BACKGROUND: Aborted donor hepatectomy (ADH) during any stage of living donor hepatectomy (LDH) is a rare event. We describe our experience and discuss the lessons from these eventsMETHODS: From September 2005 to January 2019, 77 of 2 031 (3.79%) LDH were aborted at various stages of surgical procedure due to donor or recipient related reasons. Demographic and clinical data of aborted donor candidates and the clinical course of their potential recipients were analysedRESULTS: LDH of 77 donor candidates was aborted due to donor (n = 53) or recipient (n = 24) related reasons. The most common donor related reason was the quality of liver parenchyma (n = 31). The most common recipient related reason was haemodynamic instability (n = 11). Twenty-three recipients underwent either living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) (n = 21) or deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) (n = 2) at a median of 6 days following ADH. In one aborted due to a donor reason and two aborted for recipient reasons, LDLT was performed using the same donor candidates. Thirty-six recipients had no liver transplantation (LT) and died a median of 17.5 days following ADHCONCLUSIONS: We believe that ADH will decrease with experience and meticulous preoperative clinical and radiological evaluations. Abandoning the donor hepatectomy is always a valid option at any stage of the surgery when the unexpected is encountered

Foi estudada a condutividade elétrica de sistema cerâmicos da fase β tetragonal (Bi2O3)1-x(Eu2O3)x (0,01 ≤ x ≤ 0,10 mol%). A dependência da condutividade elétrica da temperatura e da concentração de dopantes foi estudada pela técnica das quatro pontas de prova. A condutividade elétrica aumenta com o aumento da concentração de dopantes e da temperatura. O maior valor da condutividade elétrica é 0,013 Ω-1cm-1 (x = 0,05, 750 ºC) para a fase β a 670 ºC e 0,57 Ω-1cm-1 (x = 0,05, 800 ºC) em sistema binários a 690 ºC. A transição de fase que se verifica pelo salto nas curvas de condutividade elétrica foi confirmada por medidas de análise térmica diferencial. As energias de ativação para as várias amostras está na faixa 0,71-1,57 eV.

Electrical conductivity of tetragonal β-phase (Bi2O3)1-x(Eu2O3)x (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.10 %mol) ceramic systems were investigated. The temperature and doping concentration dependences of the electrical conductivity were studied by four-point probe technique. The electrical conductivity increases with the increasing doping concentration and temperature. The highest value of the electrical conductivity is 0.013 Ω-1cm-1 (x = 0.05, 750 ºC) for the β-phase at 670 ºC and 0.57 Ω-1cm-1 (x=0.05, 800 ºC) in binary systems at 690 ºC. The phase transition which manifests itself by the jump in the conductivity curves was seen and verified by differential thermal analysis measurements. The activation energies of the samples were found to be about 0.71-1.57 eV.

In this study, the extents of the effects of a medium-sized, unindustrialized and well planned city, Erzincan, in Turkey on human thermal comfort conditions tried to be determined comparing the results of thermal comfort calculations, by means of meteorological data (from 1999 to 2008) taken from rural and urban areas and thermohygrometric index (THI) and predicted mean vote (PMV), two of the most widely used bioclimatic condition calculation indices. According to the findings, the effect of the city on human thermal comfort was found to be statistically not significant (p = 0.0001) and percentage difference of index values between the areas were 2.2 and 0.7% (urban is more comfortable) for THI and PMV, respectively. Urban characteristics of the city were evaluated for human thermal comfort and some suggestions were offered to improve the environmental quality of urban areas considering the principles of landscape architecture and land use planning.

En este trabajo se trató de determinar el grado de los efectos de una ciudad de tamaño mediano bien planeada, Erzican, en Turquía, sobre las condiciones de confort térmico humano. Para lo anterior se compararon los resultados de los cálculos de confort térmico por medio de datos meteorológicos (1999 a 2008) de zonas urbanas y rurales con el índice termohigrométrico (THI, por sus siglas en inglés) y el voto medio promedio (PMV, por sus siglas en inglés), siendo estos dos los índices más utilizados para determinar condiciones bioclimáticas. De acuerdo con los resultados, el efecto de la ciudad sobre el confort térmico humano no es estadísticamente significativo (p = 0.0001) y el valor del porcentaje de diferencia entre las áreas fue de 2.2 y 0.7 % (la ciudad es más confortable) para THI y PMV, respectivamente. Se evaluaron las características de la ciudad para el confort térmico humano y se ofrecen algunas sugerencias para mejorar la calidad ambiental de las áreas urbanas considerando los principios de la arquitectura del paisaje y la planeación del uso del suelo.

In recent years, there has been an apparent alteration in tourists' destination preferences. The reasons for this are, of course, very diverse. Due to discomforting environment of the coastal regions, people may prefer to spend their holidays inbioclimatologically more comfortable areas, suchas mountain or plateau resorts. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of climate and weather on tourism and recreational activities via a questionnaire survey in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. It was found that although people who participated the survey live in a city, which is a well-known winter sports center and where extreme climatic features in winter are prevalent and have to experience, at least, an eight-month cold period (from late October to late May), they would still prefer summer season for recreation and tourism even if they were given full year recreation opportunities. This condition was thought to result from the lack of efficient winter recreation facilities and it was suggested that this kind of facilities should be constructed.

