Abstract. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) has been investigated as an alternative treatment technique for the remediation of real textile effluents containing a single dye and a trichromy of Remazol Yellow 3RS (RY 3RS), Remazol Red RR Gran (RR-RR Gran) and Navy Blue CL-R (NB CL-R) dyes, using a parallel plate flow reactor equipped with Ti/Pt or Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb electrocatalytic materials and Ti as cathode. The influence of the anode material and applied current densities on decolourization, organic matter decrease, cell potential and energy consumption during EO was examined. Higher color removal was achieved with Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb in all treated effluents compared to Ti/Pt at all electrolysis times, due to high oxidant production, especially hydroxyl radicals on their surface. Polymer film formation on the anode surface inhibited chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal during the treatment of a single effluent containing RY 3RS and RR-RR Gran dyes with either anode, whereas COD removal efficiencies of 13.93 % and 30.03 %, and 54.74 % and 74.48 % were obtained for Ti/Pt and Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb, respectively, in treating trichromy effluent after 240 min of electrolysis. Lower energy consumption was required by Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb compared to the Ti/Pt anode. In most of the trials studied, EO enhanced dissolved oxygen (DO) and reduced effluent turbidity, making it safe for disposal in the environment.

Resumen. La oxidación electroquímica (EO) se ha investigado como una técnica de tratamiento alternativa para la remediación de efluentes textiles reales que contienen un solo tinte y una tricromía de Remazol Yellow 3RS (RY 3RS), Remazol Red RR Gran (RR-RR Gran) y Navy Blue CL -R (NB CL-R), utilizando un reactor de flujo de placas paralelas equipado con materiales electrocatalíticos Ti/Pt o Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb y Ti como cátodo. Se examinó la influencia del material del ánodo y las densidades de corriente aplicadas sobre la decoloración, la reducción de materia orgánica, el potencial de celda y el consumo de energía durante la EO. Se logró una mayor remoción de color con Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb en todos los efluentes tratados en comparación con Ti/Pt en todos los tiempos de electrólisis, debido a la alta producción de oxidantes, especialmente radicales hidroxilos en su superficie. La formación de una película de polímero en la superficie del ánodo inhibió la eliminación de la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) durante el tratamiento de un solo efluente que contenía colorantes RY 3RS y RR-RR Gran con cualquiera de los ánodos, mientras que las eficiencias de eliminación de DQO del 13,93 % y 30,03 %, y del 54,74 % y Se obtuvo 74,48 % para Ti/Pt y Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb, respectivamente, en el tratamiento de efluentes de tricromía después de 240 min de electrólisis. El Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb requería un menor consumo de energía en comparación con el ánodo de Ti/Pt. En la mayoría de los ensayos estudiados, el EO mejoró el oxígeno disuelto (OD) y redujo la turbidez del efluente, haciéndolo seguro para su eliminación en el medio ambiente.

Abstract The zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum secretes a large quantity of mucus that acts as a substrate for microbial communities. Culturable bacteria associated with P. caribaeorum mucus in northeastern Brazil were evaluated through 16S rRNA gene sequences. Proteobacteria was the dominant group, followed by Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Vibrio was the most common genus, although other groups with the ability to produce biosurfactants and compounds with antimicrobial activity were also present. The studies of culturable marine bacteria may contribute to the understanding of the associated microbial community, opening new opportunities to explore biotechnological potential of microbiota.

RESUMO Considerando a relevância do cajueiro e a limitação imposta pelo estresse salino em regiões semiáridas, o uso de alternativas capazes de mitigar os efeitos deletérios em decorrência da salinidade são de grande importância ao setor produtivo. O uso de plantas enxertadas, principalmente com porta-enxertos de materiais tolerantes, influencia no acúmulo de íons tóxicos nas folhas das mudas enxertadas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características morfofisiológicas e concentração foliar de Na+, K+, Ca+2 de combinações de copa e porta-enxerto de cajueiro anão precoce, contrastantes à salinidade. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, tendo os tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial de 4 × 3, correspondentes a quatro combinações de mudas enxertadas (auto-enxerto CCP 09/CCP 09, CCP 09/CCP 76, auto-enxerto CCP 76/CCP 76 e CCP 76/CCP 09) e a três concentrações de NaCl (0-controle, 50 e 100 mM L-1). Foram avaliados altura, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca, índice de tolerância e concentração foliar de Na+, K+ e Ca+2 após 30 dias da aplicação das concentrações de NaCl. A combinação copa/porta-enxerto CCP 76/09 apresentou tolerância à salinidade de 50 mM L-1, devido ao aumento da área foliar e número de folhas. A combinação copa/porta-enxerto CCP 76/09 foi mais adequada, pois manteve a concentração foliar de K+ e o menor concentração de Na+.

