The use of steel fibers in concrete affects its rheological properties in the fresh state and increases its energy absorption capacity in the hardened state. Rubber fibers come from tires and when incorporated into concrete, they promote an improvement in its damping factor. This work aimed to evaluate the use of rubber fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with steel fibers. The evaluated properties were: compressive strength, tensile strength, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity and damping. The mixes of the tested concretes varied the consumption of steel and rubber fibers. From the results found, it can be seen that the rubber associated with steel fibers within the concrete mixtures improves the damping rates of the material. factor were strength found material

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar as barreiras para tomada de decisão baseada em evidências na prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis segundo a percepção dos administradores de saúde no estado do Paraná. Métodos Foram realizadas entrevistas por telefone com 20 diretores de regionais de saúde, por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado. As entrevistas foram realizadas em 2015 e tiveram duração média de 23 minutos. Após transcrição, o conteúdo das entrevistas foi analisado para identificação de categorias. Resultados Foram identificadas duas categorias de barreiras, organizacionais e pessoais. As barreiras organizacionais mais frequentes foram: “falta de planejamento e gestão” e “características regionais e culturais da população”. As barreiras pessoais mais frequentes foram: “falta de incentivo e dificuldades para trabalhar com evidências científicas” e “falta de capacitação e qualificação profissional”. Conclusão Sugere-se reforçar o apoio aos profissionais de saúde através de cursos de capacitação técnica que envolvam esforços políticos e científicos e que atendam as prioridades de saúde da comunidade.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the barriers to evidence-based decision-making regarding chronic noncommunicable diseases perceived by health administrators from the state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods Telephone interviews were performed with 20 health region directors using a semi-structured script. The interviews were performed in 2015 and had a mean duration of 23 minutes. After transcription of the interview, the contents were analyzed for identification of subject categories. Results Two categories were identified: organizational and personal barriers. The most frequent organizational barriers were “poor planning or management” and “regional and cultural characteristics of the population.” The most frequent personal barriers were “lack of incentive and difficulty to work with scientific evidence” and “lack of training and professional qualification.” Conclusion Support to health professionals should be enhanced through technical training courses linked to political and scientific efforts that address the health needs of the community.

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar los obstáculos para la toma de decisiones basada en la evidencia referentes a la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, según la percepción de los administradores de servicios de salud en el estado de Paraná. Métodos Se realizaron entrevistas telefónicas a 20 directores de unidades regionales de salud, por medio de una guía semiestructurada. Las entrevistas se efectuaron en el 2015 y duraron un promedio de 23 minutos. Después de la transcripción, se analizó su contenido para determinar los tipos de obstáculos existentes. Resultados Se detectaron dos tipos de obstáculos, a saber, organizacionales y personales. Los obstáculos organizacionales más frecuentes fueron la falta de planificación y de gestión y las características regionales y culturales de la población. Los obstáculos personales más frecuentes fueron la falta de incentivos, las dificultades para trabajar con pruebas científicas y la falta de capacitación y de idoneidad profesional. Conclusión Se sugiere reforzar el apoyo a los profesionales de salud por medio de cursos de capacitación técnica que abarquen esfuerzos políticos y científicos y atiendan las prioridades de salud de la comunidad.

As principais manifestações otorrinolaringológicas da Fibrose Cística são a rinossinusite crônica e a polipose nasossinusal, com diferentes apresentações clínicas. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar, do ponto de vista nasossinusal, as crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística por meio de um questionário, do exame clínico e da endoscopia nasal. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico descritivo transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Avaliação de 100 crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística por meio de um questionário específico, exame físico otorrinolaringológico, endoscopia nasal e estadiamento endoscópico dos pólipos nasais. RESULTADOS: Os sintomas mais frequentes foram: tosse (45%), respiração oral (44%), distúrbios do sono (42%) e obstrução nasal (37%). Vinte e oito pacientes (28%) apresentaram secreção mucopurulenta nasal e 41% apresentaram abaulamento medial da parede lateral do nariz. Os pólipos nasais foram identificados em apenas 14% dos casos, nenhum deles era obliterante. CONCLUSÃO: O questionário, o exame clínico e especialmente a endoscopia nasal permitiram uma avaliação detalhada das características nasais das crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística. Alguns achados foram discordantes da literatura, principalmente a baixa prevalência encontrada de pólipos nasais, e parecem estar relacionados com características próprias da população estudada. A melhor caracterização desse grupo de pacientes, do ponto de vista otorrinolaringológico, contribui para uma adequada abordagem multidisciplinar.

