Abstract: The clay fraction of earthen plasters is the part responsible for the acquisition of cohesion and adherence that they possess against deterioration factors. Adherence is the property responsible for keeping the plaster together with the wall and is influenced by the percentage content of clay as well as by its mineralogy and the heterogeneity of minerals that may be present. However, it is still unknown in depth how clay minerals perform in the adherent properties of earthen plasters when the composition is heterogeneous in the material. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of the mineralogical complexity of clay mineralogy in the variability of the adherence of earth plasters. To evaluate the variability, considering that the mineralogy of the soils depends directly on the place and the formation processes, eight soils from Tucumán (Argentina) corresponding to different physiographic units were analyzed. A methodology was designed for sample preparation that allows soils to be compared through adhesion tests. They were characterized by XRD to determine their mineralogical composition and by the hydrometric method to determine their granulometry. To evaluate the adherence of mixtures made with the respective soils, it was proposed in the first instance to compensate the granulometry of the soils to equate them and, once the plasters were made, this property was evaluated through shear and pull-off tests. The results showed that they allowed us to identify that the soils presented a pattern of mineralogical composition common to all the physiographic units, made up of the Ill and K pair, the former being predominant. For this pattern, it was observed in particular that there is a positive correlation between the increase in Ill content with the increase in the adhesive strength of the plasters. Clay minerals from the Sm group also contribute to the increase in adherence when the percentage is greater than or equal to 11%. On the contrary, K and Cl do not influence the increase in adhesive strength

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some factors on carcass traits and the phenotypic correlations between them. Records from 514 Simmental and 178 Simbrah bovine individuals born in Mexico between 2011 and 2018 were used. The variables evaluated were rib eye area (AOL), rump fat thickness (GC), back fat thickness (GD), adjusted intramuscular fat (GI), marbling (M) and carcass yield grade (R). Adjusted means and phenotypic correlations between traits were estimated with PROC MIXED and PROC CORR of SAS®. The fixed effects included in the models were breed, sex of the animal, herd, year of measurement, season of measurement, and age in days at measurement as a covariate; sire nested in breed was included as a random effect. The effect of breed was significan for GC (p<0.001), R (p<0.07) and GD (p<0.07). The effects of sex and season were significant (p<0.001) for all the evaluated traits. The correlations of AOL with all other traits were significant (p<0.001); negative with GI and M; and positive with GC, GD, and R. The correlations of GC with GD and R were important and positive (p<0.001). Selecting phenotypes to increase lean meat can lead to a decreased fat content. The positive phenotypic correlations between R and carcass quality traits would imply that the aforementioned traits can be improved without any adverse effects on them and R in the population.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de algunos factores en características de la canal y las correlaciones fenotípicas entre ellas. Se utilizó la información de registro de 514 bovinos Simmental y 178 Simbrah nacidos entre 2011 y 2018 en México. Las características evaluadas fueron área del ojo del lomo (AOL), grasa de la cadera (GC), grasa dorsal (GD), grasa intramuscular ajustada (GI), marmoleo (M) y grado de rendimiento en canal (R). Las medias ajustadas y las correlaciones fenotípicas entre características se estimaron con PROC MIXED y PROC CORR de SAS®. Los efectos fijos incluidos en los modelos fueron: raza, sexo del animal, hato, año de medición, época de medición y edad en días a la medición como covariable lineal; se incluyó al semental anidado en raza como efecto aleatorio. El efecto de raza fue significativo para GC (p<0,001), R (p<0,07) y GD (p<0,07). Los efectos de sexo y época fueron significativos (p<0,001) para todas las características evaluadas. Las correlaciones de AOL con las otras características estudiadas fueron significativas (p<0,001); negativas con GI y M; y positivas con GC, GD y R. Las correlaciones de GC con GD y R fueron importantes y positivas (p<0,001). La selección de fenotipos para aumentar la carne magra puede conducir a una disminución del contenido de grasa. Las correlaciones fenotípicas positivas entre R y los rasgos de calidad de la canal implicarían que los rasgos mencionados pueden mejorarse sin ningún efecto adverso en éstos y R en la población.

