Resumo Investigações fenomenológicas empenham-se em desvelar a natureza de um fenômeno por meio da descrição e compreensão de experiências vividas. Esse processo apresenta variações de acordo com os conceitos filosóficos subjacentes e as estratégias metodológicas adotadas. A forma habitual consiste na gravação de longas entrevistas que são posteriormente transcritas e analisadas. O presente artigo descreve um método alternativo para entrar em contato com as experiências dos participantes sobre determinado fenômeno, por meio de encontros dialógicos com o pesquisador. Este desenvolve narrativas compreensivas, escritas em primeira pessoa, com o propósito de captar os significados das experiências dos participantes a partir do impacto provocado pelos encontros vividos com eles sobre si mesmo. Uma narrativa síntese é, então, construída para dar prosseguimento ao processo de análise, a fim de revelar os elementos estruturais do fenômeno a partir das experiências de todos os participantes. Exemplos são apresentados para ilustrar o processo.

Abstract Phenomenological investigations are concerned with unfolding the nature of a phenomenon through the process of describing and understanding subjective lived experiences. The process through which this is accomplished varies according to the underlying philosophical concepts and specific methodological strategies adopted. A common means of achieving this objective is through hours-long interviews that are recorded and later transcribed and analyzed. The present article describes an alternative method that accesses the participants’ experiences of a phenomenon through encounters with a researcher, who then uses dialogical data to develop comprehensive narratives. These are written in first person in order to grasp the participant’s significant meanings based on what emerged during their encounter and its impact on the researcher. A narrative synthesis is then constructed in order to enable the phenomenological process of analysis to reach the structural elements based on all participants’ experiences. Exemplary excerpts are presented in order to illustrate the process.

One major source of confusion surrounding the use of the term recovery derives from a lack of clarity about the respective roles of health care practitioners and people with mental health problems. We offer two definitions of recovery in order to distinguish between the process of recovery and the provision of recovery-oriented care. Recovery refers to the ways in which a person manages a mental health condition trying to restore or develop a meaningful sense of belonging and a positive sense of identity apart from this condition. Recovery is a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, conduct self-directed lives, and strive to reach their full potential. Recovery-oriented care is what mental health treatment and rehabilitation practitioners offer in support of the person's own long-term recovery efforts. The promotion of wellness through self-care and early intervention, both mental and physical, is an important component of it. Recovery-oriented care requires that people in recovery be involved in all aspects and phases of the care delivery process. In this article we clarify the terminology and provide a discussion of some of the ways in which recovery and recovery-oriented practice are commonly viewed from the perspectives of policy and practice. In contrast, we argue for a paradigm shift in which the role of the person "in recovery" remains at the center of all conceptualizations and debates while considering the role of culture in shaping how recovery is viewed and best promoted in different societies. We propose to promote this approach with cultural adaptations and to include this model in health schools and residency programs. Students and future professionals of health will thus have information about this model and will be able to decide on its integration in their daily practice.

Una fuente importante de la confusión que rodea el uso del término recuperación deriva de la falta de claridad sobre las funciones respectivas de los profesionales de la atención a la salud y de las personas con problemas de salud mental. En este artículo se ofrecen dos definiciones para distinguir entre el proceso de recuperación y la provisión de atención orientada a la recuperación. La recuperación se refiere a las formas en que una persona maneja un problema de salud mental tratando de restaurar o desarrollar un sentido significativo de pertenencia y un sentido positivo de identidad independiente de este problema. La recuperación es un proceso de cambio mediante el cual los individuos mejoran su salud y bienestar, conducen sus vidas de forma autónoma y se esfuerzan por alcanzar su máximo potencial. La atención orientada a la recuperación es lo que los profesionales del tratamiento y rehabilitación en salud mental ofrecen para apoyar los esfuerzos de recuperación de la persona a largo plazo. La promoción del bienestar mediante el autocuidado y la intervención temprana, tanto mental como física, es un componente importante de la misma. La atención orientada a la recuperación requiere que las personas en recuperación se impliquen en todos los aspectos y fases del proceso de la atención. En este artículo se clarifica la terminología y se discuten algunas de las maneras en que la recuperación y la atención orientada a la recuperación se ven comúnmente desde las perspectivas de la política y de la práctica. Así, defendemos que la persona "en recuperación" ha de permanecer en el centro de todas las conceptualizaciones y debates, así como la necesidad de considerar la cultura en la configuración de cómo se ve la recuperación y se promueve en diferentes sociedades. Creemos necesario promover este enfoque con adaptaciones culturales e incluirlo en las escuelas de salud y en los programas de residencia. Así, los estudiantes y futuros profesionales de la salud conocerán el modelo y podrán decidir sobre su integración en la práctica diaria.