ABSTRACT Considering the cashew tree’s relevance and the limitations imposed by salinity stress in semi-arid regions, the use of alternatives capable of mitigating the harmful effects due to salinity is of great importance to the production sector. The use of grafted plants, especially with rootstock made of tolerant materials, influences the accumulation of toxic ions in leaves of grafted seedlings. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate morphophysiological characteristics and leaf concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca+2 of combinations of scion and rootstock of early dwarf cashew, contrasting in terms of salinity tolerance. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replicates, in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four dwarf cashew scion/rootstock combinations (self-graft CCP 09, CCP 09/CCP 76, self-graft CCP 76, and CCP 76/CCP 09) and three NaCl concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mM L-1). Height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry matter, tolerance index and leaf concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca+2 were evaluated after 30 days of application of NaCl concentrations. The scion/rootstock combination CCP 76/09 showed tolerance to 50 mM L-1, due to the increase of leaf area and number of leaves. The scion/rootstock combination CCP 76/09 was more suitable, as it kept the leaf K+ concentration and had the lowest Na+ concentration.

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a soroprevalência do vírus da hepatite A, em indivíduos atendidos em uma clínica de medicina de viagem e imunização no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e desenvolver um modelo de predição para a soroprevalência do vírus da hepatite A. Esta pesquisa retrospectiva incluiu indivíduos sequencialmente de abril de 2011 a junho de 2019, em uma clínica de medicina de viagem e uma clínica de vacinação de população especial, que, por qualquer motivo, tem um resultado de quimioluminescência IgG antivírus da hepatite A . Os dados dos participantes foram verificados em prontuário eletrônico. Os dados foram divididos em desenvolvimento e validação, tomando 2018 como data limite da divisão. Um modelo linear generalizado elástico com distribuição binomial submetido a validação cruzada foi aplicado. Foram analisados 2.944 indivíduos atendidos. A soroprevalência geral do vírus da hepatite A foi de 67,8%. Profissionais de saúde, viajantes e contatantes de indivíduos imunocomprometidos apresentaram menor soroprevalência, variando de 40% a 55%, enquanto indivíduos com condições crônicas (coração, pulmão e fígado) tiveram soroprevalência variando de 89% a 94%. Os preditores retidos no modelo final foram sexo, idade, ano de nascimento, viajantes, HIV/aids, asplenia funcional, candidatos a transplante, comunicante domiciliar, imunossupressão relacionada ao câncer e profissionais de saúde. A área sob a curva foi de 0,836 e o erro máximo foi de 0,051. Os usuários podem fazer previsões com uma calculadora (https://pedrobrasil.shinyapps.io/INDWELL/). Os grupos com menor soroprevalência devem ser avaliados com mais cuidado quanto à necessidade de vacinação contra o vírus da hepatite A, mesmo quando procuram clínicas de vacinação para outros fins.

Los objetivos del estudio son estimar la seroprevalencia de hepatitis A en sujetos que asisten a una clínica de medicina para viajeros e inmunización en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, y desarrollar un modelo de predicción de la seroprevalencia de hepatitis A. Esta investigación de seguimiento retrospectivo incluyó a individuos de forma secuencial desde abril de 2011 hasta junio de 2019 en una clínica de medicina para viajeros y de vacunación de poblaciones especiales que por cualquier motivo tienen un resultado de quimioluminiscencia IgG anti-hepatitis A. Los datos de los participantes se verificaron en los registros médicos electrónicos. Los datos se dividieron en conjunto de desarrollo y validación tomando 2018 como fecha de corte. Se realizó un modelo lineal generalizado validado cruzado elástico con distribución binomial. Se analizaron un total de 2.944 sujetos atendidos. La seroprevalencia global del hepatitis A fue del 67,8%. Los profesionales sanitarios, los viajeros y las personas en contacto con sujetos inmunodeprimidos presentaron una seroprevalencia más baja, que osciló entre el 40% y el 55%, mientras que los sujetos con afecciones crónicas (cardíacas, pulmonares y hepáticas) presentaron una seroprevalencia que varió entre el 89% y el 94%. Los predictores retenidos en el modelo final fueron el sexo, la edad, el año de nacimiento, los viajeros, el VIH/SIDA, la disfunción del bazo, los candidatos a trasplante, los comunicadores domésticos, la inmunosupresión relacionada con el cáncer y los profesionales sanitarios. Su área bajo la curva fue de 0,836 y el error máximo de 0,051. Los usuarios pueden hacer predicciones con una calculadora (https://pedrobrasil.shinyapps.io/INDWELL/). Los grupos con menor seroprevalencia deben ser evaluados más cuidadosamente en cuanto a la necesidad de vacunación contra hepatitis A, incluso cuando acudan a las clínicas de vacunación con otros fines.