Abstract Objective: In this study, a comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties of Cention N and other direct restorative materials was performed. Three restorative materials—a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), an alkasite-based resinous material (Cention N), and a resin composite (Tetric N Ceram)—were characterized in terms of degree of conversion, Knoop hardness number (KHN) ratio, flexural strength, elastic modulus, water sorption, water solubility, microshear bond strength to dentin, immediate microleakage, and radiopacity. Methodology: The microshear bond strength to dentin and microleakage of Cention N were evaluated with and without the application of an adhesive system (Tetric N Bond Universal). A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the data in terms of degree of conversion, KHN ratio, water sorption, water solubility, microshear bond strength to dentin, and radiopacity. A two-way ANOVA test (carried out considering the material type and ethanol aging as factors) was used to analyze the data in terms of flexural strength and elastic modulus. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to statistically analyze the data on microleakage. A significance level of α=0.05 was used for all tests. Results: Fuji II LC was found to have the highest degree of conversion, water sorption, and microleakage, as well as the lowest flexural strength. Cention N had the highest solubility; when used with an adhesive system, it achieved bond strength and microleakage similar to those of the Tetric N Ceram composite. Tetric N Ceram had the highest degree of conversion, KHN ratio, and radiopacity. Conclusion: The properties of Cention N validate its efficacy as an alternative direct restorative material when used in conjunction with an adhesive system.

ABSTRACT This research aims to show the cognitive constraints experienced by resulting from financial concerns and problems. A case study was conducted involving eight individuals living in different Colombian cities, who got into debt and faced an insolvency process. The results obtained are consistent with the theoretical-empirical framework proposed by Mullainathan and Shafir (2013), regarding the cognitive strain experienced by individuals with feeling of scarcity. This work contributes to the existing empirical literature and represents a first step toward the existence of a debt illiquidity trap that drives debtors to perpetuate their critical financial situation.

RESUMEN La presente investigación pretende demostrar la existencia de un agotamiento de la función cognitiva de los deudores producto de un acaparamiento de su atención respecto de las preocupaciones y problemas financieros. Con ese fin, se entrevistaron ocho personas residentes en tres ciudades colombianas que padecieron un escenario de endeudamiento problemático y se sometieron al trámite de insolvencia. Los resultados obtenidos resultan consistentes con la propuesta teórica-empírica de Mullainathan y Shafir (2013) acerca del desgaste cognitivo de las personas con sensación de escasez. Este documento contribuye al trabajo empírico desarrollado por la literatura hasta la fecha y representa un primer paso hacia la existencia de una trampa de iliquidez por deuda que lleva a los deudores a perpetuar su situación financiera crítica.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa visa demonstrar a existência de um esgotamento da função cognitiva dos devedores como resultado de uma concentração de sua atenção em preocupações e problemas financeiros. Para tanto, o caso de oito pessoas residentes em três cidades colombianas que sofreram um cenário de endividamento problemático e passaram por um processo de insolvência foi estudado por meio de entrevistas. Os resultados obtidos são consistentes com a proposta teórico-empírica de Mullainathan e Shafir (2013) sobre o desgaste cognitivo de pessoas com sensação de escassez. Este trabalho contribui para a literatura empírica existente e representa um primeiro passo em direção à existência de uma armadilha de iliquidez da dívida que leva os devedores a perpetuar sua situação financeira crítica.

ABSTRACT It is estimated that lymphatic malformations in children account for 6% of all benign vascular malformations. New medical therapies have been developed for the management of lymphatic orbital disease. The purpose of this article was to describe a clinical case of orbital venolymphatic malformation in a 10-year-old boy, causing proptosis and palpebral edema. The lesion was initially treated with local sclerotherapy. However, the lesion relapsed, and was successfully treated with oral sirolimus. Prospective studies are warranted to determine the appropriate dose and extend the indications of sirolimus in these patients.