The main otorhinolaryngological manifestations of CF are chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, with different clinical presentations. AIM: To characterize children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis through a questionnaire, an ENT clinical examination and nasal endoscopy. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical descriptive. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Assessment of 100 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis through a specific questionnaire, ENT physical examination, nasal endoscopy and endoscopic staging of nasal polyps. RESULTS: The most frequent symptoms were: cough (45%), oral breathing (44%), sleep disorders (42%) and nasal obstruction (37%). Twenty-eight patients (28%) had purulent nasal discharge, and 41% had medial bulging of the nasal lateral wall. Nasal polyps were identified in only 14% of cases, none were obstructing. CONCLUSION:The questionnaire, clinical examination and especially nasal endoscopy lead to a detailed assessment of the nasal characteristics of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Some findings were discordant with the literature, particularly the low prevalence of nasal polyps, and appear to be related to specific characteristics of the population studied. The best characterization of this group of patients, from the ENT standpoint, contributes to an appropriate multidisciplinary approach.

Background: Different countries have conducted comparability studies between Revisions 10 and 9 of the International Classification of Diseases for aggregate lists of causes of death. In Spain, the COMPARA project was aimed at evaluating the impact of the revision change. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study of 88,048 deaths recorded in Spain in 1999 with the underlying cause of death doubled coded in ICD-9 and ICD-10. The theoretical correspondences between the ICD on the lists of the National Institute of Statistics and Murcia are established. The comparability rates and their confidence intervals, and the total kappa index were calculated. Results: A decline in infectious diseases (-1.7%) and viral hepatitis, (-12.3%) declined under Tenth revision, while AIDS showed an increase (5.7%). Neoplasms increased a little (0.3%) with the inclusion of the Mielodisplasic Syndrome (55.2%). Diabetes mellitus is increased (2.1%). Mental disorders declined on dementia being shifted to Alzheimer's disease (28.6%). Cardiovascular diseases dropped slightly (-1.4%), without any impact on cerebrovascular diseases, although acute myocardial infarct decreased (-0.6%) while ischemic heart disease increased (0.3%). Pneumonia decreased (-12.5%) and hepatic cirrhosis grows (4.3%). Ill-defined conditions increased due to cardiorespiratory insufficiencies. The external causes show no change without including the accuracy of ICD-9. The National Institute of Statistics 102 groups list obtained a total kappa index of 95.4%, similar to the Murcia variants. Conclusions: Although ICD-10 has a lesser overall impact, the significant comparability rates of the causes of death groups between the revisions with important absolute differences should be taken into account.

Fundamento: Diversos países han realizado estudios de comparabilidad entre las revisiones 10ª y 9ª de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades para listas agregadas de causas de muerte. En España el proyecto COMPARA pretende evaluar el impacto del cambio de revisión. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico transversal descriptivo de 88.048 defunciones inscritas en 1999 en España con la causa de muerte doblemente codificada en CIE-9 y 10. Se establecen las correspondencias teóricas entre CIE en las listas INE y Murcia. Se calculan las razones de comparabilidad e intervalos de confianza y el índice kappa global. Resultados: Descienden las enfermedades infecciosas (-1,7%), las hepatitis víricas (-12,3%), mientras que aumenta el Sida (5,7%). Las neoplasias aumentan el 0,3% por la incorporación del síndrome mielodisplásico (55,2%). Se incrementa la diabetes mellitus (2,1%). Se reducen los trastornos mentales al salir las demencias hacia la enfermedad de Alzheimer (28,6%). Las enfermedades cardiovasculares descienden ligeramente (-1,4%), sin impacto sobre las cerebrovasculares, aunque el infarto agudo de miocardio decrece (-0,6%) con aumento de la enfermedad isquémica cardiaca (0,3%). La neumonía decrece (-12,5%) y la cirrosis hepática se aumenta (4,3%). Las entidades mal definidas aumentan por la cesión de las insuficiencias cardiorrespiratorias. Las causas externas no varían sin que recojan la precisión de la CIE-9. La lista INE - 102 grupos obtiene un índice kappa del 95,4%, similar a las variantes de Murcia. Conclusiones: Aunque el impacto global de la CIE-10 es menor, se deberían tener en cuenta las razones de comparabilidad significativas de los grupos de causas de muerte con diferencias absolutas importantes entre las revisiones.

