al voleo con sembradora centrífuga a una densidad de 8 kg/ha, durante la primera quincena de marzo de 1998. Se sembraron 3 parcelas de 50 x 20 m (1000 m²). Durante los años que duró el experimento, la pastura se manejó racionalmente realizando 3 pastoreos por campaña. Se procedió a la obtención de muestras de suelo al inicio (año 1998) y al final (año 2010) del experimento, mediante el uso de barreno en cada uno de los sitios de ensayo a las profundidades de 0-20, 20-40 y 40-60 cm. Se relevaron a través de transectas de 10 m de largo (1 en cada parcela experimental), los porcentajes de cobertura de la pastura, el mantillo, las malezas y el suelo desnudo al inicio de cada ciclo de aprovechamiento. Los resultados muestran una reducción en los valores de pH y CE hacia el final del experimento, en todas las profundidades evaluadas. Al mismo tiempo, se verifica una mejora significativa en el contenido de MO del suelo. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que la incorporación de biomasa de Grama Rhodes cv. Callide en condiciones de halomorfismo, mejora las propiedades del suelo, a través de una reducción de sus valores de pH y CE y que el aporte de residuos vegetales debido a la biomasa forrajera producida, determina un incremento significativo de la MO del suelo.

The objective was to assess the rate of survival of young plants (during the first 3 years of life) of Prosopis alba (white carob) in different soil situations of the Rio Hondo Department, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. The trial was conducted under three conditions of soil: a) soils suitable for agriculture; b) saline soils without water table (electric conductivity 3.9 to 7 dS/m) and c) highly saline soils with saline-sodium water table (electric conductivity 17-22 dS/m). The white carob seedlings were planted in wells of 40 cm wide x 40 cm long x 60 cm deep, at the end of the rainy season (March-April). The distance was 5 m between rows and 3 m between plants, totaling a density of 660 saplings/ha. Plots of 50 x 9 m (4 for each of the 3 soil conditions specified in the objectives) were implanted, determining the survival rate of saplings by counting individuals with normal growth during the first 3 years of experiment. Data were analyzed with anlysis of variance for a complete randomized design and evaluating significant differences by means of Tukey´s test (α < 0,05). The performance of the saplings was strongly influenced by the presence/absence of saline water table. In both soils suitable for agriculture and saline without water table, P. alba had adequate development and a very low initial loss of plants; in saline-sodic soil saturation profile contribution of water table and rainwater prevented/difficult draw, they appeared under hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) in the root zone and most of the plants were affected severely, surviving at the third year, only 2% of the implanted initial density (660 seedlings/ha). We conclude that saplings survival of P. alba in soil salinity/sodicity values above 17 dS/m is significantly reduced from the first year of life; in the edafic conditions in agricultural soils and saline soils without water table, no significant reduction of saplings was found during all the study period.

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la tasa de sobrevivencia de ejemplares juveniles (durante los 3 primeros años de vida) de Prosopis alba (algarrobo blanco), en diferentes situaciones edáficas del Departamento Río Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. El ensayo se condujo bajo tres condiciones de suelo: a) suelos de aptitud agrícola; b) suelos salinos sin napa freática (conductividad eléctrica 3,9 a 7 dS/m) y c) suelos altamente salinos con presencia de napa freática salino-sódica (conductividad eléctrica 17 a 22 dS/m). Los plantines de algarrobo blanco fueron implantados en pozos de 40 cm de ancho x 40 cm de largo x 60 cm de profundidad, al final del período de lluvias (marzo-abril). El distanciamiento fue de 5 m entre filas y 3 m entre plantas, totalizando una densidad de 660 plantines/ha. Se instalaron parcelas de 50 x 9 m (4 por cada una de las 3 condiciones de suelo especificadas en los objetivos), determinándose el porcentaje de sobrevivencia de plantas mediante el conteo de ejemplares durante los 3 primeros años del experimento. Los datos se analizaron con análisis de varianza para un diseño completamente aleatorizado y las diferencias significativas se evaluaron mediante prueba de Tukey (α < 0,05). El desempeño de los plantines estuvo fuertemente influenciado por la presencia/ausencia de la napa freática salina. Tanto en los suelos de aptitud agrícola como en los salinos sin napa, los algarrobos tuvieron un adecuado desarrollo y una muy escasa pérdida inicial de plantas; en los suelos salino-sódicos con saturación del perfil por aporte de la napa freática y el agua de lluvia con drenaje impedido/dificultoso, aparecieron condiciones de hipoxia (déficit de oxígeno) en la zona radical y gran parte de las plantas fueron afectadas severamente, sobreviviendo al tercer año, sólo el 2 % de la densidad inicial implantada (660 plantines/ha). Se concluye que la sobrevivencia de plantines de P. alba en suelos con valores de salinidad/sodicidad superiores a 17 dS/m, se ve significativamente reducida a partir del primer año de vida. En las condiciones edáficas de suelos de aptitud agrícola y salinos sin napa no se encuentra reducción significativa de plantas durante todo el período de estudio.