RESUMO A incidência de malformações linfáticas em crianças é estimada em 6% de todas as malformações vasculares benignas. Têm sido desenvolvidos novos tratamento para doenças linfáticas orbitárias. Nosso objetivo é descrever um caso clínico de malformação venolinfática orbitária em um menino de 10 anos de idade, causando proptose e edema palpebral. A lesão foi tratada inicialmente com escleroterapia local. No entanto, a lesão teve recidiva e foi tratada com sucesso com sirolimo oral. Ainda são necessários estudos prospectivos para estabelecer a dose apropriada e a duração do tratamento com sirolimo nesses pacientes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Medir el desempeño de las actividades científicas y de innovación a través de las auditorías, obedece a la escasa disponibilidad de recursos y a la consecuente necesidad de concursar por ellos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de las auditorias de calidad y académicas sobre los costos de evaluación en el proceso Gestión de la Innovación en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación científica, explicativa, que se fundamenta en el paradigma mixto, donde se aplicó el procedimiento para el cálculo de los costos de la calidad. Resultados: Se observó una disminución en los costos de prevención, de un 53 % a un 50 %. No así en los costos de evaluación, donde ascendieron de un 15 % a 31 %, por concepto de gastos incurridos en los procesos de auditorías. Conclusiones: El empleo de las auditorias académicas y de calidad como herramientas de control induce a un incremento en los costos de evaluación de la calidad, lo que favorece una mayor eficiencia en los resultados del proceso de gestión de la innovación de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Measuring the performance of scientific and innovation activities through audits, is due to the limited availability of resources and the consequent need to compete for them. Objective: To assess the impact of quality and academic audits on evaluation costs in the Innovation Management process at the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: A scientific, explanatory investigation was carried out, based on the mixed paradigm, where the procedure for the calculation of quality costs was applied. Results: A decrease in prevention costs was observed, from 53% to 50%. Not so in the evaluation costs where they rose from 15% to 31% due to expenses incurred in the audit processes. Conclusions: The use of academic and quality audits as control tools induces an increase in the costs of quality evaluation, which favors greater efficiency in the results of the innovation management process of the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences.

RESUMEN Introducción: La impresión tridimensional es una de las tecnologías que promueve el cambio a nivel económico y social, y uno de los elementos fundamentales de la industria 4.0. Asimismo, constituye un enorme potencial para el futuro de la medicina, estableciéndose como un nuevo paradigma. A pesar de sus ventajas, su explotación en nuestro medio es incipiente. Objetivos: Diseñar y desarrollar soluciones basadas en tecnologías tridimensionales para la enseñanza y la práctica de las ciencias biomédicas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación colaborativa, de desarrollo tecnológico entre el Centro de Fabricación Asistida y Sostenible de la Universidad de Matanzas y la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, entre septiembre de 2019 y julio de 2022. Los diseños y fabricaciones se realizaron a partir de la adquisición de imágenes de tomografía computarizada, o desde un escáner de superficie, las que luego se procesaron, se convirtieron en formato Standard Tessellation Language, se imprimieron y posprocesaron. Los diseños virtuales se desarrollaron empleando un software de diseño asistido por computadora. Resultados: Se desarrollaron varias soluciones que incluyen varios prototipos: biomodelos para reparación de craneosinostosis y figuras anatómicas, molde de prótesis craneal personalizada, prótesis de mano, divisores de líneas de O2, andamios tisulares, pistola portajeringas, protectores faciales, prótesis de mama, molde para restauración autóloga y expansor tisular. Conclusiones: En todas las áreas de aplicación de esta tecnología en medicina―salvo en la impresión de medicamentos, en el contexto actual―, es factible obtener soluciones en el territorio de Matanzas. Es un imperativo, pues, que directivos y la comunidad médica en general, comiencen a adquirir conciencia, conocimientos y experiencias para garantizar la utilización óptima de esta tecnología.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Three-dimensional printing is one of the technologies that promote change at an economic and social level, and one of the fundamental elements of industry 4.0. It has enormous potential for the future of medicine, establishing itself as a new paradigm. Despite its advantages, its use in our environment is incipient. Objective: To design and develop solutions based on three-dimensional technologies for the teaching and practice of biomedical sciences. Materials and methods: A technological development investigation was carried out between the Center for Assisted and Sustainable Manufacturing of the University of Matanzas and Matanzas University of Medical Sciences, between September 2019 and July 2022. The designs and fabrications were made from the acquisition of computed tomography images, or from a surface scanner, which were then processed, converted into Standard Tessellation Language format, printed, and post-processed. Virtual designs were developed using computer-aided design software. Results: Various solutions were developed including prototypes: biomodels for craniosynostosis repair and anatomical figures, custom cranial prosthesis mold, hand prosthesis, O2 line splitters, tissue scaffolds, syringe gun, face shields, breast prosthesis; autologous restoration mold and tissue expander. Conclusions: In all areas of application of this technology in medicine―except the printing of medicines, in the current context―, it is feasible to obtain solutions in the territory of Matanzas. It is therefore imperative that managers and the medical community in general, begin to acquire awareness, knowledge, and experience to ensure the optimal use of this technology.