The objectives were to estimate hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in subjects attending to a travel medicine and immunization clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to develop a prediction model for hepatitis A virus seroprevalence. This retrospective research included individuals sequentially from April 2011 to June 2019 at a travel medicine and special population immunization clinic with an anti-hepatitis A virus IgG chemiluminescence result. Participants’ data were verified via electronic medical records. Data were split into development and validation set taking 2018 as the date break. A cross-validated elastic generalized linear model with binomial distribution was performed. In total, 2,944 subjects were analyzed. Hepatitis A virus overall seroprevalence was 67.8%. Health professionals, travelers, and those who had contact with immunocompromised subjects had lower seroprevalence (40%-55%), whereas subjects with chronic conditions (heart, lung, and liver) ranged from 89% to 94%. The retained predictors in the final model were sex, age, year of birth, travelers, HIV/AIDS, spleen dysfunction, transplant candidates, household communicators, cancer-related immunosuppression, health care professionals. Area under the curve was 0.836 and maximum error was 0.051. Users can make predictions with the following calculator: https://pedrobrasil.shinyapps.io/INDWELL/. The groups with lower seroprevalence should be evaluated more carefully regarding need for hepatitis A virus vaccination even when they seek immunization clinics for other purposes.

ABSTRACT Afforestation of sites disturbed after bauxite mining is the favorite technique to restore all ecosystem functions. The nature of the tree species used for revegetation of post-mining land can accelerate the recovery of soil organic matter and nutrient cycles. This study aimed to determine the litterfall production, decomposition rate and nutrient content from three types of forest cover ( Eucalyptus , Anadenanthera peregrina , mixed plantation of 16 native species) planted in a bauxite mining area in recovery. Litterfall production was evaluated monthly over 30 months, and the litter mass was assessed twice a year (dry and rainy periods). Total nutrient content was determined from samples grouped by period (dry and rainy). The annual average values for litterfall dry mass and litter mass were higher in Eucalyptus and mixed native. The period (dry or rainy) did not influence litterfall rates in A. peregrina , but Eucalyptus and mixed native presented higher amounts for litterfall during the rainy and dry periods, respectively. Litter accumulation in Eucalyptus was not affected by the season of the year, but mixed native and A. peregrina presented higher litter accumulation in the dry season. Apparent decomposition rates of A. peregrina and mixed native were higher in the rainy season, highlighting the A. peregrina with the highest values compared with the other forest covers. The mixed native presented the highest leaf content of P, K, Ca and Mg in both the litterfall and litter mass, while Eucalyptus had the lowest P, K, Ca, S and N content and the highest C content in the litterfall. Litterfall production is important in degraded areas to ensure the nutrient return to the soil. The data obtained suggest that the cultivation of a mixed of 16 native trees contribute for produce the higher annual litterfall yields, besides produces leaf litterfall of better nutritional quality in relation to P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Therefore, mixed of native trees can be a promising option for reactivation of nutrient cycling and organic matter formation in mined area of bauxite in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Abstract Background: Elderly patients are more susceptible to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and are more likely to develop it in severe forms, (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS]). Prone positioning is a treatment strategy for severe ARDS; however, its response in the elderly population remains poorly understood. The main objective was to evaluate the predictive response and mortality of elderly patients exposed to prone positioning due to ARDS-COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study involved 223 patients aged ≥ 65 years, who received prone position sessions for severe ARDS due to COVID-19, using invasive mechanical ventilation. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was used to assess the oxygenation response. The 20-point improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after the first prone session was considered for good response. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographic data, laboratory/image exams, complications, comorbidities, SAPS III and SOFA scores, use of anticoagulants and vasopressors, ventilator settings, and respiratory system mechanics. Mortality was defined as deaths that occurred until hospital discharge. Results: Most patients were male, with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as the most prevalent comorbidities. The non-responders group had higher SAPS III and SOFA scores, and a higher incidence of complications. There was no difference in mortality rate. A lower SAPS III score was a predictor of oxygenation response, and the male sex was a risk predictor of mortality. Conclusion: The present study suggests the oxygenation response to prone positioning in elderly patients with severe COVID-19-ARDS correlates with the SAPS III score. Furthermore, the male sex is a risk predictor of mortality.

