In Brazil, the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) is the main tool in collecting and consolidating information on the nutritional status and the feeding habits of the population encompassed by primary health care services of the country. This study explores data from SISVAN to analyze the system’s potential as a tool for monitoring the nutritional status of children and adolescents in the country. We seek to evaluate the evolution of the system’s coverage rate in relation to the population regarding different age groups and geographic regions, how this coverage rate varies according to the characteristics of the Brazilian municipalities, and to what extent the results from SISVAN differ from representative sample surveys of the population. We present four main results. First, we documented that from 2008 to 2019, SISVAN significantly expanded its coverage; with a significant decrease, however, in 2020, reaching levels similar to those at the beginning of the series. Second, our results indicate that coverage is not homogeneous, being higher in the North and Northeast regions and among underage children. Third, there is a systematic association between the characteristics of the municipalities and the level of coverage of the system. Finally, SISVAN results differ from those presented by surveys representative of the general population. Jointly, the results of this study point to the need to refine the nutritional surveillance instruments on children and adolescents in Brazil.

En Brasil, el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN) es una herramienta clave para recolectar y consolidar información sobre el estado nutricional y la dieta de la población atendida por los servicios de atención primaria en el país. Este trabajo analiza, a partir de los datos de SISVAN, el potencial del sistema como una herramienta de seguimiento del estado nutricional de niños y adolescentes del país. Se pretende evaluar la evolución de la tasa de cobertura del sistema con relación a la población según diferentes grupos de edad y regiones geográficas, cómo varía esta tasa de cobertura según las características de los municipios brasileños y en qué medida los resultados de SISVAN se diferencian de las encuestas por muestreo representativas de la población. Se presentan cuatro resultados principales. Primero, entre 2008 y 2019, SISVAN amplió significativamente su cobertura, pero en 2020 hubo un significativo descenso a niveles similares a los del inicio de la serie. Segundo, los resultados indican que la cobertura no es homogénea, y hay una mayor cobertura en las regiones Norte y Nordeste del país, entre los niños más pequeños. Tercero, existe una asociación sistemática entre las características de los municipios y el nivel de cobertura del sistema. Cuarto, los resultados de SISVAN se diferencian de los presentados en las encuestas representativas de la población general. Los resultados de este estudio apuntan que es necesario mejorar las herramientas de vigilancia nutricional de niños y adolescentes en Brasil.

No Brasil, o Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) é a ferramenta central para coletar e consolidar informações sobre o estado nutricional e alimentação da população atendida pelos serviços de atenção básica no país. Este trabalho explora dados do SISVAN com o objetivo de analisar o potencial do sistema como ferramenta de monitoramento do estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes no país. Procura-se avaliar a evolução da taxa de cobertura do sistema em relação à população para diferentes faixas etárias e regiões geográficas, como essa taxa de cobertura varia conforme as características dos municípios brasileiros e em que medida os resultados provenientes do SISVAN diferem de pesquisas amostrais representativas da população. Apresentamos quatro principais resultados. Primeiro, documentamos que, entre 2008 e 2019, o SISVAN expandiu significativamente a sua cobertura, mas houve uma queda expressiva em 2020 até níveis similares aos do início da série. Segundo, nossos resultados apontam que a cobertura não é homogênea, sendo maior nas regiões Norte e Nordeste e entre crianças de menor idade. Terceiro, existe uma associação sistemática entre características dos municípios e o nível de cobertura do sistema. Por último, os resultados do SISVAN divergem dos apresentados por pesquisas representativas da população geral. Em conjunto, os resultados deste estudo apontam para a necessidade de refinar os instrumentos de vigilância nutricional sobre crianças e adolescentes no Brasil.

In Brazil, the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) is the main tool in collecting and consolidating information on the nutritional status and the feeding habits of the population encompassed by primary health care services of the country. This study explores data from SISVAN to analyze the system’s potential as a tool for monitoring the nutritional status of children and adolescents in the country. We seek to evaluate the evolution of the system’s coverage rate in relation to the population regarding different age groups and geographic regions, how this coverage rate varies according to the characteristics of the Brazilian municipalities, and to what extent the results from SISVAN differ from representative sample surveys of the population. We present four main results. First, we documented that from 2008 to 2019, SISVAN significantly expanded its coverage; with a significant decrease, however, in 2020, reaching levels similar to those at the beginning of the series. Second, our results indicate that coverage is not homogeneous, being higher in the North and Northeast regions and among underage children. Third, there is a systematic association between the characteristics of the municipalities and the level of coverage of the system. Finally, SISVAN results differ from those presented by surveys representative of the general population. Jointly, the results of this study point to the need to refine the nutritional surveillance instruments on children and adolescents in Brazil.

