ABSTRACT Chloroquine (CQ) and its analog hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were recently included in several clinical trials as potential prophylactic and therapeutic options for SARS-COV-2 infection/covid-19. However, drug effectiveness in preventing, treating, or slowing the progression of the disease is still unknown. Despite some initial promising in vitro results, rigorous pre-clinical animal studies and randomized clinical trials have not been performed yet. On the other hand, while the potential effectiveness of CQ/HCQ is, at best, hypothetical, their side effects are factual and most worrisome, particularly when considering vulnerable groups of patients being treated with these drugs. in this comment, we briefly explain the possible mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ for treating other diseases, possible actions against covid-19, and their potent side effects, in order to reinforce the necessity of evaluating the benefit-risk balance when widely prescribing these drugs for SARS-COV-2 infection/covid-19. We conclude by strongly recommending against their indiscriminate use.

ABSTRACT Chloroquine (CQ) and its analog hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were recently included in several clinical trials as potential prophylactic and therapeutic options for SARS-COV-2 infection/covid-19. However, drug effectiveness in preventing, treating, or slowing the progression of the disease is still unknown. Despite some initial promising in vitro results, rigorous pre-clinical animal studies and randomized clinical trials have not been performed yet. On the other hand, while the potential effectiveness of CQ/HCQ is, at best, hypothetical, their side effects are factual and most worrisome, particularly when considering vulnerable groups of patients being treated with these drugs. in this comment, we briefly explain the possible mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ for treating other diseases, possible actions against covid-19, and their potent side effects, in order to reinforce the necessity of evaluating the benefit-risk balance when widely prescribing these drugs for SARS-COV-2 infection/covid-19. We conclude by strongly recommending against their indiscriminate use.

Censos visuais estacionários foram realizados em um recife artificial (21º29'S, 41º00'W) para determinar o papel da complexidade estrutural e da comunidade bêntica como agentes modeladores da comunidade íctica. Módulos de concreto foram agrupados de acordo com a combinação do fator complexidade estrutural através da presença/ausência de cavidades internas nos módulos e de superfícies favoráveis/desfavoráveis à colonização da comunidade bêntica através de tinta anti-incrustante. De dezembro de 2002 a março de 2003, foram registrados maiores valores de abundância, riqueza e diversidade nos módulos complexos. Padrões de uso de habitat similares foram observados de acordo com a posição vertical na coluna de água e tipo de fundo: peixes demersais, de fundo consolidado e habitat generalista preferiram módulos complexos. Os resultados indicam que relações tróficas e seleção de habitat relacionada ao estágio ontogenético são também importantes agentes modeladores da comunidade íctica, uma vez que peixes juvenis buscam ativamente os módulos experimentais estruturalmente mais complexos.

Stationary visual census surveys were performed on an experimental artificial reef (21º29'S, 41º00'W) to clarify the role of structural complexity and benthic community as fish community modeling agents. Concrete modules of four types were grouped according to the combination of structural complexity through the presence/absence of holes and favourable/unfavourable surface for benthic colonization by anti-fouling painting. The survey (December 2002 to March 2003) showed higher abundance, richness and diversity in the complex modules. The same habitat usage pattern was observed according to vertical position and bottom type categories: demersal, hard-bottom and habitat generalist fishes preferred the complex ones. A higher number of juveniles occurred at those modules. It is assumed that trophic relationships and different habitat selection related to ontogenetic stages are also important modeling agents to the fish community structure since juvenile fish seem to actively seek the experimental complex modules.