The objectives were to estimate hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in subjects attending to a travel medicine and immunization clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to develop a prediction model for hepatitis A virus seroprevalence. This retrospective research included individuals sequentially from April 2011 to June 2019 at a travel medicine and special population immunization clinic with an anti-hepatitis A virus IgG chemiluminescence result. Participants’ data were verified via electronic medical records. Data were split into development and validation set taking 2018 as the date break. A cross-validated elastic generalized linear model with binomial distribution was performed. In total, 2,944 subjects were analyzed. Hepatitis A virus overall seroprevalence was 67.8%. Health professionals, travelers, and those who had contact with immunocompromised subjects had lower seroprevalence (40%-55%), whereas subjects with chronic conditions (heart, lung, and liver) ranged from 89% to 94%. The retained predictors in the final model were sex, age, year of birth, travelers, HIV/AIDS, spleen dysfunction, transplant candidates, household communicators, cancer-related immunosuppression, health care professionals. Area under the curve was 0.836 and maximum error was 0.051. Users can make predictions with the following calculator: https://pedrobrasil.shinyapps.io/INDWELL/. The groups with lower seroprevalence should be evaluated more carefully regarding need for hepatitis A virus vaccination even when they seek immunization clinics for other purposes.

Los objetivos del estudio son estimar la seroprevalencia de hepatitis A en sujetos que asisten a una clínica de medicina para viajeros e inmunización en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, y desarrollar un modelo de predicción de la seroprevalencia de hepatitis A. Esta investigación de seguimiento retrospectivo incluyó a individuos de forma secuencial desde abril de 2011 hasta junio de 2019 en una clínica de medicina para viajeros y de vacunación de poblaciones especiales que por cualquier motivo tienen un resultado de quimioluminiscencia IgG anti-hepatitis A. Los datos de los participantes se verificaron en los registros médicos electrónicos. Los datos se dividieron en conjunto de desarrollo y validación tomando 2018 como fecha de corte. Se realizó un modelo lineal generalizado validado cruzado elástico con distribución binomial. Se analizaron un total de 2.944 sujetos atendidos. La seroprevalencia global del hepatitis A fue del 67,8%. Los profesionales sanitarios, los viajeros y las personas en contacto con sujetos inmunodeprimidos presentaron una seroprevalencia más baja, que osciló entre el 40% y el 55%, mientras que los sujetos con afecciones crónicas (cardíacas, pulmonares y hepáticas) presentaron una seroprevalencia que varió entre el 89% y el 94%. Los predictores retenidos en el modelo final fueron el sexo, la edad, el año de nacimiento, los viajeros, el VIH/SIDA, la disfunción del bazo, los candidatos a trasplante, los comunicadores domésticos, la inmunosupresión relacionada con el cáncer y los profesionales sanitarios. Su área bajo la curva fue de 0,836 y el error máximo de 0,051. Los usuarios pueden hacer predicciones con una calculadora (https://pedrobrasil.shinyapps.io/INDWELL/). Los grupos con menor seroprevalencia deben ser evaluados más cuidadosamente en cuanto a la necesidad de vacunación contra hepatitis A, incluso cuando acudan a las clínicas de vacunación con otros fines.