En Brasil, el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN) es una herramienta clave para recolectar y consolidar información sobre el estado nutricional y la dieta de la población atendida por los servicios de atención primaria en el país. Este trabajo analiza, a partir de los datos de SISVAN, el potencial del sistema como una herramienta de seguimiento del estado nutricional de niños y adolescentes del país. Se pretende evaluar la evolución de la tasa de cobertura del sistema con relación a la población según diferentes grupos de edad y regiones geográficas, cómo varía esta tasa de cobertura según las características de los municipios brasileños y en qué medida los resultados de SISVAN se diferencian de las encuestas por muestreo representativas de la población. Se presentan cuatro resultados principales. Primero, entre 2008 y 2019, SISVAN amplió significativamente su cobertura, pero en 2020 hubo un significativo descenso a niveles similares a los del inicio de la serie. Segundo, los resultados indican que la cobertura no es homogénea, y hay una mayor cobertura en las regiones Norte y Nordeste del país, entre los niños más pequeños. Tercero, existe una asociación sistemática entre las características de los municipios y el nivel de cobertura del sistema. Cuarto, los resultados de SISVAN se diferencian de los presentados en las encuestas representativas de la población general. Los resultados de este estudio apuntan que es necesario mejorar las herramientas de vigilancia nutricional de niños y adolescentes en Brasil.

No Brasil, o Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) é a ferramenta central para coletar e consolidar informações sobre o estado nutricional e alimentação da população atendida pelos serviços de atenção básica no país. Este trabalho explora dados do SISVAN com o objetivo de analisar o potencial do sistema como ferramenta de monitoramento do estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes no país. Procura-se avaliar a evolução da taxa de cobertura do sistema em relação à população para diferentes faixas etárias e regiões geográficas, como essa taxa de cobertura varia conforme as características dos municípios brasileiros e em que medida os resultados provenientes do SISVAN diferem de pesquisas amostrais representativas da população. Apresentamos quatro principais resultados. Primeiro, documentamos que, entre 2008 e 2019, o SISVAN expandiu significativamente a sua cobertura, mas houve uma queda expressiva em 2020 até níveis similares aos do início da série. Segundo, nossos resultados apontam que a cobertura não é homogênea, sendo maior nas regiões Norte e Nordeste e entre crianças de menor idade. Terceiro, existe uma associação sistemática entre características dos municípios e o nível de cobertura do sistema. Por último, os resultados do SISVAN divergem dos apresentados por pesquisas representativas da população geral. Em conjunto, os resultados deste estudo apontam para a necessidade de refinar os instrumentos de vigilância nutricional sobre crianças e adolescentes no Brasil.

Abstract Few studies on the distribution of oral diseases in older people are available in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and demographic characteristics of oral and maxillofacial lesions in geriatric patients (age ≥ 60 years). A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from archives of three Brazilian oral pathology centers over a 20-year period. Data on sex, age, anatomical site, skin color, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and analyzed. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to evaluate differences in the frequency of the different oral and maxillofacial lesion groups. A total of 7,476 biopsy records of older patients were analyzed. Most cases were diagnosed in patients aged 60 to 69 years (n = 4,487; 60.0%). Females were more affected (n = 4,403; 58.9%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1:0.7 (p < 0.001). The tongue (n = 1,196; 16.4%), lower lip (n = 1,005; 13.8%), and buccal mucosa (n = 997; 13.7%) were the most common anatomical sites. Reactive and inflammatory lesions (n = 3,840; 51.3%) were the most prevalent non-neoplastic pathologies (p < 0.001), followed by cysts (n = 475; 6.4%). Malignant neoplasms were more frequent (n = 1,353; 18.1%) than benign neoplasms (n = 512; 6.8%). Fibrous/fibroepithelial hyperplasia (n = 2,042; 53.2%) (p < 0.001) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1,191; 88.03%) (p < 0.001) were the most common oral lesions in older adults. Biopsy data allow the accurate characterization of the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions, supporting the development of public health policies that can enable the prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of these lesions. Also, they bring valuable information that helps dentists and geriatricians diagnose these diseases.

