Abstract Adaptation of photoperiod-sensitive japonica rice varieties from long-day (LD) to short-day (SD) conditions is impeded by their extremely early flowering in response to photoperiod change, but the genetic factor underlying this is still elusive. We detected mutations in Hd1 in Zhenjing2400 through gene mapping and sequencing analysis. Genome resequencing of the varieties Zhenjing2400 and Jiahe218 identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the other flowering-related genes Ehd1, SDG725, OsCOL15, DTH2, and DTH7. We constructed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Zhenjing2400 and Jiahe218, and selected homozygous lines with these six genes. We established that photoperiod insensitivity is caused by a defective Hd1 gene. In addition, the effect of Hd1 and Ehd1 on heading date was stronger than that of the other four genes. Measurements of agronomic traits and quality traits in homozygous lines demonstrated the superiority of the hd1 ehd1 genotype for eating quality and photoperiod-insensitive high yield. photoperiodsensitive sensitive longday long day LD (LD shortday short SD (SD change elusive Hd Zhenjing Zhenjing240 analysis Jiahe Jiahe21 SNPs (SNPs floweringrelated related Ehd SDG725 SDG OsCOL15 OsCOL DTH2 DTH DTH7 RILs (RILs addition hd ehd photoperiodinsensitive insensitive yield Zhenjing24 Jiahe2 SDG72 OsCOL1 Zhenjing2 SDG7

RESUMO Introdução A corrida pode promover a saúde, prevenir a obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares entre outras doenças crônicas. Muitas pesquisas relatam os benefícios desse exercício de resistência aeróbica, mas pouco conhecimento há sobre os impactos da corrida na osteoartrite do joelho. Objetivo Observar e estudar o efeito clínico da corrida na melhora da dor e da função em pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho. Métodos Setenta casos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em grupos controle e observação. Os pacientes do grupo de observação receberam 8 semanas de exercício neuromuscular (NEMEX) e 8 semanas de treinamento de força muscular do quadríceps enquanto o grupo controle foi sujeitado a um protocolo de corrida. Os pacientes foram avaliados usando a Escala de Dor e o Índice de Osteoartrite das Universidades Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) após 1, 2, 4 e 8 semanas de tratamento. Resultados Após 1, 2, 4 e 8 semanas de tratamento, os escores de função WOMAC dos dois grupos melhoraram significativamente comparados ao encontrado antes do tratamento (P <0,05). Não houve diferença entre os dois grupos antes do tratamento e após 1, 2 semanas de tratamento. Após 4 e 8 semanas de tratamento, a função do grupo de observação foi melhor que a do grupo controle, a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (t= -4,287, -6,355, P<0,05). Conclusões Ambos os métodos de treinamento NEMEX e o treinamento de força muscular do quadríceps podem efetivamente melhorar o nível funcional dos pacientes, e o NEMEX melhora mais significativamente do que o treinamento de força muscular do quadríceps. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Running can promote health prevent obesity, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases, among other chronic diseases. Much research reports the benefits of this aerobic resistance exercise, but little is known about the impacts of running on knee osteoarthritis. Objective To observe and study the clinical effect of running on pain and function improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods Seventy cases that met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into control and observation groups. Patients in the observation group received eight weeks of neuromuscular exercise (NEMEX) and eight weeks of quadriceps muscle strength training while the control group was subjected to a running protocol. Patients were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Pain Scale and Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Results After 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment, the WOMAC function scores of the two groups significantly improved compared to that found before treatment (P < 0.05); There was no difference between the two groups before treatment and after 1, 2 weeks of treatment. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the function of the observation group was better than that of the control group; the difference was statistically significant (t= -4.287, -6.355, P<0.05). Conclusions NEMEX training methods and quadriceps muscle strength training can effectively improve patients’ functional level, but NEMEX improves more significantly than quadriceps muscle strength training. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMEN Introducción La corrida puede promover la salud, prevenir la obesidad, enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares, entre otras enfermedades crónicas. Muchas investigaciones informan los beneficios de este ejercicio de resistencia aeróbica, pero se sabe poco sobre los impactos de correr en la osteoartritis de rodilla. Objetivo Observar y estudiar el efecto clínico de la corrida sobre el dolor y la mejora funcional en pacientes con artrosis de rodilla. Métodos Setenta casos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión fueron seleccionados y divididos aleatoriamente en grupos de control y observación. Los pacientes del grupo de observación recibieron 8 semanas de ejercicio neuromuscular (NEMEX) y 8 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza de los cuádriceps, mientras que el grupo de control se sometió a un protocolo de corrida. Los pacientes fueron evaluados utilizando la escala de dolor y el índice de osteoartritis de las universidades de Western Ontario y McMaster (WOMAC) después de 1, 2, 4 y 8 semanas de tratamiento. Resultados Después de 1, 2, 4 y 8 semanas de tratamiento, las puntuaciones de función WOMAC de los dos grupos mejoraron significativamente en comparación con las encontradas antes del tratamiento (P < 0,05). No hubo diferencia entre los dos grupos antes del tratamiento y después de 1, 2 semanas de tratamiento. Después de 4 y 8 semanas de tratamiento, la función del grupo de observación fue mejor que la del grupo control, la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (t= -4.287, -6.355, P<0.05). Conclusiones Tanto los métodos de entrenamiento NEMEX como el entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular del cuádriceps pueden mejorar eficazmente el nivel funcional de los pacientes, y NEMEX mejora de forma más significativa que el entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular del cuádriceps. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