The objective of this study was to determine the protein level of spring regrowth of Trichloris pluriflora Fourn. under various soil conditions and saline tenor in the Saline Semiarid Plain Depressed of Tucuman. The study was performed in a cattle ranch located in the southeast of the Leales Department, Tucumán Province, Argentina. To meet the objective we worked on a paddock of 60 hectares of monofitic pasture of T. pluriflora on three microenvironments or environmental conditions (CA) resulting from the change in the slope of the ground, the tenor of soil salinity and the level of water accumulation in the profile. For each CA, 4 samples were collected at random from 1 m² of T. pluriflora forages, separating components into green stems, green leaves, dry stalks, dry leaves and inflorescences, and proceeding to the drying oven at 65 °C to constant weight. The samples were analyzed by the Kjeldahl method to determine protein at two points within the period of spring regrowth: a) second half of September and b) mid-November. The results indicate that different levels of salt concentration and soil moisture determine variations in the protein content of plant components and that, throughout the period of spring regrowth, the components green leaves and green stalks of T. pluriflora, exceed the 6% minimum level of crude protein required for proper digestibility of food by grazer herbivores.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel proteico del rebrote de primavera de Trichloris pluriflora Fourn., bajo diferentes condiciones edáficas y de tenor salino en la Llanura Deprimida Salina Semiárida de Tucumán, Argentina. El estudio se realizó en un establecimiento ganadero ubicado al sureste del Departamento Leales, Provincia de Tucumán. Para cumplir con el objetivo se trabajó sobre un potrero de 60 hectáreas de un pastizal monofítico de T. pluriflora sobre el que se identificaron tres microambientes o condiciones ambientales (CA), resultantes de la variación de la pendiente del suelo, el tenor de salinidad edáfica y el nivel de acumulación de agua en el perfil. Para cada CA se recolectaron 4 muestras al azar de 1 m² de la forrajimasa de T. pluriflora, separándose los componentes tallos verdes, hojas verdes, tallos secos, hojas secas e inflorescencias. El material se secó en estufa a 65 ºC hasta peso constante. Las muestras obtenidas se analizaron por el método de Kjeldahl a fin de determinar su valor proteico en dos momentos dentro del período de rebrote de primavera: a) segunda quincena de setiembre y b) mediados de noviembre. Las conclusiones indican que diferentes niveles de concentración salina y humedad del suelo determinan variaciones en el contenido proteico de los componentes de la planta y que, durante todo el período de rebrote de primavera los componentes hojas verdes y tallos verdes de T. pluriflora superan el nivel mínimo de 6% de proteína bruta requerido para una adecuada digestibilidad del alimento por parte de los herbívoros en pastoreo.