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou descrever, por meio de um estudo de avaliação, o alcance do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) em Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, no ano de 2016. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017, mediante fonte documental das Secretarias Municipal de Saúde, de Educação e da Gerência Regional de Educação. O município apresentou 52 escolas cadastradas, e 26 realizaram alguma atividade referente ao programa. As ações englobaram atividades do componente I, como, por exemplo, ‘Avaliação antropométrica’, ‘Verificação da situação vacinal’, ‘Promoção e avaliação da saúde bucal’. As temáticas do componente II também foram verificadas, como ‘Promoção das práticas corporais e atividade física’, ‘Ações de segurança alimentar e alimentação saudável’, ‘Promoção da saúde ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável’, com foco nas arboviroses. O quantitativo de ações na zona urbana foi superior quando comparada a área rural. Um bom número de escolas cadastradas contrastando com a baixa ativação (implementação) do PSE ou, ainda, um alcance ‘muito ruim’ dos estudantes permearam as respostas da pesquisa, possibilitando a solidificação de subsídios para o surgimento de questionamentos essenciais às novas intervenções nesse campo de pesquisa e fornecendo outros conhecimentos sobre o programa para o público geral.

ABSTRACT The research aimed to describe, through an evaluation study in 2016, the scope of the School Health Program (PSE) in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão State of Pernambuco in the Northeast region of Brasil. Data were collected between October 2016 and February 2017 using documental source from the Municipal Health and Education secretaries and the Regional Education Management. The municipality had 52 registered schools and 26 carried out some activity related to the program. The actions encompassed component I activities such as ‘Anthropometric assessment’, ‘Verification of vaccination status’, ‘Oral health promotion and assessment’, for example. The themes of component II were also verified such as ‘Promotion of body practices and physical activity’, ‘Food safety and healthy eating actions’, ‘Promotion of Environmental Health and sustainable development’, with focus on arboviruses. The number of actions in the urban area was higher when compared to the rural area. A good number of registered schools contrasting with the low activation (implementation) of the PSE, or even a ‘very bad’ reach of students, permeated the survey answers, enabling the solidification of subsidies of essential questions to new interventions in this research field and providing other knowledges about the program to the general public.

ABSTRACT The research aimed to describe, through an evaluation study in 2016, the scope of the School Health Program (PSE) in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão State of Pernambuco in the Northeast region of Brasil. Data were collected between October 2016 and February 2017 using documental source from the Municipal Health and Education secretaries and the Regional Education Management. The municipality had 52 registered schools and 26 carried out some activity related to the program. The actions encompassed component I activities such as ‘Anthropometric assessment’, ‘Verification of vaccination status’, ‘Oral health promotion and assessment’, for example. The themes of component II were also verified such as ‘Promotion of body practices and physical activity’, ‘Food safety and healthy eating actions’, ‘Promotion of Environmental Health and sustainable development’, with focus on arboviruses. The number of actions in the urban area was higher when compared to the rural area. A good number of registered schools contrasting with the low activation (implementation) of the PSE, or even a ‘very bad’ reach of students, permeated the survey answers, enabling the solidification of subsidies of essential questions to new interventions in this research field and providing other knowledges about the program to the general public.