Background: Different countries have conducted comparability studies between Revisions 10 and 9 of the International Classification of Diseases for aggregate lists of causes of death. In Spain, the COMPARA project was aimed at evaluating the impact of the revision change. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study of 88,048 deaths recorded in Spain in 1999 with the underlying cause of death doubled coded in ICD-9 and ICD-10. The theoretical correspondences between the ICD on the lists of the National Institute of Statistics and Murcia are established. The comparability rates and their confidence intervals, and the total kappa index were calculated. Results: A decline in infectious diseases (-1.7%) and viral hepatitis, (-12.3%) declined under Tenth revision, while AIDS showed an increase (5.7%). Neoplasms increased a little (0.3%) with the inclusion of the Mielodisplasic Syndrome (55.2%). Diabetes mellitus is increased (2.1%). Mental disorders declined on dementia being shifted to Alzheimer's disease (28.6%). Cardiovascular diseases dropped slightly (-1.4%), without any impact on cerebrovascular diseases, although acute myocardial infarct decreased (-0.6%) while ischemic heart disease increased (0.3%). Pneumonia decreased (-12.5%) and hepatic cirrhosis grows (4.3%). Ill-defined conditions increased due to cardiorespiratory insufficiencies. The external causes show no change without including the accuracy of ICD-9. The National Institute of Statistics 102 groups list obtained a total kappa index of 95.4%, similar to the Murcia variants. Conclusions: Although ICD-10 has a lesser overall impact, the significant comparability rates of the causes of death groups between the revisions with important absolute differences should be taken into account.

Fundamento: Diversos países han realizado estudios de comparabilidad entre las revisiones 10ª y 9ª de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades para listas agregadas de causas de muerte. En España el proyecto COMPARA pretende evaluar el impacto del cambio de revisión. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico transversal descriptivo de 88.048 defunciones inscritas en 1999 en España con la causa de muerte doblemente codificada en CIE-9 y 10. Se establecen las correspondencias teóricas entre CIE en las listas INE y Murcia. Se calculan las razones de comparabilidad e intervalos de confianza y el índice kappa global. Resultados: Descienden las enfermedades infecciosas (-1,7%), las hepatitis víricas (-12,3%), mientras que aumenta el Sida (5,7%). Las neoplasias aumentan el 0,3% por la incorporación del síndrome mielodisplásico (55,2%). Se incrementa la diabetes mellitus (2,1%). Se reducen los trastornos mentales al salir las demencias hacia la enfermedad de Alzheimer (28,6%). Las enfermedades cardiovasculares descienden ligeramente (-1,4%), sin impacto sobre las cerebrovasculares, aunque el infarto agudo de miocardio decrece (-0,6%) con aumento de la enfermedad isquémica cardiaca (0,3%). La neumonía decrece (-12,5%) y la cirrosis hepática se aumenta (4,3%). Las entidades mal definidas aumentan por la cesión de las insuficiencias cardiorrespiratorias. Las causas externas no varían sin que recojan la precisión de la CIE-9. La lista INE - 102 grupos obtiene un índice kappa del 95,4%, similar a las variantes de Murcia. Conclusiones: Aunque el impacto global de la CIE-10 es menor, se deberían tener en cuenta las razones de comparabilidad significativas de los grupos de causas de muerte con diferencias absolutas importantes entre las revisiones.