La cobertura rápida y eficaz de las lesiones es un factor limitante en el tratamiento de grandes quemados. Los autoinjertos siguen siendo el tratamiento de elección pero no están exentos de riesgos. El uso de sustitutos de piel cultivada (SPC) puede llegar a reducir la morbilidad implícita en el uso de autoinjertos. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis comparativo de la morbilidad asociada al uso de queratinocitos y autoinjertos en pacientes tratados inicialmente con aloinjertos como cobertura temporal. Realizamos un análisis retrospectivo de morbilidad en 21 pacientes con una superficie corporal quemada (SCQ) mayor o igual al 40% en el Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid (España) entre 2011y 2015. Fueron divididos en 2 grupos según la cobertura definitiva utilizada: un primer grupo con sesiones de autoinjerto, y un segundo grupo con cultivos de queratinocitos y áreas menores de autoinjertos. Fueron 5 mujeres y 16 varones con media de edad de 40,38 años, SCQ del 60,43% y SCQ dérmico profunda-subdérmica del 59,05%. La media de cirugías necesarias en pacientes tratados con autoinjertos y SPC fue 5,36 y 6,7 respectivamente. La incidencia de sepsis fue 80 frente a 50%; el fracaso renal agudo del 63,6 frente al 50%; y de neumonía del 27.3 frente al 40%. Entre los pacientes que sobrevivieron la estancia media en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos fue de 66,16 frente a 50,6 días, la estancia media hospitalaria fue de 75,6 frente a 63,3 días y la media del número de trasfusiones fue de 75,6 frente a 63.3. La complicación del lecho quirúrgico en el grupo de autoinjertos fue del 63% frente al 0% en los tratados con queratinocitos, y las necesidades medias de noradrenalina fueron de 0,1 frente a 0,03 µg/kg/min. Los pacientes con lecho quirúrgico complicado tuvieron unos requerimientos medios de noradrenalina de 0,117 frente a 0,044 en pacientes con lecho quirúrgico no complicado. Como conclusión, los pacientes tratados con autoinjertos precisaron mayor aporte de drogas vasoactivas para mantener la presión de perfusión y tuvieron mayor incidencia de complicaciones del lecho quirúrgico. Los pacientes con lecho quirúrgico complicado tuvieron mayor aporte de noradrenalina durante su ingreso. El resto de variables analizadas fueron peores en los pacientes tratados solo con autoinjertos, aunque sin demostrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas.

Rapid and effective closure of full-thickness burn wounds is a limiting factor in severely burned patients. Autografts remain the treatment of choice, but not without risks. The use of cultured skin substitutes (CSS) can reduce morbidity implicit in the use of autografts. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the use of keratinocytes and autografts in patients who were initially treated with allograft as temporal coverage. We conduct a comparative retrospective analysis of morbidity in 21 patients with a total burned body surface area (TBSA) greater than or equal to 40% at the Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid (Spain), between 2011-2015. Two groups were collected: treated with autografts versus CSS+autografts. Patients included 5 women and 16 men with a mean age of 40,38, TBSA 60,43% and TBSA - Full-thickness of 59,05%. The average surgical interventions in patients treated with autograft and CSS was 5,36 and 6,7 respectively. The incidence of sepsis was 80 vs 50%; acute renal failure was 63,6 vs 50%; and 40 % vs 27,3 pneumonia. Among patients who survived the average Intensive Care Unit stay was 50,6 days vs 66,16, the average hospital stay was 75,6 vs 63,3 days and the average number of transfusions was 75,6 vs 63,3. The complication of surgical wound bed in the autograft group was 63% vs 0% in those treated with keratinocytes and the average needs of noradrenaline were 0,1 vs 0,03 ug/kg/min. Patients with complicated surgical wound bed had means noradrenaline requirements of 0,117 vs 0,044 in patients with epithelialized DS. In conclusion, patients treated with autograft were greater in contribution of vasoactive drugs to maintain perfusion pressure and had a higher incidence of complication of surgical wound bed. Patients with surgical wound bed complicated had higher intake of noradrenaline during admission. The remaining outcomes were worse in patients treated only with autografts , but not were shown statistically significant differences.

