Resumo O alho (Allium sativum) é uma importante cultura alimentar de rendimento e a indústria biotecnológica tem um interesse considerável na planta devido à sua importância medicinal. As propriedades medicinais são atribuídas aos compostos organossulfurados, enquanto o acúmulo de sulfóxidos de cisteína (CSOs) varia de acordo com genótipo, localidade, qualidade da luz e práticas de cultivo. Neste estudo, comparamos uma variedade de alho recém-desenvolvida NARC-G1 pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Agropecuária (NARC), Islamabade, Paquistão, com três diferentes cultivares de alho, e destacamos os atributos distintivos, como características fenotípicas, conteúdo de alicina, perfil elementar e gene polimorfismo. A análise fenotípica mostrou que o NARC-G1 tem peso de bulbo significativamente maior (66.36g ± 18.58), peso de um único dente (5.87g ± 1.041) e largura do dente (17.41mm ± 0.95), o que se correlaciona diretamente com o tamanho do alho. A análise analítica indicou maior teor de alicina (4.82 ± 0.001) no NARC-G1. A genotipagem do gene da aliinase em todas as quatro cultivares mostrou indels no gene, resultando em mudanças distinguíveis no perfil das CSOs. O NARC-G1 é único em relação a outras cultivares de alho e pode ser a melhor escolha para produção em massa com cultivo adequado e manejo de irrigação. Além disso, para o Paquistão, o NARC-G1 pode ser um potencial candidato para obter os benefícios industriais com o cultivo no interior, em vez de importar alho, aliviando o ônus econômico.

Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum) is an important cash food crop, and the biotechnology industry has considerable interest in the plant because of its medicinal importance. These medicinal properties are attributed to organosulphur compounds as the accumulation of these compounds varies according to genotype, locality, light quality, and cultivation practices. In this study, we compared a newly developed garlic variety NARC-G1 by National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan with three different garlic cultivars and highlighted the distinctive attributes like phenotypic characteristics, the content of allicin, elemental profile, and gene polymorphism. Phenotypic analysis showed NARC-G1 has significantly higher bulb weight (66.36g ± 18.58), single clove weight (5.87g ± 1.041), and clove width (17.41mm ± 0.95) which directly correlates to the size of the garlic. The analytical analysis showed the highest allicin content (4.82 ± 0.001) in NARC-G1. Genotyping of the alliinase in all four cultivars showed indels in the gene resulting in distinguishable changes in organosulphur compounds’ profile. NARC-G1 is unique from other garlic cultivars and could be the best choice for mass production with proper cultivation and irrigation management. Moreover, for Pakistan NARC-G1 could be a potential contender to earn the industrial benefits with inland cultivation instead of importing garlic alleviating the economic burden.

ABSTRACT. Increased depressive severity has been linked to neurocognitive impairment. Aerobic exercise (AE) is an efficient technique for improving cognitive function. However, studies indicating the importance of AE to neurophysiological and neuropsychological functions in the depressed elderly using event-related potentials (ERPs) are scarce. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the potential benefits of AE on neurophysiological and neuropsychological functions. Methods: A total of 30 depressed older adults (AE group: n=15; control group (CG): n=14) were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The AE group was subjected to an 8-week-period AE program (3 times/week for 30 min per session) at moderate intensity, determined using heart rate maximum (HRmax). The training intensity was set at 50% HRmax and increased by 5% in subsequent weeks. Pre- and post-training measures for neurophysiological function were tested using ERP-P300 (amplitude-μV and latency-ms) and also for neuropsychological functions using the trail making test (TMT), mini mental status examination (MMSE), and everyday cognition questionnaire (ECog). Results: In the experimental group, statistically significant improvements were observed when analyzed for all 3 (group-by-time interaction effect, main effect of time, and main effect of group), in both neurophysiological functions (*p<0.001) and neuropsychological functions (*p<0.001), except for ECog scores, where the results were insignificant for the main effect of a group. Correlation analysis demonstrated no association between neurophysiological and neuropsychological functions (*p>0.05). Conclusion: Findings showed that 8 weeks of AE training may be a promising approach to improve cognitive functions in depressed older adults. However, considering relatively small number of patients, the question arises for effectiveness in other populations.