Resumen Objetivo. Comparar la estabilidad dimensional de un hidrocoloide irreversible de vaciado convencional con hidrocoloides irreversibles de vaciado extendido. Metodología. Fueron evaluados cuatro productos con indicación de vaciado extendido: Jeltrate Plus (Denstply Sirona), Hydrogum 5 (Zhermack SpA), Algimax (Major), Kromopan (Lascod) y un producto de vaciado convencional (Tropicalgin; Zhermack SpA). Con cada producto se realizaron 10 impresiones y se vaciaron en yeso tipo III en cinco tiempos de almacenamiento diferentes (0, 24, 96, 120 y 168 horas). Un escáner para modelos tridimensionales se utilizó para digitalizar los modelos de yeso y realizar las mediciones correspondientes: sumatoria de las longitudes, variabilidad dimensional, porcentaje de variabilidad. Resultados. Las cinco marcas comerciales presentaron una sumatoria de longitudes mayor al grupo control (p<0,033). A las 0, 24 y 96h Tropicalgin e Hydrogum 5 presentaron significativamente menor variación dimensional en comparación con el modelo maestro (p<0,001). Los porcentajes de variabilidad oscilaron entre un 0.24 a 0.91%. Conclusiones. La estabilidad dimensional depende del producto utilizado. Almacenado correctamente, el hidrocoloide irreversible de vaciado convencional parece no sufrir alteraciones significativas hasta 96h, mientras que en el caso de Hydrogum 5 parece mantener su estabilidad dimensional hasta 168h.

Abstract Aim . Compare the dimensional stability of a conventional pouring irreversible hydrocolloid with extended pouring irreversible hydrocolloids. Methodology. Four products with extended emptying indication were evaluated: Jeltrate Plus (Denstply Sirona), Hydrogum 5 (Zhermack SpA), Algimax (Major), Kromopan (Lascod) and a conventional emptying product (Tropicalgin; Zhermack SpA). For each product, 10 impressions were made and cast in type III plaster at five different storage times (0, 24, 96, 120 and 168 hours). A three-dimensional model scanner was used to digitize the plaster models and make the corresponding measurements: sum of lengths, dimensional variability, percentage of variability. Results . The five commercial brands presented a greater sum of lengths than the control group (p<0,033). At 0, 24 and 96h Tropicalgin and Hydrogum 5 presented significantly less dimensional variation compared to the master model (p<0,001). The variability percentages ranged from 0.24 to 0.91%. Conclusions. Dimensional stability depends on the product used. Stored correctly, the conventionally cast irreversible hydrocolloid appears not to undergo significant alterations up to 96h, while in the case of Hydrogum 5 it appears to maintain its dimensional stability up to 168h.

Resumo. Objetivo. Comparar a estabilidade dimensional de um hidrocolóide irreversível de vazamento convencional com hidrocolóides irreversíveis de vazamento prolongado. Metodologia. Foram avaliados quatro produtos com indicação de vazamento estendido: Jeltrate Plus (Denstply Sirona), Hydrogum 5 (Zhermack SpA), Algimax (Major), Kromopan (Lascod) e um produto de vaziamento convencional (Tropicalgin; Zhermack SpA). Para cada produto foram feitas 10 impressões e vazadas em gesso tipo III em cinco tempos de armazenamento diferentes (0, 24, 96, 120 e 168 horas). Um scanner de modelos tridimensionais foi utilizado para digitalizar os modelos de gesso e fazer as medições correspondentes: soma dos comprimentos, variabilidade dimensional, percentagem de variabilidade. Resultados. As cinco marcas comerciais apresentaram somatório de comprimentos maior que o grupo controle (p<0,033). Nos tempos 0, 24 e 96h Tropicalgin e Hydrogum 5 apresentaram variação dimensional significativamente menor em comparação ao modelo Mestre (p<0,001). Os percentuais de variabilidade variaram de 0,24 a 0,91%. Conclusões. A estabilidade dimensional depende do produto utilizado. Armazenado corretamente, o hidrocolóide irreversível de vaziamento convencional convencionalmente parece não sofrer alterações significativas até 96h, enquanto no caso do Hydrogum 5 parece manter sua estabilidade dimensional até 168h.

