RESUMO Introdução Aplicação do método de aprendizagem baseada em problemas (PBL) ao ensino da fisiologia do esporte. Objetivos Este estudo explorou o mecanismo do método PBL para ampliar o interesse e a eficácia da aprendizagem dos estudantes. Métodos Vinte estudantes do sexo masculino da Faculdade de Educação Física da Universidade Hubei Minzu foram divididos randomicamente em um grupo PBL (10) e um grupo de método de ensino tradicional (TTM). Durante o teste, os participantes do grupo TTM ficaram sentados e em silêncio ouvindo o professor experiente, enquanto os do grupo PBL ficaram sentados e participaram de uma discussão em grupo de 20 minutos de acordo com a orientação do mesmo professor. A pressão parcial do oxigênio transcutâneo (TcPO2), a perfusão sanguínea microcirculatória (MPB) e a potência das bandas alfa e beta foram monitoradas no início e durante o teste. Resultados A média do escore do questionário do grupo PBL foi significativamente maior do que a do grupo TTM. No grupo PBL, o poder alfa dos estudantes diminuiu em termos estatísticos nos canais F3, T3, P3 e O1 e o poder beta dos estudantes aumentou nos canais F7, F3, T3, C3, P3 e O1 em comparação com os valores basais. Conclusão O PBL pode ser um mecanismo eficaz de aprendizagem, uma vez que os estudantes ficam ativamente engajados no ensino da fisiologia do esporte. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Applying the problem-based learning (PBL) method to the teaching of sports physiology. Objective This study explored the mechanism of the PBL method to improve the interest and learning effectiveness of students. Methods Twenty male students at the Physical Education College of Hubei Minzu University were randomly divided into a PBL group (10) and a traditional teaching method group (TTM). During the test, the subjects in the TTM group sat quietly listening to the experienced teacher, while the subjects in PBL group sat quietly and participated in a 20-minute group discussion under the guidance of the experienced teacher. Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO2), microcirculatory blood perfusion (MBP), and alpha- and beta-band power were monitored at the beginning of and during the test. Results The mean of the PBL-group quiz score was significantly higher than that of the TTM group. In the PBL group, the alpha power of the students decreased statistically in the F3, T3, P3, and O1 channels and the beta power of the students increased statistically in the F7, F3, T3, C3, P3, and O1 as compared to the baseline values. Conclusion PBL can be an effective learning mechanism, since the students are actively engaged in the teaching of sports physiology. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción Aplicación del método de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (PBL), a la enseñanza de la fisiología del deporte. Objetivos Este estudio exploró el mecanismo del método PBL para ampliar el interés y la eficacia del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Métodos Veinte estudiantes varones de la Facultad de Educación Física de la Universidad de Hubei Minzu fueron divididos aleatoriamente en el grupo PBL (10) y en un grupo de método de enseñanza tradicional (TTM). Durante la prueba, los participantes del grupo TTM permanecieron sentados y escuchando en silencio al profesor experimentado, mientras que los del grupo PBL permanecieron sentados y participaron en un debate de grupo de 20 minutos de acuerdo con la orientación del mismo profesor. La presión parcial de oxígeno transcutáneo (TcpO2), la perfusión sanguínea microcirculatoria (MBP) y la potencia de las bandas alfa y beta se monitorizaron al inicio y durante la prueba. Resultados La puntuación media del cuestionario del grupo PBL fue significativamente mayor que la del grupo TTM. En el grupo PBL, la potencia alfa de los estudiantes disminuyó estadísticamente en los canales F3, T3, P3 y O1 y la potencia beta de los estudiantes aumentó en los canales F7, F3, T3, C3, P3 y O1 en comparación con los valores de referencia. Conclusión El PBL puede ser un mecanismo de aprendizaje eficaz, ya que los estudiantes participan activamente en la enseñanza de la fisiología del deporte. Nivel de evidencia I; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

This study evaluated the effects of perioperative nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team on nutrition and postoperative complications of patients with esophageal cancer. A total of 239 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction for esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancer between February 2019 and February 2020 were included in the study. They were divided into the experimental group (120 patients) and the control group (119 patients) using the random number table method. Control group patients received routine diet management and experimental group patients received perioperative nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team. The differences of nutriture and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared. At 3 and 7 days after surgery, the experimental group patients had higher total protein and albumin levels (P<0.05), shorter postoperative anal exhaust time (P<0.05), lower incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal adverse reactions, pneumonia, anastomotic fistula, hypoproteinemia (P<0.05), and lower hospitalization costs (P<0.05) than the control group. Nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team effectively improved the nutriture of patients, promoted the rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, reduced postoperative complications, and reduced hospitalization costs.

Abstract Objective: To modify the chronic atrial fibrillation of atrial tachycardia pacing in beagles with a homemade pacemaker placed outside the body and to evaluate connective tissue growth factor and fibrosis of atrial tissue in our modified atrial tachycardia pacing beagle model. Methods: Twelve adult beagles of either sex were randomly divided into an atrial tachycardia pacing group and a control group (n=6 in each group). We performed the temporary pacemaker implantation at the right atrial appendage and put the pacemaker into the pocket of dog clothing in the atrial tachycardia pacing group. After eight weeks of atrial tachycardia pacing, the electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Masson’s staining of the right atrial appendages were performed along with the immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis of connective tissue growth factor, collagen I, and collagen III. Results: In the atrial tachycardia pacing group, atrial fibrillation was induced in five beagles (83.3%); the left atrium enlarged significantly; more canines had mitral regurgitation; and the Masson’s staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot results demonstrated more obvious fibrosis of the left atrium. Conclusion: The modified beagle model of atrial fibrillation using a right atrium pacemaker outside the body was effective, increased connective tissue growth factor and collagen I messenger ribonucleic acid overexpression, and induced atrial fibrosis.