Abstract: Actually, lithium niobate (LiNbO3) has been used for optical wavelength conversion and ultrafast optical signal processing because of its outstanding rapid nonlinear optical response behavior, low switching power and broad conversion bandwidth. LiNbO3 nanoparticles, which belong to the ferroelectric oxide class, were synthesized by chemical reaction with wet chemistry. Their size distribution was centered around 200 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to further investigate the quality of the obtained LiNbO3 powders. The present work shows that by employing this chemical method the correct stoichiometric phase was obtained. This was corroborated by XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) results. Also, the nanoparticles showed a defined crystallinity and uniform morphology. This way of obtaining nanoparticles is innovative because of its low cost and simple way to reproduce it. It is an important method of increasing the surface area, controlling the phase purity and reducing the particle size distribution. The samples were obtained under low temperature annealing at 500, 650 and 800 ºC. Those features can be controlled using variables such temperature, time of synthesis, and calcination. In previous works it was found that hydrothermal methods offer many advantages over conventional ceramic synthesis methods.

Background: chronic diseases are responsible for 60% of deaths and 75% of spending on public health. There are few works on the prevalence of this type of pathology in prison. Objective: Describe the prevalence of chronic major diseases in the population and the major risk factors observed. Methods: Multicenter transversal descriptive study. The sample size was 1,170 people, who were selected through sampling stratified with simple allocation by strata among 9 prisons in the country. There were interviews and physical examinations between May and June 2013. Variables were collected: socio-demographic, diagnostic, anthropometric, clinical-analytical and risk factors. A descriptive and subsequent comparative analysis was carried out using non-parametric tests for quantitative variables using the Mann-Whitney test and a Ji-square test for categorical variables. Subsequently, binary logistic regression models to evaluate the influence of factors of risk in major pathologies. The manuscript was approved by the Ethics Committee for clinical research of the University General Hospital of Castellon. Results: 1 of every 2 inmates has some type of chronic disease out of the 1,077 participated (92.1). Median age of 37.4 years IQR (30.0 to 44.8). 95 males, 40.6 foreigners. Prevalence: dyslipidemias (34.8); arterial hypertension (17.8); Diabetes (5.3); asthma (4.6); COPD (2.2); ischaemic heart disease (1.8) and (1.5) cardio-circulatory pathologies. Main risk factors: smoking, obesity, abdominal fat distribution, consumption of cocaine and age. Conclusions: It would be interesting to establish early diagnosis, encourage giving up smoking, and physical activity and dietary advice to combat the major modifiable risk factors.

Fundamento: Las enfermedades crónicas son responsables del 60% de los fallecimientos y del 75% del gasto público sanitario mundial. Hay pocos trabajos sobre prevalencia de este tipo de patologías en prisión. Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de las principales enfermedades crónicas en nuestra población y de los principales factores de riesgo observados. Método: Estudio descriptivo trasversal multicéntrico. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 1.170 personas, se seleccionan por muestreo estratificado con afijación simple entre 9 centros penitenciarios de la geografía nacional. Se realizaron entrevistas y exploraciones físicas entre mayo y junio de 2013. Se recogieron variables: sociodemográficas, diagnósticas, antropométricas, clínico-analíticas y factores de riesgo. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y posteriormente comparativo mediante pruebas no paramétricas para las variables cuantitativas test de Mann-Whitney y para variables categóricas test de Ji-cuadrado. Posteriormente, modelos de regresión logística binaria para valorar la influencia de los factores de riesgo en las principales patologías. Se obtuvo la aprobación del Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica del Hospital General Universitario de Castellón. Resultados: 1 de cada 2 reclusos presentan algún tipo de patología crónica. Participaron 1.077 (92,1%). Mediana de edad 37,4 años IQR (30,0 a 44,8). 95% varones, 40,6% extranjeros. Prevalencias: dislipemias (34,8%); hipertensión arterial (17,8%); diabetes (5,3%); asma (4,6%); EPOC (2,2%); cardiopatías isquémicas (1,8%) y patologías cardio-circulatorias (1,5%). Principales factores de riesgo: tabaquismo, obesidad, distribución abdominal de grasa, consumo de cocaína y edad. Conclusiones: Sería interesante establecer diagnósticos precoces, así como potenciar el abandono del tabaco, la actividad física y el consejo dietético para combatir los principales factores de riesgo modificables.