Resumen Introducción. La rentabilidad del sistema de doble propósito (SDP) está afectada por baja eficiencia productiva y altos costos de producción generados en el manejo tradicional. Estudios en función de la reducción de costos e incremento de los ingresos, podría sugerir estrategias para mejorar la eficiencia económica. Objetivo. Determinar la eficiencia técnica y rentabilidad de tres alternativas de producción del SDP bovino en Meta, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante el periodo 2016-2017, en una finca del departamento de Meta, Colombia. Se seleccionaron 72 vacas Bos taurus x Bos indicus, que iniciaban lactancia, alimentadas bajo pastoreo, las vacas seleccionadas y sus crías se distribuyeron en tres grupos: alternativa 1 (MA1): ordeño dos veces por semana hasta el destete a 100 días, alternativa 2 (MA2): ordeño dos veces por semana hasta el destete a 240 días y alternativa 3 (MT): ordeño diario (tradicional), hasta el destete a 240 días. En los terneros se midió el peso al nacimiento y a los 252 días de vida (P252), y se estimó la ganancia de peso diaria (GPD). En las vacas se midió la tasa de terneros nacidos por vaca/año (TN) y la leche producida por lactancia (LPL). Para el análisis económico, los resultados en cada tratamiento se proyectaron para un pie de cría de 100 vacas. Resultados. El P252 y la GPD de los grupos MA1 (189,30 kg; 0,64 kg/animal/día) y MA2 (186,10 kg; 0,63 kg/animal/día) fue similar (p>0,05), pero superiores (p<0,05) a los del MT (155,10 kg; 0,54 kg/animal/día). La TN fue mayor para MA1 (0,84 terneros/vaca/año), seguida por la del MA2 (0,74 terneros/vaca/año) y MT (0,68 terneros/vaca/año). La LPL fue de 1204,36 kg para MT, 303,74 kg para MA2 y 158,75 kg para MA1. La rentabilidad de MA1 superó en 9,5 y 9,2 % a MA2 y MT, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El ordeño dos veces por semana hasta el destete (MA1) reflejó mayor eficiencia económica por efecto del incremento en la tasa de terneros nacidos por vaca/año (TN) y disminución en los costos de producción.

Abstract Introduction. The profitability of the dual-purpose system (DPS) is affected by low production efficiency and high production costs generated in traditional management. Studies based on the reduction of expenses and increase of income, could suggest strategies to improve economic efficiency. Objective. Determine the technical and profitable efficiency of three production alternatives for bovine DPS in Meta, Colombia. Materials and methods. The study was conducted during 2016-2017, on a farm in the department of Meta, Colombia. Seventy-two Bos taurus x Bos indicus cows were selected, starting lactation, fed under grazing, during the period 2016-2017, in a farm in Meta, Colombia. The selected cows and their calves were distributed in three groups; alternative 1 (MA1): milking 2 times a week until weaning at 100 days, alternative 2 (MA2): milking 2 times a week until weaning at 240 days, and traditional (MT): milking daily (traditional) until weaning at 240 days. In the calves, the weight at birth and at 252 days of age (W252) were measured, and the daily weight gain (DWG) was estimated. In the cows, the birth rate (BR) and the milk produced per lactation (MPL) were measured. The productive response fed the economic analysis projected for a breeding stock of 100 cows. Results. The W252 and DWG between MA1 (189.30 kg; 0.64 kg/animal/day) and MA2 (186.10 kg; 0.63 kg/animal/day) groups were similar (P>0.05), but higher (p<0.05) than those of the MT (155.10 kg; 0.54 kg/animal/day). BR presented the highest benefit for MA1 (0.84 calves/cow/year), followed by MA2 (0.74 calves/cow/year), and MT (0.68 calves/cow/year). The MPL was 1204.36 kg for MT, 303.74 kg for MA2 and 158.75 kg for MA1. MA1's profitability outperformed MA2 and MT by 9.5 and 9.2 %, respectively. Conclusions. The MA1 reflected the greater economic efficiency mainly due to the effect of the increase in the BR and the decrease in production costs.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre los estilos de vida y factores de riesgo para la salud que pueden suponer un abandono prematuro del trabajo, con los años de discapacidad sobrevenida estimados (ADSE) en población laboral, y calcular la correlación entre el Índice de Capacidad Laboral (ICL) y el Work Ability Score (WAS), y ambos con los ADSE y su coste económico. Métodos: Estudio transversal en una muestra de trabajadores a los que se realizó un examen de salud. La información se recogió mediante los cuestionarios ICL y WAS, y la metodología PoRT-9LSQ. Se realizó un análisis de la asociación entre los factores de riesgo analizados y los ADSE mediante regresión lineal y análisis de la varianza (ANOVA). Se analizó la correlación entre ICL y WAS usando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI), y con los ADSE y su coste económico mediante regresión lineal ajustada. Resultados: Se incluyeron 590 trabajadores. Los factores que más influyeron en la media de ADSE fueron el sedentarismo, la mala alimentación y el sobrepeso/obesidad, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas según sexo, turno y ocupación (p<0,05). El CCI entre ICL y WAS fue del 93,0% para una valoración excelente/buena. La regresión lineal ajustada entre ICL y los ADSE fue de 7,982-0,136xICL (p<0,05), siendo similar para el WAS. Conclusiones: El ICL se ha mostrado útil para la predictibilidad de los ADSE en población laboral, lo que facilitará la toma de decisiones del personal sanitario para identificar personas vulnerables favoreciendo cambios en los estilos de vida y el autocuidado.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between lifestyles and health risk factors that can lead to prematurely leaving work, with the expected Years Lived with Disability (AYLD) in a working population, and to calculate the correlation between the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Work Ability Score (WAS), and then both of these with the AYLD and its economic cost. Methods: A cross-sectional study in a sample of workers who underwent a health examination. The information was collected using the ICL and WAS questionnaires, applying the PoRT-9LSQ methodology. Linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the association between the risk factors and AYLD. The correlation between WAI and WAS was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and then between each of these the AYLD and its economic cost using adjusted linear regression. Results: A total of 590 workers were included. Factors that most influenced the average AYLD were a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and overweight/obesity, with statistically significant differences according to sex, shift, and occupation (p<0.05). An ICC of 93.0% was found between ICL and WAS, a good/excellent rating. The adjusted linear regression between ICL and ADSE was 7.982-0.136xICL (p<0.05), and was similar for WAS. Conclusions: The WAI is useful for predicting AYLD in the working population. This can facilitate decisionmaking by health personnel to identify vulnerable people, encouraging changes in lifestyle and self-care.

