Abstract Plutella xylostella (L.) is responsible for considerable vegetable crop losses in the metropolitan region of Manaus, Brazil. In recent decades, essential oils have been investigated as an alternative to synthetic insecticides. The genusPiperis widely distributed in Amazonia and essential oils from these plants have insecticidal properties. This study describes the chemical composition of the essential oils fromPiper capiterianumandPiper krukoffiias well as the lethal and sublethal effects onP. xylostella. The phytotoxicity of the oils on the host plant was also evaluated. Globulol was the major constituent of theP. krukoffiioil ando-cymene was the major constituent of theP. capitarianumoil. The oil fromP. capiterianumexhibited greater toxicity to larvae and eggs. This oil also presented greater repellant action, feeding deterrence and mild phytotoxicity to the host plant (Brassicae oleraceae). The findings suggest that this oil can be used in the preparation of a formulated insecticide for the management ofP. xylostellain different development phases. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of this oil on crops under field conditions as well as non-target organisms and determine the cost-benefit ratio of a product formulated withP. capitarianumoil.

Essential oils from the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of Melaleuca leucadendra growing in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of the oils and their major constituent were evaluated on the agricultural pests Tetranychus urticae and Plutella xylostella in different stages of development. The analysis revealed a M. leucadendra chemotype rich in (E)-nerolidol (81.78 ± 0.90 to 95.78 ± 1.20%). P. xylostella was more susceptible to the oils and major constituent than T. urticae. The fruit oil was 1.5-fold more toxic than the leaf oil to T. urticae eggs. (E)-Nerolidol was 5.5-fold and 4.5-fold more toxic to T. urticae adults than the leaf and fruit oils, respectively. Azamax® used as the positive control was more efficient than the oils and (E)-nerolidol against T. urticae. However, the oils and (E)-nerolidol were more toxic to P. xylostella than Azamax®.

ABSTRACT Essential oils from the leaves of two species of the genus Ocotea that occur in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acaricidal activity of these oils as well as 11 selected components and blends were evaluated in fumigation and residual contact tests against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Sixty-seven constituents were identified, totaling 97.3 ± 0.3% and 97.8 ± 0.5% of the oils from O. duckei and O. glomerata, respectively. Sesquiterpene was the dominant class. The compounds β-caryophyllene (18.6 ± 0.1%) and aromadendrene (17.3 ± 0.6%) were the main constituents of the oils from O. duckei and O. glomerata, respectively. Acaricidal action varied depending on the method employed, species and chemical nature of the selected constituents. The mites were susceptible to the oils and chemical constituents using the fumigation method. The O. duckei oil was respectively 2.5-fold and 1.5-fold more toxic than the O. glomerata oil using the fumigation and residual contact methods. Among the selected constituents, β-caryophyllene was the most toxic, independently of the method employed. The individual toxicity of the selected compounds and their blends as well as the role of these constituents in the overall toxicity of the essential oils are also discussed.

O estudo teve por proposta, verificar a correlação entre densidade mineral óssea e nível de atividade física, bem como à ingestão alimentar e parâmetros antropométricos, além de avaliar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) de mulheres menopausa. Foi feito o exame de densitometria óssea, da região lombar (L1 a L4), colo de fêmur, e fêmur total, como também utilizar o auto-recordatório das atividades do cotidiano de Bouchard; utilizado o registro alimentar de Buker e Stuart, para dosar e quantificar a ingestão diária de cálcio e vitamina D. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi considerado um valor padrão de α = 0,05 para comparar as médias das DMO. Constatou-se que cem por cento dos indivíduos avaliados, apresentam um grau de DMO, abaixo da média prevista pela organização mundial de saúde (OMS), estando 14,4% no quadro de osteopenia e 85,6% com osteoporose, com uma menor DMO na região do fêmur (0,721g), e com maior perda entre as mulheres que não fazem atividade física (0,698g). Não houve correlação entre a prática de atividade física e a densidade mineral óssea, porém existe correlação quando associada a padrões antropométricos e ingestão diária de vitamina D.

This paper aimed to verify the correlation between bone mineral density and the level of physical activity, as well as the food intake and the anthropometric parameters. It intended to analyse the bone mineral density (BMD) of menopausal women through the bone densitometry test (DO) in the lumbar region (L1 to L4), femoral neck and total femur, and also use Bouchard’s self-recall of daily activities; employing the food record from Buker and Stuart to dose and quantify the daily intake of calcium and vitamin D. The data were analysed via Kolmogorov-Smirnov’s test, and default value of α = 0.05 was set to compare the BMD averages. It was observed that one hundred percent of the assessed individuals had a BMD level below the average fixed by WHO: 14.4% with osteopenia and 85.6% with osteoporosis; a lower BMD in the femoral area (0.721g) and the biggest loss among the sedentary ones (0.698g). It was noticed that there was a correlation between the physical activities and the BMD only when associated with anthropometric standards and the daily ingestion of vitamin D.

Foi realizado o isolamento do vírus rábico em morcego insetívoro Nyctinomops macrotis capturado próximo à represa Billings e à mata Atlântica, no Município de Diadema, SP (Brasil). A pesquisa do antígeno rábico no tecido cerebral do morcego apresentou resultado positivo na reação de imunofluorescência direta. O isolamento do vírus rábico no tecido cerebral e nas glândulas salivares do morcego foi obtido através da inoculação intracerebral em camundongos. O Município de Diadema não apresentava casos de raiva animal desde 1982, sendo este o primeiro relato da presença do vírus rábico em morcego insetívoro.

The rabies virus was isolated from an insectivorous bat, Nyctinomops macrotis, trapped in Diadema, SP, Brazil, in a public building near a water supply reservoir. Fluorescent antibodies against rabies virus were detected in cerebral tissue and the viral isolation was made after the inoculation of cerebral tissue and salivary gland suspension in mice. There have been no recorded cases of animal rabies in Diadema since 1982, and this is the first isolation of the rabies virus in an insectivorous bat in the city.

Foi realizado o isolamento do vírus rábico em morcego insetívoro Nyctinomops macrotis capturado próximo à represa Billings e à mata Atlântica, no Município de Diadema, SP (Brasil). A pesquisa do antígeno rábico no tecido cerebral do morcego apresentou resultado positivo na reação de imunofluorescência direta. O isolamento do vírus rábico no tecido cerebral e nas glândulas salivares do morcego foi obtido através da inoculação intracerebral em camundongos. O Município de Diadema não apresentava casos de raiva animal desde 1982, sendo este o primeiro relato da presença do vírus rábico em morcego insetívoro.

The rabies virus was isolated from an insectivorous bat, Nyctinomops macrotis, trapped in Diadema, SP, Brazil, in a public building near a water supply reservoir. Fluorescent antibodies against rabies virus were detected in cerebral tissue and the viral isolation was made after the inoculation of cerebral tissue and salivary gland suspension in mice. There have been no recorded cases of animal rabies in Diadema since 1982, and this is the first isolation of the rabies virus in an insectivorous bat in the city.