In this study, a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing choline chloride and ethylene glycol was synthesized, and the magnetic polydopamine (PDA) was modified with this deep eutectic solvent to form Fe3O4@PDA-DES. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to characterize the proposed adsorbent. Then, this magnetic material was used as an adsorbent in the magnetic solid phase extraction process for the extraction of four sulfonylurea herbicides in water samples. The main parameters relevant to this method were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the linearity was obtained by five points in the concentration range of 1.0-200 µg L-1 and with the correlation coefficients (r) ≥ 0.9927. The enrichment factors were in a range of 495 to 615 and the relative standard deviations were less than 4.3%. The limits of detection varied from 0.0092 to 0.0113 µg L-1. The recoveries of environmental water samples were 61.9 to 100.1%, and the recoveries of drinking water samples were 71.1-101.9%. All results highlighted the excellent potential of magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography strategy in selective separation and extraction of sulfonylurea herbicides in water samples.

Dichlorodimethylsilane is the most important raw material for the preparation of organic silicon materials. Currently, the preparation of dichlorodimethylsilane is mainly based on disproportionation method. This method can turn wastes (by-products) into treasures but the mechanism is still indeterminate. In this study, MP2/6-311++G (3df, 2pd) basis set was used to study the mechanism of the disproportionation for producing dichlorodimethylsilane. Dichlorodimethylsilane is catalyzed by 24T cluster AlCl3/ZSM-5 catalyst and modified by (AlCl2)+, and (BCl2)+. The calculation results show that the rate-determining step is the reaction of the catalyst with trimethylchlorosilane . The activation energy of the rate-determining step of main reaction is: 393.83, 427.73, and 527.61 kJ mol-1, respectively. The structure analysis, activation energy analysis and LOL analysis for different catalysts all show that the catalytic effect of unmodified AlCl3/ZSM-5 is better.

It is well known that the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III (T3) effectors are essential for the pathogenicity of most bacterial phytopathogens and that the expression of T3SS and T3 effectors is suppressed in rich media but induced in minimal media and plants. To facilitate in-depth studies on T3SS and T3 effectors, it is crucial to establish a medium for T3 effector expression and secretion. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a model bacterium for studying plant-pathogen interactions. To date no medium for Xcc T3 effector secretion has been defined. Here, we compared four minimal media (MME, MMX, XVM2, and XOM2) which are reported for T3 expression induction in Xanthomonas spp. and found that MME is most efficient for expression and secretion of Xcc T3 effectors. By optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources and pH value based on MME, we established XCM1 medium, which is about 3 times stronger than MME for Xcc T3 effectors secretion. We further optimized the concentration of phosphate, calcium, and magnesium in XCM1 and found that XCM1 with a lower concentration of magnesium (renamed as XCM2) is about 10 times as efficient as XCM1 (meanwhile, about 30 times stronger than MME). Thus, we established an inducing medium XCM2 which is preferred for T3 effector secretion in Xcc.

OBJETIVO: Revelar a expressão e os possíveis papéis da aquaporina 9 (AQP9) no cérebro de ratos após lesão cerebral traumática (LCT) grave. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados: determinação do conteúdo cerebral de água, corante cloreto de tetrazólio, corante azul de Evans, imunoistoquímica (IHQ), imunofluorescência (IF), western blot e PCR em tempo real. RESULTADOS: O conteúdo cerebral de água alcançou o primeiro e o segundo (o mais alto) picos após 6 e 72 horas. A função da barreira hematoencefálica se mostrou muito prejudicada após 6 horas da LCT. A pior isquemia cerebral ocorreu após 72 horas da LCT. Astrócitos AQP9 positivos e neurônios no hipotálamo foram detectados difusamente pela IHQ e IF após LCT. A abundância de AQP9 e de sua mRNA aumentou após LCT e alcançou dois picos após 6 e 72 horas, respectivamente, da LCT. CONCLUSÕES: AQP9 aumentada pode contribuir para a eliminação de água e lactato em excesso na fase precoce da LCT. Astrócitos difusamente localizados AQP9 positivos podem ajudar a entrada do lactato nos neurônios, promovendo edema cerebral celular na fase tardia da LCT. Neurônios AQP9 positivos sugerem que AQP9 tem um papel no equilíbrio energético após LCT.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the expression and possible roles of aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in rat brain, after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Brain water content (BWC), tetrazolium chloride staining, Evans blue staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used. RESULTS: The BWC reached the first and second (highest) peaks at 6 and 72 hours, and the blood brain barrier (BBB) was severely destroyed at six hours after the TBI. The worst brain ischemia occurred at 72 hours after TBI. Widespread AQP9-positive astrocytes and neurons in the hypothalamus were detected by means of IHC and IF after TBI. The abundance of AQP9 and its mRNA increased after TBI and reached two peaks at 6 and 72 hours, respectively, after TBI. CONCLUSIONS: Increased AQP9 might contribute to clearance of excess water and lactate in the early stage of TBI. Widespread AQP9-positive astrocytes might help lactate move into neurons and result in cellular brain edema in the later stage of TBI. AQP9-positive neurons suggest that AQP9 plays a role in energy balance after TBI.