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou descrever, por meio de um estudo de avaliação, o alcance do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) em Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, no ano de 2016. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017, mediante fonte documental das Secretarias Municipal de Saúde, de Educação e da Gerência Regional de Educação. O município apresentou 52 escolas cadastradas, e 26 realizaram alguma atividade referente ao programa. As ações englobaram atividades do componente I, como, por exemplo, ‘Avaliação antropométrica’, ‘Verificação da situação vacinal’, ‘Promoção e avaliação da saúde bucal’. As temáticas do componente II também foram verificadas, como ‘Promoção das práticas corporais e atividade física’, ‘Ações de segurança alimentar e alimentação saudável’, ‘Promoção da saúde ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável’, com foco nas arboviroses. O quantitativo de ações na zona urbana foi superior quando comparada a área rural. Um bom número de escolas cadastradas contrastando com a baixa ativação (implementação) do PSE ou, ainda, um alcance ‘muito ruim’ dos estudantes permearam as respostas da pesquisa, possibilitando a solidificação de subsídios para o surgimento de questionamentos essenciais às novas intervenções nesse campo de pesquisa e fornecendo outros conhecimentos sobre o programa para o público geral.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las consecuencias del uso de pezones artificiales para la lactancia exclusiva. Materiales y método: revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos Medline®, Cinahl, Lilacs, Web of Science e Scopus para contestar a la siguiente cuestión: ¿cuál es la influencia que ejerce en la lactancia la oferta de pezones artificiales a los recién nacidos? Resultados: se analizaron 38 artículos; el análisis originó dos categorías: factores neonatales y factores maternos de influencia en la lactancia exclusiva. La interrupción de la lactancia materna fue el factor neonatal más asociado al uso de pezones artificiales, mientras el nivel de escolaridad materno se destacó como factor interviniente en la lactancia exclusiva. El chupo fue el pezón artificial más encontrado citado, seguido del biberón y del protector mamilar. Conclusiones: las consecuencias de la oferta de pezones artificiales a los bebés em la lactancia son, en su mayoría, negativas y relacionadas con el neonato, como el desmame temprano y el rechazo al seno, la succión perjudicada, el agarre inadecuado, la interferencia en el desarrollo orofacial y la interrupción de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Las madres que ofrecieron pezones artificiales a sus hijos están más propensas a sentir dolor, tener fisura mamilar, frustración y reducción de la interacción con su hijo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the consequences of using artificial nipples to exclusive breastfeeding. Materials and method: An integrative review carried out in the Medline®, Cinahl, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to answer the following question: What are the consequences of using artificial nipples to exclusive breastfeeding? Results: 38 articles were analyzed; the analysis gave rise to two categories: neonatal factors and maternal factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding interruption was the neonatal factor most associated with the use of artificial nipples, while the level of maternal education stood out as an intervening factor in exclusive breastfeeding. Pacifiers were the dummy type more commonly mentioned, followed by feeding bottles and nipple shields. Conclusions: The consequences of offering artificial nipples to breastfed infants are mostly negative and associated with the newborn, such as early weaning, refusal to breastfeed, impaired suction technique, incorrect latch-on, interference with orofacial development, and interruption of exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers who offered artificial nipples to their infants are more likely to experience pain, nipple fissures, frustration, and reduced interaction with their infants.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as consequências do uso de bicos artificiais para a amamentação exclusiva. Materiais e método: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Medline®, Cinahl, Lilacs, Web of Science e Scopus para responder à seguinte questão: qual a influência que a oferta de bicos artificiais aos recém-nascidos exerce na amamentação? Resultados: foram analisados 38 artigos; a análise deu origem a duas categorias: fatores neonatais e fatores maternos de influência na amamentação exclusiva. A interrupção do aleitamento materno foi o fator neonatal mais relacionado ao uso de bicos artificiais, enquanto o nível de escolaridade materno destacou-se como fator interveniente na amamentação exclusiva. A chupeta foi o bico artificial mais encontrado citado, seguido da mamadeira e do protetor mamilar. Conclusões: as consequências da oferta de bicos artificiais às crianças em amamentação são, em sua maioria, negativas e relacionadas ao neonato, como o desmame precoce, a recusa do peito, a sucção prejudicada, a pega incorreta, a interferência no desenvolvimento orofacial e a interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo. As mães que ofereceram bicos artificiais aos seus filhos estão mais propensas a ter dor, fissura mamilar, frustração e redução da interação com seu filho.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sexual function of women in the puerperal period after a postpartum pelvic floor musculature training program. We also sought to evaluate correlations between sexual dysfunction in the women and their delivery type and compare the frequency of sexual dysfunction and the quality of resumed sexual function following vaginal and cesarean deliveries. METHODS: This clinical study included an intervention, carried out between July and December 2019, in which data were collected about 28 rooming-in women at a Maternity School. Data were divided into vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form to assess the Incontinence Urinary and qualifies urinary loss. The intervention consisted of a muscle training exercise program. ANOVA tests were used to establish differences between groups. RESULTS: There was an improvement in all outcomes, but there was no time versus group interaction. Improvement in sexual function was observed (p<0.001), the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life (p<0.001), and pressure of the muscles of pelvic floor muscles (p<0.001) over time. There was no time versus group interaction for sexual function (p=0.87), the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life (p=0.88), and pressure of the pelvic floor muscles (p=0.66). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic floor muscle exercise programs seem to be a very promising strategy concerning improving sexual activity among puerperal patients.

