RESUMEN Objetivo: Validar la escala de Autoestigma por Búsqueda de Ayuda (ABA), conocida en inglés como Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH), en una población de estudiantes de una facultad de Medicina para su uso en Colombia. Método: Se incluyó a 384 estudiantes de Medicina de la ciudad de Medellín. Se realizaron 2 traducciones directas, 2 en sentido inverso y 1 prueba piloto. Luego se evaluó la consistencia interna, la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba y la validez del constructo estructural, convergente, divergente y discriminativa. Resultados: Se obtuvo una versión en español de fácil comprensión y diligenciamiento. La consistencia interna de la escala fue adecuada (alfa de Cronbach = 0,80; IC95%, 0,77-0,83) al igual que la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba (CCI = 0,77; IC95%, 0,63-0,86). El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un buen ajuste con la estructura unidimensional (RMSEA = 0,073; IC90%, 0,056-0,089; CFI = 0,968; TLI = 0,977; WRMR = 0,844). La validez convergente se mantuvo con la correlación con las escalas de estigma público (p = 0,39) y de actitudes hacia la búsqueda de ayuda (p = -0,50) y la validez divergente con la escala de deseabilidad social (p = -0,05). Al examinar la validez discriminativa, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones de quienes estarían dispuestos a buscar ayuda profesional en caso de tener un problema de salud mental y quienes probablemente no lo harían (diferencia de medias, 4,9; IC95%, 2,99-6,83). Conclusiones: La versión colombiana de la ABA es válida, confiable y útil para la medición del autoestigma asociado con la búsqueda de ayuda profesional en población universitaria del área de la salud de Colombia. Se debe investigar sus propiedades psicométricas en poblaciones de otros programas y no universitarias.

ABSTRACT Objective: Validate the Self Stigma Of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale in a population of students of a medical school for its use in Colombia. Methods: We included 384 medical students from the city of Medellín. Initially, two direct translations were made, two back translation and one pilot test. The internal consistency, test-retest repeatability and structural, convergent, divergent and discriminative construct validity were then evaluated. Results: A easy-to-understand and to fill out Spanish version was obtained. The internal consistency of the scale was adequate (Cronbach's alpha = .80; 95%CI, .77-.83) as well as the test-retest repeatability (CCI = .77; 95%CI, .63-.86). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit with the one-dimensional structure (RMSEA = .073; IC90%, .056-.089; CFI = .968; TLI = .977; WRMR= .844). The convergent validity was supported by the correlation with the Public Stigma scales (p=.39) and Attitudes towards Seeking Help (p= -0.50) and the divergent validity with the Social Desirability scale (p=-0,05). When examining the discriminative validity, differences were found between the scores of those who would be willing to seek professional help when having a mental health problem and those who probably would not (Difference of means = 4.9; 95%CI, 2.99-6.83). Conclusions: The Colombian version of the SSOSH is valid, reliable and useful for the measurement of the Self-stigma associated with seeking professional help in the university population of the Colombian health sector. Its psychometric properties must be investigated in populations of other programs and outside universities.

Objective: Analyzing the IQ and associated factors in school children aged 6 to 8 years old from the northeastern and northwestern districts of Medellin, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Simple, random, stratified sampling was carried out according to grade, level and commune; the sample consisted of 423 male and female children. The Wechsler intelligence scale (WISCIV) was used for evaluating the children’s IQ and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) for evaluating the children’s psychosocial stimulation/quality of their home environment. WHO cutoff points were used as reference standards for assessing their nutritional status. Results: The following risk factors explained IQ scores and rates: the parents’ academic problems, the siblings’ behavioral problems, the mothers’ alcoholism during pregnancy and aggressive behavior at home. Conclusion: The IQ scores and associated rates for children who attended early school years in the two poorest districts of Medellin were correlated with psychosocial background factors and aggressive behavior at home.

