Objective: To analyze vaccination coverage of children under one year old in Roraima, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017, and to expose the perceptions of health professionals, regarding the barriers that influence the achievement of better vaccination coverage, 2017. Methods: Descriptive study that analyzed vaccination coverage for bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG), rotavirus, poliomyelitis, yellow fever, pentavalent, meningococcal C conjugate and pneumococcal 10 Valiant, based on data from immunization information systems. The barriers perceived by the professionals were measured by a questionnaire based on the Likert scale by interview or self-application. Results: The largest coverage was from BCG (146.1%) in 2014; and the lowest, Rotavirus (70.4%) in 2013. The main barrier (56/100) identified by professionals working in the program (100 respondents) for better coverage was the difficulty of accessing the internet. Conclusion: Low vaccination coverage reflects the influence of barriers to access vaccination.

Objetivo: Analisar as coberturas vacinais de crianças menores de um ano em Roraima, Brasil, entre 2013 e 2017, e expor as percepções dos profissionais de saúde quanto às barreiras que influenciam no alcance de elevadas coberturas vacinais do estado em 2017. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, analisou as coberturas vacinais para bacilo de Calmette e Guérin (BCG), rotavírus, poliomielite, febre amarela, pentavalente, meningocócica conjugada C e pneumocócica 10-valente, baseado em dados dos sistemas de informações de imunizações. As barreiras percebidas pelos profissionais foram mensuradas por questionário com respostas em escala de Likert. Resultados: A maior cobertura foi da BCG (146,1%) em 2014; e a mais baixa, da vacina contra o rotavírus (70,4%) em 2013. A principal barreira (56/100) identificada pelos profissionais atuantes no programa (100 respondentes) para melhores coberturas foi a dificuldade de acesso à internet. Conclusão: As baixas coberturas vacinais refletem a influência das barreiras de acesso a vacinação.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of sympathectomy on the myocardium in an experimental model. METHODS: The study evaluated three groups of male Wistar rats: control (CT; n=15), left unilateral sympathectomy (UNI; n=15), and bilateral sympathectomy (BIL; n=31). Sympathectomy was performed by injection of absolute alcohol into the space of the spinous process of the C7 vertebra. After 6 weeks, we assessed the chronotropic properties at rest and stress, cardiovascular autonomic modulation, myocardial and peripheral catecholamines, and beta-adrenergic receptors in the myocardium. The treadmill test consisted of an escalated protocol with a velocity increment until the maximal velocity tolerated by the animal was reached. RESULTS: The bilateral group had higher levels of peripheral catecholamines, and consequently, a higher heart rate (HR) and blood pressure levels. This suggests that the activation of a compensatory pathway in this group may have deleterious effects. The BIL group had basal tachycardia immediately before the exercise test and increased tachycardia at peak exercise (p<0.01); the blood pressure had the same pattern (p=0.0365). The variables related to autonomic modulation were not significantly different between groups, with the exception of the high frequency (HF) variable, which showed significant differences in CT vs UNI. There was no significant difference in beta receptor expression between groups. There was a higher concentration of peripheral norepinephrine in the BIL group (p=0.0001), and no significant difference in myocardial norepinephrine (p=0.09). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that an extra cardiac compensatory pathway increases the sympathetic tonus and maintains a higher HR and higher levels of peripheral catecholamines in the procedure groups. The increase in HF activity can be interpreted as an attempt to increase the parasympathetic tonus to balance the greater sympathetic activity.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as coberturas vacinais de crianças menores de 1 ano em Roraima, Brasil, entre 2013 e 2017, e expor as percepções dos profissionais de saúde quanto às barreiras que influenciaram no alcance de elevadas coberturas vacinais do estado em 2017. Métodos: Estudo descritivo que analisou as coberturas vacinais para bacilo de Calmette e Guérin (BCG), rotavírus, poliomielite, febre amarela, pentavalente, meningocócica conjugada C e pneumocócica 10-valente, baseado em dados dos sistemas de informações de imunizações. As barreiras percebidas pelos profissionais foram mensuradas por questionário com respostas em escala de Likert. Resultados: A maior cobertura foi da BCG (146,1%) em 2014; e a mais baixa, da vacina contra o rotavírus (70,4%) em 2013. A principal barreira (56/100) identificada pelos profissionais atuantes no programa (100 respondentes) para melhores coberturas foi a dificuldade de acesso à internet. Conclusão: As baixas coberturas vacinais refletem a influência das barreiras de acesso a vacinação.