ABSTRACT Background: Clinical improvements following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may increase high-risk behaviors resulting in sexually transmitted infections (STI). Optimism related to the success of HAART in slowing disease progression, reducing viral load, and improving health status might be important factors for increasing sexual risk behaviors such as less use of condoms. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, high-risk HPV, and cervical cytological abnormalities among women living with HIV (WLHIV) who attended a Reference Center for STI/AIDS in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 151 WLHIV attending an STI Clinic in Vitória city, Brazil. A structured questionnaire, including demographic, behavioral, and clinical information, was used for data collection. Serological tests for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C and B, CD4 counts, and viral load determination were performed. Cervical samples were collected for cytology and real-time PCR for HPV, Chlamydia, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Results: In this study, 59% of women had at least one diagnosed STI at the time of the first clinic visit; 31% had clinical forms of anogenital HPV, 10% syphilis, 8%Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 5.0% trichomoniasis, 3% Chlamydia trachomatis, 1% hepatitis B, and 1% hepatitis C; 6.7% of the women presented with cervical cytological abnormalities. Furthermore, 46.3% of women had HR-HPV, and 17.6% had HPV 16/18. Only 5% of the women had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3, 61.6% had undetectable HIV viral load, and 81.3% were currently on HAART. Conclusion: A high prevalence of STI and HR-HPV infections were observed among HIV-infected women in this investigation. Prevention programs need to focus on counseling WLHIV and their regular partners with focused interventions such as couples counseling and education programs.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes arranjos de plantas de eucalipto sobre as características morfoanatômicas de lâminas foliares de plantas de capim 'Marandu' [(Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha)] cultivadas em sistemas agrossilvipastoris. O experimento foi estabelecido em condições de campo, em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em que as parcelas foram representadas pelos espaçamentos de plantio de eucalipto (12x2 e 12x4 m), e as subparcelas, pela distância entre o capim 'Marandu' e as fileiras de eucalipto (6, 4 e 2 m). Adicionou-se um controle apenas com capim 'Marandu', cultivado a sol pleno. As variáveis de anatomia foliar do capim 'Marandu' foram avaliadas quanto à interferência do sombreamento pelas árvores. A distância entre as plantas de capim 'Marandu' e as linhas de eucalipto interferiram na anatomia da lâmina foliar da forragem, e as maiores modificações ocorreram nas medidas lineares e proporções teciduais nos arranjos com maior densidade de eucalipto. A interferência do sombreamento pelo eucalipto nas características anatômicas das folhas de capim 'Marandu' depende do arranjo adotado. Isto ocorre em razão da adaptação do capim à baixa incidência de luz, com a consequente redução de sua atividade fisiológica e crescimento.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different arrangements of eucalyptus plants on the morphoanatomical characteristics of leaf blades of 'Marandu' grass [(Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha)] plants cultivated in agrosilvopastoral systems. The experiment was set in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, in which the plots were represented by planting spacings of eucalyptus (12x2 and 12x4 m), and the subplots, by the distance between 'Marandu' grass and eucalyptus rows (6, 4, and 2 m). A control was added, composed by 'Marandu' grass cultivated in full sun. Variables of the leaf anatomy of 'Marandu' grass were evaluated for shading interference by trees. The distance of 'Marandu' grass plants from the eucalyptus lines interfered with the leaf blade anatomy of the forage, and the highest modifications occurred in linear measures and tissue proportions in the arrangements with the highest eucalyptus density. The shading interference of eucalyptus on the anatomical characteristics of leaf blades of 'Marandu' grass depends on the adopted arrangement. This occurs due to the grass adaptation to the low-light incidence, with a consequent reduction in its physiological activity and growth.