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a soroprevalência do vírus da hepatite A, em indivíduos atendidos em uma clínica de medicina de viagem e imunização no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e desenvolver um modelo de predição para a soroprevalência do vírus da hepatite A. Esta pesquisa retrospectiva incluiu indivíduos sequencialmente de abril de 2011 a junho de 2019, em uma clínica de medicina de viagem e uma clínica de vacinação de população especial, que, por qualquer motivo, tem um resultado de quimioluminescência IgG antivírus da hepatite A . Os dados dos participantes foram verificados em prontuário eletrônico. Os dados foram divididos em desenvolvimento e validação, tomando 2018 como data limite da divisão. Um modelo linear generalizado elástico com distribuição binomial submetido a validação cruzada foi aplicado. Foram analisados 2.944 indivíduos atendidos. A soroprevalência geral do vírus da hepatite A foi de 67,8%. Profissionais de saúde, viajantes e contatantes de indivíduos imunocomprometidos apresentaram menor soroprevalência, variando de 40% a 55%, enquanto indivíduos com condições crônicas (coração, pulmão e fígado) tiveram soroprevalência variando de 89% a 94%. Os preditores retidos no modelo final foram sexo, idade, ano de nascimento, viajantes, HIV/aids, asplenia funcional, candidatos a transplante, comunicante domiciliar, imunossupressão relacionada ao câncer e profissionais de saúde. A área sob a curva foi de 0,836 e o erro máximo foi de 0,051. Os usuários podem fazer previsões com uma calculadora (https://pedrobrasil.shinyapps.io/INDWELL/). Os grupos com menor soroprevalência devem ser avaliados com mais cuidado quanto à necessidade de vacinação contra o vírus da hepatite A, mesmo quando procuram clínicas de vacinação para outros fins.

Abstract An ultrasound pretreatment was used to increase anthocyanins content in blackberry juice. Whole fruits were inserted into a glass vessel without contact with any solvent, sonicated in an ultrasonic bath, and then pressed with a manual juicer. The experimental design showed that 7 min at 65% of ultrasound amplitude increased the anthocyanin content in juices from 31 to 56% for BRS Xingu, Guarani, and Xavante cultivars. Two major anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were found in higher concentrations for sonicated fruits. Therefore, ultrasonic pretreatment of whole fruits increased the anthocyanins in blackberry juices using a simple, fast, and green approach.

ABSTRACT The production chain of the macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) includes the cosmetics, food and bioenergy sectors, which highlights the relevance of defining bioclimatically favorable areas for the cultivation of this plant in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, the center of its origin. The mesoregions of this state were characterized according to the average annual temperature (AMT), annual precipitation (AP), precipitation in the driest quarter (PDQ), and aridity index (AI), following the Boolean logic. A total of 45.18% of the area of this state is bioclimatically favorable for the cultivation of A. aculeata, which facilitates the planning of farming activities, conservation, and management of this plant in other regions with conditions similar to those observed in this state. This palm can also be cultivated with irrigation in regions with adequate bioclimatic conditions, but without adequate rainfall pattern. This information can boost the rational and sustainable use of A. aculeata for the production of green vegetable oil.

RESUMO A cadeia produtiva da palmeira macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) inclui os setores de cosméticos, alimentos e bioenergia, aumentando a importância de se definir as áreas bioclimaticamente favoráveis para o cultivo dessa planta no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, centro de sua origem. As mesorregiões desse estado foram caracterizadas de acordo com a temperatura média anual (TMA), precipitação anual (PA), precipitação no trimestre mais seco (PTS) e índice de aridez (IA), seguindo a lógica booleana. Um total de 45,18% da área do estado de Minas Gerais é, bioclimaticamente, favorável ao cultivo da A. aculeata, facilitando o planejamento de atividades agropecuárias, conservação e manejo dessa planta. Essa palmeira pode, também, ser cultivada com irrigação em regiões com déficit de precipitação, mas com as outras condições bioclimáticas semelhantes às definidas nesse estado para essa planta. Essas informações aumentam as possibilidades do uso racional e sustentável de A. aculeata para produção de óleo vegetal verde.