Abstract Objective: To analyze vaccination coverage of children under 1 year old in the State of Roraima, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017, and show health professionals’ perception, regarding the barriers that influence the achievement of higher vaccination coverage, 2017. Methods: This was a descriptive study that analyzed vaccination coverage for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), rotavirus, poliomyelitis, yellow fever, pentavalent, meningococcal C conjugate and 10-valent pneumococcal, based on data from immunization information systems. The barriers identified by the professionals were measured by a questionnaire with Likert scale answer options. Results: BCG had the highest coverage (146.1%) in 2014; while Rotavirus had the lowest (70.4%) in 2013. Difficulty in accessing the internet was the main barrier (56/100) to better coverage identified by professionals working in the program (100 respondents). Conclusion: Low vaccination coverage reflects the influence of barriers to accessing vaccination.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la cobertura de vacunación de los menores de un año en Roraima, Brasil, entre 2013 y 2017, y exponer las percepciones de los profesionales, sobre las barreras que influyen en el logro de una mejor cobertura, en 2017. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo que analizó las coberturas para el bacilo de Calmette y Guérin (BCG), rotavirus, poliomielitis, fiebre amarilla, pentavalente, meningococo C conjugado y neumocócica 10 valente, basado en datos de los sistemas de información de inmunizaciones. Las barreras percibidas por los profesionales se midieron en un cuestionario basado en la escala Likert, por entrevista o autoaplicación. Resultados: La mayor cobertura fue de BCG (146,1%) en 2014; y la más baja, de rotavirus (70,4%) en 2013. La principal barrera (56/100) identificada por los profesionales que trabajan en el programa (100 participantes) para una mejor cobertura fue la dificultad de acceso a la internet. Conclusión: La baja cobertura de vacunación refleja la influencia de las barreras para acceder a la vacunación.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as coberturas vacinais de crianças menores de 1 ano em Roraima, Brasil, entre 2013 e 2017, e expor as percepções dos profissionais de saúde quanto às barreiras que influenciaram no alcance de elevadas coberturas vacinais do estado em 2017. Métodos: Estudo descritivo que analisou as coberturas vacinais para bacilo de Calmette e Guérin (BCG), rotavírus, poliomielite, febre amarela, pentavalente, meningocócica conjugada C e pneumocócica 10-valente, baseado em dados dos sistemas de informações de imunizações. As barreiras percebidas pelos profissionais foram mensuradas por questionário com respostas em escala de Likert. Resultados: A maior cobertura foi da BCG (146,1%) em 2014; e a mais baixa, da vacina contra o rotavírus (70,4%) em 2013. A principal barreira (56/100) identificada pelos profissionais atuantes no programa (100 respondentes) para melhores coberturas foi a dificuldade de acesso à internet. Conclusão: As baixas coberturas vacinais refletem a influência das barreiras de acesso a vacinação.

Abstract Objective: To analyze vaccination coverage of children under 1 year old in the State of Roraima, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017, and show health professionals’ perception, regarding the barriers that influence the achievement of higher vaccination coverage, 2017. Methods: This was a descriptive study that analyzed vaccination coverage for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), rotavirus, poliomyelitis, yellow fever, pentavalent, meningococcal C conjugate and 10-valent pneumococcal, based on data from immunization information systems. The barriers identified by the professionals were measured by a questionnaire with Likert scale answer options. Results: BCG had the highest coverage (146.1%) in 2014; while Rotavirus had the lowest (70.4%) in 2013. Difficulty in accessing the internet was the main barrier (56/100) to better coverage identified by professionals working in the program (100 respondents). Conclusion: Low vaccination coverage reflects the influence of barriers to accessing vaccination.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la cobertura de vacunación de los menores de un año en Roraima, Brasil, entre 2013 y 2017, y exponer las percepciones de los profesionales, sobre las barreras que influyen en el logro de una mejor cobertura, en 2017. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo que analizó las coberturas para el bacilo de Calmette y Guérin (BCG), rotavirus, poliomielitis, fiebre amarilla, pentavalente, meningococo C conjugado y neumocócica 10 valente, basado en datos de los sistemas de información de inmunizaciones. Las barreras percibidas por los profesionales se midieron en un cuestionario basado en la escala Likert, por entrevista o autoaplicación. Resultados: La mayor cobertura fue de BCG (146,1%) en 2014; y la más baja, de rotavirus (70,4%) en 2013. La principal barrera (56/100) identificada por los profesionales que trabajan en el programa (100 participantes) para una mejor cobertura fue la dificultad de acceso a la internet. Conclusión: La baja cobertura de vacunación refleja la influencia de las barreras para acceder a la vacunación.