Resumen El cruzamiento permite aprovechar las diferencias genéticas aditivas entre razas, también permiten hacer uso de la heterosis y de la complementariedad. Por lo tanto, se necesita generar información de la eficacia de las cruzas en comparación con las razas puras, bajo las condiciones de interés. El objetivo fue cuantificar el impacto de los efectos genéticos aditivos y no aditivo para días a primer estro (DPE), días a primer servicio (DPS), días abiertos (DA), servicios por concepción (SPC), intervalo entre partos (IP) y duración de la gestación (DG). Se utilizó la información productiva y genealógica de hembras provenientes de un dialelo entre Holstein (HO) y Suizo Pardo (SP), un total de 148 vacas de las razas HO (n=43), SP (n=64) y sus cruzas reciprocas HO-SP (n=20) y SP-HO (n=21). Se utilizaron contrastes para estimar la heterosis individual y las diferencias entre los efectos genéticos directos y entre los efectos genéticos maternos con base en los modelos de Dickerson. Los resultados mostraron que la heterosis y las diferencias entre los efectos maternos no fueron significativos (P>0.05) para ninguna de las características estudiadas. Las diferencias entre efectos genéticos directos solo fueron importantes (P<0.05) para SPC y DG. En conclusión, la heterosis generada por el cruzamiento entre HO y SP no influyó sobre la eficiencia reproductiva de las hembras. Los efectos maternos no fueron diferentes entre HO y SP. Los efectos genéticos directos para SPC y DG favorecieron a la raza SP.

Abstract Crossbreeding allows taking advantage of additive genetic differences between breeds, they also allow making use of heterosis and complementarity. Therefore, it is necessary to generate information on the efficacy of crosses compared to pure breeds under the conditions of interest. The objective was to quantify the impact of additive and non-additive genetic effects for days to first estrus (DFE), days to first service (DFS), days open (DO), services per conception (SPC), calving interval (CI) and gestation length (GL). The productive and genealogical information of females from a diallel between Holstein (HO) and Brown Swiss (BS), a total of 148 cows of the breeds HO (n=43), BS (n=64) and their reciprocal crosses HO-BS (n=20) and BS-HO (n=21), was used. Contrasts were used to estimate individual heterosis and differences between direct genetic effects and between maternal genetic effects based on Dickerson models. The results showed that heterosis and differences between maternal effects were not significant (P>0.05) for any of the traits studied. Differences between direct genetic effects were only important (P<0.05) for SPC and GL. In conclusion, the heterosis generated by the crossbreeding between HO and BS did not influence the reproductive efficiency of females. Maternal effects were not different between HO and BS. Direct genetic effects for SPC and GL favored the BS breed.