Abstract Background Amaranthus palmeri is an economically important plant species worldwide. The rapid growth and competitive potential of crops make A. palmeri a major problem. Studies on the dissemination potential of this weed in Brazil and worldwide are necessary to identify the regions with high climatic potential. Similarly, we analyzed the behavior of the species in the face of predicted climate change. Studies of this type can be performed using ecological niche modeling. Objective This work aimed to determine areas with climatic suitability for A. palmeri in the present and future climates in Brazil and globally. Methods We projected the potential distribution of A. palmeri based on the environmental requirements and stress parameters that limit this species in Brazil. Results For the current climate, our model identified regions with favorable climatic suitability for A. palmeri on most continents. The results showed that the suitability of A. palmeri in the Brazilian territory will decrease owing to predicted climate change. The future model highlighted decreases in the suitable northern, northeastern, and midwestern areas. An annual study of the occurrence of A. palmeri using the weekly growth index predicted by the model showed great potential for the species throughout the year, with a decrease in the driest months (July to August), indicating the preference of the species for moist soils. Tropical and subtropical zones are currently experiencing a reduction in suitable areas because of climate change in northeastern Brazil and western Australia. Temperate zone sites have potential areas of expansion for A. palmeri (northern USA, Russia, and China) under climate change. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, management strategies should be planned to contain the global spread of A. palmeri.

ABSTRACT Wastewater reuse is an alternative for irrigated agriculture in semi-arid regions, due to water support and nutritional supply. Thus, the objective was to evaluate biomass production and nutrient contents in three cultivars of Panicum maximum irrigated with fish farming effluent. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a complete randomized block design in a split-splitplot scheme. The plot consisted of three types of irrigation management (public-supply water (control), control + conventional fertilization, and irrigation with fish farming effluent). The subplot consisted of three cultivars of P. maximum (Tanzania, Mombasa, and Massai). The sub-subplot consisted of four cutting times (45, 90, 135, and 180 days after sowing). At each cutting time, biomass production and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, copper, manganese, and zinc contents were determined. Irrigation with fish farming effluent increases sodium content in all P. maximum cultivars and causes reduction in biomass production. The salinity of fish farming effluent increased calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc contents in the tissues.

RESUMO O reuso de águas residuárias é uma alternativa para a agricultura irrigada em regiões semiáridas, devido ao suporte hídrico e aporte nutricional. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a produção de biomassa e a concentração de nutrientes em três cultivares de Panicum maximum irrigadas com efluente da piscicultura. A pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetação, com delineamento em blocos casualizados completos em esquema de parcelas subsubdividida no tempo. A parcela foi constituída por três manejos de irrigação (água de abastecimento (testemunha), testemunha + adubação convencional e irrigação com efluente da piscicultura). A sub-parcela foi constituída por três cultivares de P. maximum (Tanzânia, Mombaça e Massai). A sub-subparcela foi composta por quatro tempos de corte (45, 90, 135 e 180 dias após a semeadura). Em cada tempo de corte foram determinadas a produção de biomassa e as concentrações de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, sódio, ferro, cobre, manganês e zinco. A irrigação com efluente da piscicultura aumenta o teor de sódio de todas as cultivares de P. maximum, o que acarretou redução na produção de biomassa. A salinidade do efluente da piscicultura aumentou os teores de cálcio, magnésio, ferro, manganês e zinco nos tecidos.

ABSTRACT The use of renewable energy sources has increased exponentially worldwide. Cuba has implemented a program until 2030 where renewable sources play a fundamental role within the national energy matrix. The policy regarding the installation of solar plants has been to connect small plants of up to 5 MW, mainly in distribution networks. In this work an optimization algorithm is developed to identify the best connection points of small solar plants in distribution networks. The algorithm solves the problem through a power flow combined with a full N-P allocation model. The goal of the algorithm is obtaining the best points to connect solar plants in buses of a radial distribution network at to minimize total active power losses or the deviation of voltage profile.

RESUMEN El uso de las fuentes renovables de energía se ha incrementado exponencialmente a nivel mundial. Cuba ha implementado un plan hasta el 2030 donde las fuentes renovables juegan un papel fundamental dentro de la matriz energética nacional. La política con respecto a la instalación de centrales fotovoltaicas ha sido conectar pequeñas centrales de hasta 5 MW, principalmente en redes de distribución. En este trabajo se diseñó un algoritmo de optimización para instalar centrales fotovoltaicas en redes de distribución radiales. El algoritmo resuelve el problema a través de un flujo de carga combinado con un modelo de asignación N-P completo. El objetivo del algoritmo es obtener los mejores puntos para la conexión de n centrales fotovoltaicas en m nodos de una red de distribución eléctrica radial de modo que se minimicen las pérdidas totales de potencia activa o la desviación de tensión de la red. Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana, José Antonio Echeverría.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as trocas gasosas de mudas de maracujá Redondo Amarelo sob a ação mitigadora da adubação nitrogenada sobre a salinidade da agua de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, PB. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, parcelas subdivididas, compreendendo cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (parcela) (CEa) (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 e 3.1 dS m-1) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (subparcela) (60; 80; 100; 120 e 140% de 300 mg de N dm-3), em cinco blocos. As plantas foram cultivadas em citropotes com volume de 3.780 mL, preenchidos com solo, esterco bovino curtido e maravalha na proporção de 2:1:0,5 (base massa), respectivamente. A aplicação dos níveis de salinidade ocorreu no período de 40 a 85 dias após a semeadura. Mensurou-se, aos 55 e 70 dias após a semeadura a concentração interna de CO2, transpiração, condutância estomática e fotossíntese. Verificou-se efeito atenuante das doses de nitrogênio para as águas de irrigação de 1.7 e 2.4 dS m-1 sobre a fotossíntese aos 55 dias. A salinidade da água de irrigação reduz a maioria das variáveis avaliadas, sobretudo no maior nível estudado (3.1 dS m-1).