En años recientes ha ocurrido una aparente modificación en los destinos preferentes de los turistas. Las razones para esto son, desde luego, muy diversas. Debido al ambiente incómodo de las regiones costeras, muchas personas prefieren pasar sus vacaciones en áreas bioclimatológicamente más confortables, como los centros turísticos de montaña o mesetas. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el efecto del clima y el tiempo en las actividades recreativas por medio de un cuestionario de investigación en la ciudad de Erzurum, en Turquía. Se encontró que aunque la gente que participó en la investigación vive en una ciudad que es un conocido centro de deportes invernales, con características extremas de un período de frío de al menos ocho meses (del final de octubre al de mayo), prefieren el verano para recreación y turismo aunque se les diera la oportunidad de un año completo de actividades recreativas. Se piensa que esto es resultado de la falta de instalaciones recreativas adecuadas para el invierno y se sugiere que éstas deberían construirse.

It is known that cities are warmer and drier that the surrounding, vegetated areas. In addition to their aesthetic aspects, plants play important roles in urban ecosystems function by providing various favourable effects. The City or Erzurum has extreme continental climatic features and is very hot in summertime, i.e., the period between June and September. There are few tree species capable of growing in the city; it is thought that in such cities, grass may have superior effects to the trees. The present study was carried out to determine temperature differences between asphalt concrete (AC), soil and grass surfaces on and 2m above them and to show the advantages of the use of grass surfaces in this kind of new developing cities. After the study, it was seen a mean temperature difference of 6.5 °C between AC and soil, 5.3 °C between soil and grass, and 11.79 °C between AC and grass surfaces respectively, while temperature differences 2m above the surfaces were 5.22 °C between AC and soil, 2.32 °C between soil and grass, and 7.54 °C between AC and grass surfaces. It was suggested at the end of the study that in the new developing cities having the same features as Erzurum, open spaces between the structures and areas along the roads must be covered with grass surfaces and recreational and aesthetical spaces must be left.

Se sabe que las ciudades son más calientes y secas que sus áreas verdes circundantes. Además de sus aspectos estéticos, las plantas juegan importantes papeles en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas urbanos al ofrecer distintos efectos favorables. La ciudad de Erzurum presenta características climáticas continentales extremas y es sumamente caliente en verano, es decir, durante el periodo comprendido entre junio y septiembre. Hay pocas especies de árboles capaces de crecer en la ciudad por lo que se piensa que en tales ciudades, el pasto puede tener efectos superiores sobre los árboles. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo a fin de determinar las diferencias de temperatura entre superficies de concreto asfáltico, tierra y pasto y a 2 m sobre ellas y para mostrar las ventajas del uso de superficies de pasto en este tipo de ciudades nuevas en desarrollo. Tras el estudio, se observó una diferencia de la temperatura media de 6.5 °C entre el concreto asfáltico (CA) y la tierra, 5.3 °C entre tierra y pasto y 11.79 °C entre superficies de CA y pasto, mientras las diferencias de temperatura a 2 m de altura de las superficies fue de 5.22 °C entre CA y tierra, 2.32 °C entre tierra y pasto y 7.54 °C entre superficies de CA y pasto. Se ha sugerido al final del estudio que en ciudades nuevas en desarrollo con características similares a Erzurum, los espacios abiertos entre las estructuras y áreas a lo largo de los caminos deben ser cubiertos con superficies de pasto y los espacios recreativos y estéticos deben permanecer.

This study deals with the climatic differences between rural and urban areas over a two-year-period and three different climatic elements in the conditions of the city of Erzurum; and it was aimed to determine what factors may have affected these differences. It was found in the study that temperature difference between the areas was 1.7 °C, mean relative humidity was 2.5% and rainfall was 4.8 mm/m² (urban is wetter). The factors thought to be effective on these differences were surface structures, buildings, smoke prevalent in the urban area and snow cover. Consequently, it was suggested that, in order to obtain more favorable and healthy climatic conditions, green areas amount, which are now not effective in the city center, must be increased.

Este estudio trata sobre las diferencias climáticas entre áreas rurales y urbanas en un periodo de dos años considerando elementos climáticos distintos en las condiciones de la ciudad de Erzurum. Estuvo enfocado a determinar los factores que pudieron haber afectado dichas diferencias y se encontró que la diferencia de temperatura entre las áreas fue de 1.7 °C, la humedad relativa media de 2.5% y la precipitación de 4.8 mm/m², siendo la urbana más húmeda. Los factores que se consideraron como efectivos en tales diferencias fueron estructuras superficiales, edificios, humo prevaleciente en el área urbana y la cubierta de nieve. En consecuencia, se sugirió que -a fin de obtener condiciones climáticas más favorables y saludables- las áreas verdes, que actualmente no son suficientes en el centro de la ciudad, deben ser incrementadas.

In the present study an attempt has been made to compare the differences in human bioclimatological conditions 2 m above the ground between three different land surfaces: asphalt concrete, soil and grass surfaces, using a data set obtained on 15 clear and calm days in August 2005, and an appropriate bioclimatological index, the thermohygrometric index (THI) in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. In the respect of human thermal comfort, soil surface was found to be the most advantageous surface but for the mean THI values grass surface exhibits more favourable features while the least favourable features were presented by the asphalt concrete surface.

En este estudio se compararon las diferencias biochmatológicas humanas en tres diferentes superficies, concreto asfáltico, suelo y pasto, 2 m sobre el nivel del suelo en la ciudad de Erzurum, Turquía. Se utilizó una serie de datos obtenidos durante 15 días claros y en calma en agosto de 2005 y un índice bioclimatológico adecuado, el índice termohigrométrico (THI). En relación con la comodidad térmica humana, se encontró que el suelo fue la superficie con más ventajas, pero para los valores promedio del THI el pasto exhibió características más favorables, mientras que la superficie menos favorable fue el concreto asfáltico.