ABSTRACT Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum. This protozoan causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an uncontrolled urban zoonosis in Brazil. Serological tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on peripheral blood were performed to identify infected dogs in scenarios of higher and lower prevalence of the disease (Teresina and Vitória). One-hundred infected and 57 non-infected animals from Teresina and 100 non-infected animals from Vitória were studied. Animal selection was not dependent on previous serology. The sensitivity (Teresina) and specificity (Teresina and Vitória) were as follows: indirect antibody fluorescence (IFAT) cut-off of 1:40 (IFAT 1:40): 96%, 18%, and 76%; IFAT 1:80: 90%, 33%, and 93%; direct agglutination test (DAT): 96%, 33%, and 98%; fast agglutination screening test (FAST): 93%, 68%, and 100%; immunochromatographic assay with a recombinant rK39 antigen (rK39): 88%, 74%, and 98%; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): 91%, 79%, and 98%; rapid dual-path platform test (TR DPP®): 98%, 60%, and 98%; and blood PCR: 29%, 93%, and 97%, respectively. In the high transmission area, none of the tests adequately discriminated L. infantum-infected from non-infected dogs. However, in the high transmission city, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of FAST, DAT, ICrK39, ELISA and TR DPP® was high.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Despite the therapeutic benefits of drugs, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occur. Method: We assessed a series of suspected ADRs identified from notifications and intensive monitoring of inpatients from March 2013 to March 2014. RESULTS: Skin reactions predominated (31%). Systemic anti-infective agents were implicated in 16 (72%) reactions. Fifteen (68%) ADRs were classified as possible. The implicated drug was not correctly identified by the healthcare team in 12 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Some reactions were not correctly attributed to the causative drug(s), suggesting that the use of a validated evaluation method can promote successful identification of causal links between ADRs and drugs.

INTRODUÇÃO: o sono é uma função biológica fundamental para a conservação da energia e a restauração do metabolismo energético.OBJETIVO: analisar o efeito de uma sessão do treinamento de força realizada em diferentes horários sobre a qualidade do sono de adolescentes e examinar se a relação entre a melhoria da qualidade do sono e o horário da sessão de treino se altera após o ajuste para idade.MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo seis estudantes do sexo masculino moradores internos do IFPE - Campus Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil. Foram realizadas três sessões de treinamento de força em diferentes horários manhã, tarde e noite, durante 12 semanas. A escala OMINI-RES foi utilizada para percepção do esforço. A qualidade do sono foi avaliada pelo Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh PSQI. Ainda foram avaliadas variáveis antropométricas massa corporal, estatura, IMC e a composição corporal % gordura, massa gorda e massa magra.RESULTADOS: foram observadas diferenças entre as sessões de treino realizadas em diferentes horários e a diagnose de qualidade do sono manhã: P < 0,001; tarde: P = 0,001; noite: P = 0,047. Houve correlação entre a sessão de treino realizada pela manhã r = 0,95 e à tarde r = 0,92 e a diagnose de qualidade do sono. Utilizando o modelo de regressão linear, as sessões de treinamento de força realizadas pela manhã R2= 0,91 e tarde R2= 0,75 explicaram de forma significativa a melhora da qualidade do sono em adolescentes, mesmo após o controle pela idade.CONCLUSÃO: as sessões de treinamento de força realizadas pela manhã e tarde apresentaram melhor resposta de qualidade do sono de adolescentes.