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange of ‘Redondo Amarelo’ passion fruit seedlings under the mitigating action of nitrogen fertilization on the salinity of irrigation water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (CCTA-UFCG), Campus of Pombal, PB, Brazil, The experimental design was in randomized blocks, split plots, comprising five irrigation water electrical conductivities (plot) (ECw) (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) and five doses of nitrogen (subplot) (60; 80; 100; 120 and 140% of 300 mg of N dm-3), in five blocks. Plants were grown in pots (Citropote JKS®) with volume of 3.780 mL, filled with soil, bovine manure, wood shavings in a proportion of 2:1:0.5 (mass basis), respectively. Water with salinity levels was applied in the period from 40 to 85 days after sowing. The internal CO2 concentration, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured at 55 and 70 days after sowing. There was an attenuating effect of nitrogen doses at irrigation water electrical conductivities of 1.7 and 2.4 dS m-1 on photosynthesis at 55 DAS. Irrigation water salinity reduces most of the variables evaluated, especially at the highest level studied (3.1 dS m-1).

The correlation between iron distribution in octahedral or tetrahedral sites in synthetic magnetite and zinc spinel ferrites and their catalytic properties were investigated in this work. The zinc-doped nanomagnetites were prepared by co-precipitation method and annealed at 420 °C. X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, X-ray absorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies were used to identify iron sites. The obtained results showed that ZnII replaces the relatively smaller FeIII cation in the tetrahedral sites, increasing the cubic lattice dimension, and this replacement remarkably enhances the catalytic effectiveness of the Zn-spinel ferrite towards the indigo carmine degradation compared to undoped magnetite. The indigo carmine degradation experiments were carried out using photo-Fenton method in which 50 mL of indigo carmine dye aqueous solutions (20 mg L−1, pH 3.0), 20 mg ZnxFe(3-x)O4, and 2.0 mL H2O2 (aqueous solution at 0.028 mol L−1) were placed under UV light at 25 °C. Under these experimental conditions the degradation rate of indigo carmine was superior to 98%.

ABSTRACT: Short-term grazing behavior variables are sensitive to the canopy structure and have an impact on daily forage intake. This study evaluated the effect of pre- and post-grazing canopy heights on the forage harvesting process at a patch scale in a mixture of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. syn. Urochloa brizantha R.D. Webster cv. Marandu (palisade grass) and Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg. cv. Belomonte (forage peanut). Treatments were allocated to a split-plot arrangement in a completely randomized design. The plots, in their entirety, consisted of two pre-grazing canopy heights: 25 cm (CH25) and 35 cm (CH35); subplots consisted of three levels of defoliation severity: no defoliation (DS0); 20% depletion of pre-grazing canopy height (DS20); and 40% depletion of pre-grazing canopy height (DS40), with eight replications. Heifers were allowed to graze the patches (0.7 × 0.7 m) and their grazing behavior was recorded. Canopy structure measurements were taken both before and after grazing. Patches from CH35 presented greater stem mass for grass (p = 0.001) and legume (p = 0.002) than did patches from CH25. Bite rate, bite mass and instantaneous intake rate were greater for CH25 than for CH35 (p < 0.001, p = 0.068, and p = 0.074), and bite mass and instantaneous intake rate were lower for DS20 compared to DS0 (p = 0.032 and p = 0.016). Greater stem mass in the grazing strata negatively influenced the instantaneous intake rate.