RESUMO. O aumento da gravidade de quadros de depressão tem sido associado a comprometimento neurocognitivo. O exercício aeróbico (EA) é uma técnica eficiente para melhorar a função cognitiva. No entanto, estudos sugerindo a importância de EA para funções neurofisiológicas e neuropsicológicas usando potenciais relacionados a eventos (PRE) em idosos deprimidos são escassos. Objetivo: Identificar os potenciais benefícios do EA nas funções neurofisiológicas e neuropsicológicas. Métodos: Vinte e nove idosos deprimidos (grupo EA: n=15; grupo controle: GC: n=14) foram recrutados segundo critérios de inclusão e exclusão. O grupo EA foi submetido a um programa de EA de oito semanas (3 vezes/semana em sessões de 30 minutos cada) em intensidade moderada, determinada pela frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx). A intensidade do treinamento foi fixada em 50% da FCmax e aumentada em 5% nas semanas subsequentes. As medidas pré- e pós-treinamento para a função neurofisiológica foram testadas pelo ERP-P300 (amplitude-μV e latência-ms) e também para as funções neuropsicológicas usando o Trail Making Test (TMT), o Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) e o Everyday Cognition Questionnaire (ECog). Resultados: No grupo experimental, melhorias estatisticamente significativas foram observadas quando analisadas para todos os 3 (efeito de interação grupo por tempo, efeito principal do tempo e efeito principal do grupo), em ambas as funções neurofisiológicas (*p<0,001) e funções neuropsicológicas (*p<0,001), exceto para escores ECog, onde os resultados foram insignificantes para o efeito principal de um grupo. A análise de correlação não demonstrou nenhuma associação entre funções neurofisiológicas e neuropsicológicas (*p>0,05). Conclusão: Os achados mostraram que 8 semanas de treinamento de EA podem ser uma abordagem promissora para melhorar as funções cognitivas em idosos deprimidos. No entanto, considerando um número relativamente pequeno de pacientes, surge a questão da eficácia em outra população.

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for using microorganisms in agriculture to improve food production requires constantly assessing microbial diversity. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical properties of individual and combined multifunctional microorganisms, as well as to identify potential applications in biotechnology or agriculture. The experiment comprised 29 treatments, with 7 single and 21 combined microorganisms: M01 (Serratia marcescens), M02 (Bacillus toyonensis), M03 (Phanerochaete australis), M04 (Trichoderma koningiopsis), M05 (Azospirillum brasilense), M06 (Azospirillum sp.), M07 (Bacillus sp.), M08 to M28 (combination among these microorganisms) and M29 (control - no microorganisms). All the single and combined treatments assimilated nitrogen, produced siderophores and indoleacetic acid and solubilized phosphate. Only the treatments M04, M13 and M26 produced HCN. Additionally, all treatments, except for M03, produced biofilm. Only M03, M07, M09, M10, M12 and M13 solubilized potassium.

RESUMO A crescente demanda pelo uso de micro-organismos na agricultura para melhorar a produção de alimentos exige uma avaliação constante da diversidade microbiana. Objetivou-se investigar as propriedades bioquímicas de micro-organismos multifuncionais individuais e combinados, bem como identificar aplicações potenciais em biotecnologia ou agricultura. O experimento compreendeu 29 tratamentos, com 7 micro-organismos isolados e 21 combinações: M01 (Serratia marcescens), M02 (Bacillus toyonensis), M03 (Phanerochaete australis), M04 (Trichoderma koningiopsis), M05 (Azospirillum brasilense), M06 (Azospirillum sp.), M07 (Bacillus sp.), M08 a M28 (combinação entre esses micro-organismos) e M29 (controle - sem micro-organismos). Todos os tratamentos individuais e combinados assimilaram nitrogênio, produziram sideróforos e ácido indolacético e solubilizaram fosfato. Apenas os tratamentos M04, M13 e M26 produziram HCN. Adicionalmente, todos os tratamentos, exceto M03, produziram biofilme. Somente M03, M07, M09, M10, M12 e M13 solubilizaram potássio.