INTRODUCTION: sleep is a fundamental biological function for energy conservation and restoration of the energy metabolism.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of a session of strength training performed at different times on the quality of sleep of adolescents and to examine the relationship between improving the quality of sleep and the time of the training session changes after adjusting for age.METHODS: participated in this investigation six male students internal residents of IFPE - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil. Three strength training sessions were performed at different times morning, afternoon and evening for 12 weeks. The OMNI-RES scale was used to perceived exertion. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI. Anthropometric variables body weight, height, BMI and body composition %fat, fat mass and lean mass were evaluated.RESULTS: differences were observed between training sessions at different times and the diagnosis of sleep quality morning: P<0.001; afternoon: P=0.001; evening: P=0.047. There was a correlation between the training session held in the morning r=0.95 and in the afternoon r=0.92 and the diagnosis of sleep quality. Using the linear regression model, the strength training sessions held in the morning R2=0.91 and afternoon R2=0.75 explained the significantly improved quality of sleep in adolescents, even after adjusting for age.CONCLUSION: the strength training sessions in the morning and afternoon showed better response in the quality of sleep of adolescents.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el sueño es una función biológica básica en la conservación de la energía y la restauración del metabolismo energético.OBJETIVO: analizar el efecto de una sesión de entrenamiento de fuerza realizada en diferentes momentos en la calidad del sueño de los adolescentes y examinar si la relación entre la mejora de la calidad del sueño y el horario de la sesión de entrenamiento cambia después del ajuste para la edad.MÉTODOS: participaron del estudio seis estudiantes varones residentes internos de IFPE - Campus Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil. Tres sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza se llevaron a cabo en diferentes momentos mañana, tarde y noche durante 12 semanas. La escala OMNI-RES se utilizó para el esfuerzo percibido. La calidad del sueño se evaluó mediante el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh PSQI. Las variables antropométricas también fueron evaluadas peso, talla, índice de masa corporal y la composición corporal % de grasa, la masa grasa y la masa magra.RESULTADOS: se observaron diferencias entre las sesiones de entrenamiento realizadas en diferentes momentos y el diagnóstico de la calidad del sueño mañana: P < 0,001; tarde: P = 0,001; noche: P = 0,047. Hubo una correlación entre la sesión de entrenamiento realizada en la mañana r = 0,95 y la tarde r = 0,92 y el diagnóstico de la calidad del sueño. Usando el modelo de la regresión lineal las sesiones del entrenamiento de fuerza llevadas a cabo en la mañana R2 = 0,91 y R2 = 0,75 explicaron de modo significativo la mejora de la calidad del sueño en los adolescentes, incluso después del ajuste por edad.CONCLUSIÓN: las sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza en la mañana y por la tarde tenían mejor respuesta de la calidad del sueño de adolescentes.

Viruses are the leading cause for hospitalization due to gastroenteritis worldwide. Group A rotaviruses (RV) are the most prevalent and are assorted in glycoproteins (G) and protease sensitive (P) dual genotypes based on polymorphic genes that encode the external VP7 and VP4 capsid proteins, respectively. Noroviruses (NoV) have increasingly answered by sporadic gastroenteritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NoV and RV in 68 hospitalized children, between July 2004 and November 2006, at a pediatric hospital in Vitória city, state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. Nucleic acid was extracted from fecal suspension following the guanidine-silica procedure. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were employed for NoV and RV detection, respectively. RV genotyping was accomplished using RT-PCR followed by heminested multiplex PCR with specific primers for the most prevalent types of G and P. Fecal samples were positive for NoV and RV in 39.7% (27/68) and 20.5% (14/68), respectively and together were responsible for 60% (41/68) of the cases. RV genotypes were: 50% G9P[8], 28.7% G2P[4], 7.1% G1P[8], G2P[8] and G?P[8]. Vomit was a prominent manifestation observed in 92% and 85% of the NoV and RV cases, respectively. The median hospitalization was 5 and 5.5 days for the patients infected with NoV and RV, respectively. The data showed that NoV prevailed over RV and it also corroborated the emergence of RV G9 genotype followed by G2P[4], reinforcing the need for RV genotype surveillance.

Realizou-se um estudo ecológico com a análise da distribuição espacial dos 979 novos casos de tuberculose entre 2000 e 2005. Utilizou-se o Método Bayesiano Empírico Local para estimação do risco. O Índice de Moram Local foi calculado para avaliação das autocorrelações entre as incidências de bairros limítrofes. Observou-se que a tuberculose distribui-se heterogeneamente entre os bairros, sendo possível identificar regiões com alto risco de adoecimento.

We carried out an ecological study in which the spatial distribution of 979 new tuberculosis cases between 2000 and 2005 were analyzed. The risk was estimated using the local empirical Bayesian method. The local indicators of spatial association were calculated to evaluate autocorrelations of incidence between adjoining districts. We found that the tuberculosis cases were heterogeneously distributed between districts, and it was possible to identify regions in which there was a high risk of becoming ill.