Objetivo: Analizar el coeficiente intelectual y los factores asociados en niños escolarizados de 6 a 8 años en las comunas Nororiental y Norocidental de la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple, polietápico y estratificado según grado escolar y comuna, la muestra estuvo constituida por 423 niños de ambos sexos. El coeficiente intelectual se evaluó con la Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Niños WISCIV y la estimulación psicosocial con Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). Para la valoración del estado nutricional se utilizó las normas de referencia y puntos de corte de la OMS. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo que explican las puntuaciones en el Coeficiente Intelectual Total y sus índices fueron: Historia de problemas académicos de la madre y padre e historia de problemas de comportamiento de los hermanos, alcoholismo de la madre durante el embarazo y conductas agresivas en el hogar. Conclusión: En los niños que cursan los primeros años de escolaridad en las dos comunas más pobres de Medellín, el coeficiente intelectual y sus índices se encuentra correlacionado con factores de antecedencia psicosocial y conductas agresivas en el hogar.

Objective: This study was aimed at establishing subgroups having specific socioeconomic characteristics by using latent class analysis as a method for segmenting target population members of the MANA-ICBF supplementary food program in the Antioquia department of Colombia and determine their differences regarding poverty and health conditions in efficiently addressing pertinent resources, programs and policies. Methods: The target population consisted of 200,000 children and their households involved in the MANA food assistance program; a representative sample by region was used. Latent class analysis was used, as were the expectation-maximization and Newton Raphson algorithms for identifying the appropriate number of classes. Results: The final model classified the households into four clusters or classes, differing according to well-defined socio-demographic conditions affecting children's health. Conclusions: Some homes had a greater depth of poverty, therefore lowering the families' quality of life and affecting the health of the children in this age group.

Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo establecer subgrupos con características socioeconómicas específicas mediante la utilización del análisis de clases latentes como método de segmentación de la población beneficiaria del programa de complementación alimentaria alianza MANA-ICBF. Antioquia Colombia y que permita determinar sus diferencias en sus condiciones de pobreza y salud para una mejor focalización de los recursos, programas y políticas públicas. Métodos: Población constituida por 200 000 niños y sus hogares beneficiarios del programa MANA. Se utilizó una muestra representativa por región. Se utilizó el análisis de clases latentes utilizando el algoritmo de Expectatio/Maximization y de Newton Raphson para identificar el número apropiado de clases. Resultados: El modelo final clasificó a los hogares en cuatro conglomerados que difieren entre sí de acuerdo a condiciones socio demográficas bien definidas que afectan la salud de los niños beneficiarios del programa. Conclusiones: Hay hogares en donde hay mayor profundización de la pobreza, por consiguiente condiciones de calidad de vida inferiores que afecta la salud de los niños de este grupo poblacional.

A infecção pela Giardia intestinalis está amplamente distribuída no mundo apresentando a maior prevalência nos países em desenvolvimento. Em crianças, esta parasitose pode ter conseqüências graves no estado geral de saúde assim como no ganho de peso e estatura. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estabelecer a associação entre a infecção com Giardia e o estado nutricional das crianças beneficiárias do programa de complementação alimentar - MANA. Um estudo de corte no qual foram avaliadas 2035 crianças entre os oito meses e os seis anos de idade foi realizado. A informação foi obtida a partir de questionários estruturados, medições antropométricas e exame de fezes. Os resultados mostraram que 27,6% das crianças estavam infectadas com Giardia intestinalis, das quais 8,1% apresentaram desnutrição moderada, 1,9% desnutrição grave e 14,1% franca queda no crescimento. Em conclusão, nesta população a Giardíase foi indicador de desnutrição grave.

Giardia intestinalis infection is prevalent throughout the world and widely distributed in developing countries. In general, children display serious consequences to their state of health, including slow height-weight development; therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the association between Giardia infection and the nutritional status of children who participate in the program of complementary feeding (Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia (MANA) - Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF)). A cross-sectional study examining the association of giardiasis with nutritional status was conducted. A total of 2035 children aged eight months to six years-old were studied. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and laboratory analysis of blood and stool samples. Analysis of the results showed that 27.6% of children were infected with G. intestinalis, while 8.1% and 1.9% were mildly and significantly underweight, respectively, and 14.1% presented stunting. Giardiasis was statistically identified as a strong predictor of stunting in this study population.