ABSTRACT Axially-functionally graded materials are/ types of traditional composite materials in which the mechanical and physical properties are gradually varied from one end to the other. They were used extensively in industries such as defense, automotive and aerospace because of the ability to design its mechanical and physical properties. Two numerical models are built in this work in order to investigate the deflection of a simply supported beam made by axial-functionally graded material. The first model is the new model and it is built by adopting the Rayleigh Method, while the second model used the Finite-Element technique to build an 1D model utilizing the ANSYS APDL. The mechanical and physical of the axial-functionally graded beam were changed in axial direction according to Power-Law Equation. The new model, based on Rayleigh Method ANSYS- 1D model, shows an excellent agreement with the results and available literature. In addition to the validation of the two models, the influences of elastic moduli ratio and material distribution on the maximum static deflection and its position were studied. In ANSYS- 1D model, the position of the maximum deflection was deviated from the middle span of A-FG beam and this deviation in position of maximum deflection reduces, as well as increases the index of power-law equation and the elastic moduli ratio (ME-Ratio) when it diverges from 1.

Abstract Cerium oxide (CeO2), or ceria, has gained increasing interest owing to its excellent catalytic applications. Under the framework of density functional theory (DFT), this contribution demonstrates the effect that introducing the element nickel (Ni) into the ceria lattice has on its electronic, structural, and optical characteristics. Electronic density of states (DOSs) analysis shows that Ni integration leads to a shrinkage of Ce 4f states and improvement of Ni 3d states in the bottom of the conduction band. Furthermore, the calculated optical absorption spectra of an Ni-doped CeO2 system shifts towards longer visible light and infrared regions. Results indicate that Ni-doping a CeO2 system would result in a decrease of the band gap. Finally, Mulliken’s charge transfer of the Ce 1−x Ni x O2 system exhibits an ionic bond between Ce or Ni and O, and covalent bonds between Ce and Ni atoms. The analysis of absorption spectra demonstrates that Ni-doped CeO2 is a material with potential use in photocatalytic, photovoltaic, and solar panels.

Abstract Milk is an excellent source of nutrients. It is a balanced diet. Cheeses are fermented milk product. There are hunderds of cheese types. Cottage cheese is fermented dairy product made by the coagulation of milk. It is nutritionally most suitable diet for lactose intolerant people. It contains all essential nutrients. Recently cottage cheese was made with the use of tatri and lemon juice. The use of tatri and lemon do not produce good quality end product. This project was aimed to standardize cottage cheese using food grade coagulants. Cottage cheese was analyzed for physicochemical, textural, functional and sensorial analysis. The use of food grade organic acids produced strong results. The increase in acid level increases the yield but it is not remains good organolaptically. Sensory results reveals that the use of acetic acid has a bitter aftertaste. The use of citric acid at the level of 0.4% was found best on all aspects.

Abstract Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods including vegetable salads are one of the most preferable foods sold and served in resturants in Kirkuk city-Iraq. Foodborne diseases endure a major problem in developing countries because lacking of personal hygiene and food safety measurements. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanomaterials are one of the crucial and fascinating nanomaterials involved in various fields including control of pathogenic bacteria like foodborne pathogens. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize AgNPs by using eco-friendly Bifidobacterium (a silver reducing agent), and studying their effects against a range of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. The synthesis of the AgNPs was monitored using ultraviolet visible UV- Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the absorption spectra of biologically-prepared AgNPs was at wave length ranging from 200-600 nm. The AgNPs have also different functional groups such as O-H, -C≡CH, C=C stretching vibration respectively. Antagonism effect of AgNPs on Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli and Proteus mirabilis has been tested that isolates from (RTE) vegetable salads. Diameter of growth inhibition zone of these bacteria was determined using agar well diffusion method.

Resumo A síntese verde foi introduzida como uma alternativa à síntese química devido às graves consequências. As nanopartículas metálicas sintetizadas através da abordagem verde têm diferentes aplicações farmacêuticas, médicas e agrícolas. O presente estudo seguiu uma rota verde e simples para a preparação de nanopartículas de ouro potencialmente bioativas (Au NPs). As NPs de Au foram preparadas via abordagem de síntese verde usando a porção alcaloide básica bruta do tubérculo de Delphinium chitralense. As NPs de Au sintetizadas verdes foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raios X (DRX), infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e espectrofotômetro UV-Visível. A análise morfológica mostra que as NPs de Au possuem geometria cúbica com tamanhos diferentes. A análise espectroscópica UV-Vis confirmou a síntese de Au NPs enquanto a XRD provou sua fase cristalina pura. O Au NPs mostrou inibição dependente da dose promissora de AChE e BChE em comparação com a droga bruta e padrão.

Abstract Green synthesis has been introduced as an alternative to chemical synthesis due to the serious consequences. Metal nanoparticles synthesized through green approach have different pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural applications. The present study followed a green and simple route for the preparation of potentially bioactive gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Au NPs were prepared via green synthesis approach using crude basic alkaloidal portion of the tuber of Delphinium chitralense. The green synthesized Au NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Morphological analysis shows that Au NPs have cubic geometry with different sizes. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the synthesis of Au NPs while XRD proved their pure crystalline phase. The Au NPs showed promising dose dependent inhibition of both AChE and BChE as compared to the crude as well as standard drug.

Abstract Diabetic mellitus is an emerging disease in Saudi Arabia. In this regard, a cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to evaluate drug utilization pattern and the cost associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus disease management in Saudi Arabia. Data retrieved from the electronic pharmacy records during the last one year were employed in this study. World Health Organization (WHO) Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method was employed to compute the daily price of each oral hypoglycaemic agent. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines and protocols were used to evaluate the level of adherence. A total of 17057 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of the 17057 patients enrolled in the study, 60.06 % (10246) were males and the rest females. In monotherapy, biguanides (metformin) were the most recommended and utilised drugs among 5673 patients (33.25%). The most commonly used drug combination was found to be sitagliptin+metformin (1754 units). The cost per unit dose was highest for liraglutide (A10BJ02) 258.32SR (68.79USD), and lowest for metformin (A10BA02) 0.49SR (0.13 USD). Metformin was the choice drug for the diabetes patients; biguanides (metformin) and DPP-4 (sitagliptins) were the most familiar established dose combination employed. Generic drugs should be used in order to reduce overall cost.

BACKGROUND: The South African National Policy Framework and Strategy on Palliative Care (NPFSPC) recommends that when integrating palliative care (PC) into the health system, a PC indicators tool should be used to guide clinicians to recognise a patient who should receive PC. The policy document recommends 'a simple screening tool developed for use in South Africa that would assist healthcare professionals (HCPs) to recognise patients who may have unmet palliative care needs' AIM: This research study sought to develop South African consensus on indicators for PC to assist clinicians to recognise a patient in need of PC SETTING: The South African healthcare setting METHODS: A Delphi study was considered suitable as a methodology to develop consensus. The methodology was based on the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDES) guidance on Delphi studies to ensure rigour and transparency in conducting and reporting. Six different Delphi rounds were used to develop consensus. Each round allowed participants to anonymously rate statements with predefined rating scales RESULTS: Cognisant of the disparities in healthcare provision and access to equitable healthcare in South Africa, the expert advisory group recommended, especially for South Africa, that 'this tool is for deteriorating patients with an advanced life-limiting illness where all available and appropriate management for underlying illnesses and reversible complications has been offered'. The expert advisory group felt that disease-specific indicators should be described before the general indicators in the South African indicators tool, so all users of the tool orientate themselves to the disease categories first. This study included three new domains to address the South African context: trauma, infectious diseases and haematological diseases. General indicators for PC aligned with the original Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) tool CONCLUSION: The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool for South Africa (SPICT TM-SA) is a simple screening tool for South Africa that may assist HCPs to recognise patients who may have unmet PC needs

INTRODUCTION: Caregivers play an integral role in their child's development. Many caregivers from low resource communities within sub-Saharan countries face challenges in providing early childhood development (ECD) and stimulation. In South Africa, there are policies in place that aim to provide caregivers with child-care support and services; however, systemic factors often negatively impact the service delivery of early childhood development at a community level. This integrative review aimed to analyse, appraise, and synthesise the literature concerning the published evidence of caregivers' perception on their role in early childhood development and stimulation programmes for children within the ECD phaseMETHOD: The integrative review followed the five steps highlighted by Whittemore & Knafl. The literature search was conducted by electronic searching through ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, JSTOR, Lancet, Google Scholar and Research Gate. Literature was included from 01 January 2010 to 31 December 2020, which was published in sub-Saharan Africa, on early childhood development and stimulation. A total of 22 records were included in the review. The data were qualitatively analysed through thematic analysis. The findings are presented according to the Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems TheoryFINDINGS: Findings highlight that caregivers' facilitation of early childhood development in their children is influenced by daily practices of child-care and rearing. Caregivers perceived their role as nurturing and disciplining their children. The educational aspect of child development was the role of the school/ECD facility. Among these influences are contextual factors, culture, and poverty, which impact the practices that caregivers implement during early childhood development. There are policies and stimulation programmes in place to support and assist caregivers/parents in facilitating early childhood developmentCONCLUSION: Caregivers' form an integral component in a child's early childhood development and stimulation. The caregiver role is impacted by several factors which include context, culture, awareness of services, knowledge on child development, stimulation and resources. There is poor implementation and knowledge of support structures, policies, and stimulation programmes at a community level. This, therefore, suggests that government departments need to advocate and promote for easier access to facilities to assist caregivers/parents further

Abstract The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from their precursor was carried out using Delphinium uncinatum and Erythrophyleum guineense plants extracts. The Au NPs obtained were characterized by various instrumental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV/Visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometer. The SEM study presented that E. guineense (GE) and D. uncinatum (GN) synthesized gold nanoparticles was below 100 and 300 nm, respectively. The micrographs also presented that E. guineense (GE) synthesized gold particles had irregular round shaped while the D. uncinatum (GN) synthesized nanoparticles had cylindrical shaped. The XRD spectra presented peaks at about 38.1°, 44.43°, 64.6° and 77.64° can be indexed to (111), (200), (220) and (311) orientation, respectively, which confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles. It means that both E. guineense (GE) and D. uncinatum (GN) synthesized gold nanoparticles are highly crystalline. The UV/VIS analysis presented that both plant extracts significantly reduced the gold slat and as a result high quantity of gold nanoparticles were formed. The E. guanense gold NP and D. uncinatum gold NPs were investigated for their in-vitro cholinesterases inhibitory potentials in 62.5 -1000 µg/mL concentrations range. The bioactivity results presented that the loading of the test samples in gold NPs enhanced their AChE and BChE inhibitory potentials.

Resumen La síntesis verde de nanopartículas de oro (NP de Au) se llevó a cabo mediante extractos de plantas de Delphinium uncinatum y Erythrophyleum guineense. Las NP de Au obtenidas se caracterizaron mediante diversas técnicas instrumentales como microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDX), difracción de rayos X (XRD) y espectrofotómetro UV / Visible (UV / Vis). El estudio SEM reveló tamaños de las nanopartículas de oro sintetizadas por E. guineense (GE) y D. uncinatum (GN) por debajo de 100 y 300 nm, respectivamente. Las micrografías también mostraron que las partículas de oro sintetizadas por E. guineense (GE) tenían una forma redonda irregular, mientras que las nanopartículas sintetizadas por D. uncinatum (GN) tenían una forma cilíndrica. Los patrones XRD presentaron picos a aproximadamente 38.1 °, 44.43 °, 64.6 ° y 77.64 ° pueden indexarse a la orientación (111), (200), (220) y (311), respectivamente, lo que confirmó la presencia de nanopartículas de oro cristalinas. El análisis UV / Vis mostró que ambos extractos de plantas formaron nanopartículas de oro. Se investigaron las NP de oro como inhibidores de colinesterasas in vitro en un intervalo de concentraciones de 62.5 a 1000 µg / ml. Los resultados de la bioactividad mostraron que la carga de las muestras de prueba en NP de oro mejoró sus potenciales inhibidores de AChE y BChE.

Abstract In this present study, the investigation of the photocatalytic removal of malachite green and brilliant blue dyes from their aqueous solution using photocatalytic oxidation process was provided. The application of factorial experimental design for the analysis the results was the main objective in the present study. The photocatalytic removal of Malachite Green (MG) and Brilliant Blue (BB) dyes was carried out in aqueous solutions containing the dye and suspended of ZnO upon UV irradiation (high pressure mercury lamp Radium 125 W). The effect of different factors such as initial dye concentration, sample volume and treatment time was taken in account. All samples of MG and BB have been analysed at 617 and 620 nm, respectively. The linearity ranged between 5 and 50 mg/L for MG dye while it was ranged between 20 and 200 mg/L for BB dye. The linear regression, R2, was more than 0.995 for both dyes. The results revealed that factorial experimental design analysis has given a better indication to investigate the effects of factors. It was observed that the most of factors are significant for both dyes. Initial concentration and treatment time factors were the most significant factors for MG and BB dyes, respectively according to pareto chart.

Resumen En este estudio se presenta una investigación sobre la remoción fotocatalítica de colorantes de verde de malaquita y azul brillante de soluciones acuosas mediante procesos de oxidación fotocatalítica. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue la aplicación de un diseño experimental factorial para el análisis de los resultados. La remoción del verde de malaquita (MG) y azul brillante (BB) de soluciones acuosas se llevó a cabo mediante irradiación de luz UV en presencia de partículas de ZnO en suspensión. Para los experimentos, se usó una lámpara de mercurio a alta presión (Radium 125 W). Se consideraron los efectos de distintas variables, como la concentración inicial de cada colorante, el volumen de la muestra y el tiempo de tratamiento. Todas las muestras de MG y BB se analizaron a 617 y 620 nm, respectivamente. Se observó linealidad en los resultados en el intervalo de concentraciones entre 5 y 50 mg/L para el caso de MG, mientras que para el BB la linealidad se observó en el intervalo de concentraciones entre 20 y 200 mg/L. En ambos casos, los datos se ajustaron a modelos lineales con valores de R2 mayores a 0.995. Los resultados revelaron que el diseño experimental factorial permite investigar de mejor manera los efectos de diversos factores, encontrándose que la concentración inicial y el tiempo de tratamiento son los factores más importantes para la remoción de MG y BB, respectivamente, según se muestra en los gráficos de Pareto.

Abstract There are increasing interests in the usage of natural fibres as reinforcing component for concrete production due to their enormous properties such as low cost, its abundance and availability. This research examined the thermal resistance of Raffia Palm Fibre (RPF) reinforced concrete. In this study, 0% to 1% fibre content by weight of cement were incorporated in concrete and their compressive strength were tested after heating. A total number of 36 cubes were prepared, cured and tested at 28 days. Concrete cubes with 0% fibre was used as control specimen. The cubes’ compressive strengths were determined at 0 0C, 556 0C and 659 0C at 0 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes respectively. The result revealed that workability of the concrete declined with a rise in the percentage of raffia palm. There is also a substantial surge in the compressive strength of raffia palm fibre reinforced concrete cubes (RPFRC) compared to the control concrete samples. The compressive strength of the concrete cubes decreased with the rise in temperature for the entire samples tested. It was concluded that increasing the percentage fibre content in concrete reduces the rate of loss in compressive strengths of concrete when subjected to heat.

Opioid use has reached an epidemic proportion in Canada and the United States that is mostly attributed to excess availability of prescribed opioids for pain. This excess in opioid use led to an increase in the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) requiring treatment. The most common treatment recommendations include medication-assisted treatment (MAT) combined with psychosocial interventions. Clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of MAT, however, have a limited focus on effectiveness measures that overlook patient-important outcomes. Despite MAT, patients with OUD continue to suffer negative consequences of opioid use. Patient goals and personalized medicine are overlooked in clinical trials and guidelines, thus missing an opportunity to improve prognosis of OUD by considering precision medicine in addiction trials. In this mixed-methods study, patients with OUD receiving MAT (n=2,031, mean age 39.1 years [SD 10.7], 44% female) were interviewed to identify patient goals for MAT. The most frequently reported patient-important outcomes were to stop treatment (39%) and to avoid all drugs (25%). These results are inconsistent with treatment recommendations and trial outcome measures. We discuss theses inconsistencies and make recommendations to incorporate these outcomes to achieve patient-centered and personalized treatment strategies.