ABSTRACT As a common problem in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, lodging will not only increase harvest costs and reduce rice production, but also affect rice taste seriously and reduce its commercial value. There is still a lack of systematic research on the effect of lodging resistance of rice after returning wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw to the field. The study evaluated the effects of continuous straw returning and different fertilizer input levels on the lodging resistance of rice stalks based on years of experiments, using a split zone design with two factors including full return of straw to the field and straw removal, and three fertilization levels (conventional fertilization, 50% of conventional fertilization and no fertilization) under each factor, for a total of six treatments. Results suggested that under the same level of chemical fertilizer application, treatments of straw returning significantly increased stalk flexural resistance up to 33.74% as well as decreased the lodging index by a maximum of 33.86% compared with straw removal. Decrease of chemical fertilizer application increased significantly stalk flexural resistance, while decreased significantly lodging index. Rice plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, stem wall thickness and internode dry weight were main factors that influence rice lodging resistance. Compared with straw removal, straw returning combined with chemical fertilizers applying could significantly increase rice yield up to 19.62%. The increase in rice yield increased the risk of rice lodging. The continuous return of straw to the field combined with the application of chemical fertilizers reduced the risk of rice lodging to a certain extent, and meanwhile it achieved successive annual increase in rice production, which has a good promotion prospect.

Abstract Diabetes is a worldwide metabolic diseases that requires adjustments in the blood glucose. Cornstarch is one kind of resistant starch, which helps to control postprandial glucose, and is a desired alternatives of carbohydrates for developing functional food. Herein, a cornstarch-based functional diet (CFD) was developed, and in this study we investigated the effects of CFD supplemented with tea polyphenols and EGCG on blood glucose and intestinal flora in diabetic mice. The results showed that diabetic mice had significant weight loss and serious hyperglycemia. The CFD or CFD supplemented with tea polyphenols and EGCG resulted in a trend toward reduced fasting blood glucose. Furthermore, diabetes had significant intestinal flora disturbance, with particularly increased levels of Bacteroidaceae, Helicobacteraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Rikenellaceae and Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis, and decreased Prevotellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae. Interesting, CFD supplemented with EGCG significantly increased levels of Prevotellaceae and Coriobacteriaceae, and decreased Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis compared to controls. CFD supplemented with tea polyphenols significantly increased the Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. The comprehensive analysis indicated that tea polyphenols and EGCG supplementation improved glucose metabolism, and reversed the sick changes of intestinal flora, suggesting they are two valuable additions to promote nutritional value of CFD.

Abstract Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes barrier impairment and bacterial influx. This study explored the protective effects of anisodamine hydrobromide (AH) on intestinal I/R injury caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest (CA). After successful CPR, minipigs were randomly divided into two groups (n = 8): saline and AH (4 mg/kg), and then treated with saline or AH via central venous injection, respectively. The same procedures without ventricular fibrillation initiation were conducted in the Sham group (n = 8). Levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) were measured at different time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h) in serum and 6 h in gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to evaluate changes in the proportion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2). Moreover, the positive culture rates of GALTs were examined to evaluate bacterial translocation. AH treatment markedly alleviated aberrant arterial blood gas and hemodynamics as well as intestinal macroscopic and morphological changes after CPR. Moreover, AH treatment significantly increased IFN-γ and decreased IL-4 in both serum and GALTs. Furthermore, AH treatment dramatically decreased positive bacterial growth in GALTs. AH treatment mitigated immunosuppression caused by intestinal I/R and protected the intestinal immune barrier against bacterial translocation, thereby reducing the risk of secondary intestinal infection.

ABSTRACT Background: The biomarker for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) remains an unmet clinical need. The microRNA-30 (miR-30) family has been associated with LVH in cellular and animal studies, but not in a clinical setting. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical significance of circulating levels of miR-30 family as a biomarker for LVH in EH patients. Methods: A total of 239 EH patients and 239 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Circulating levels of miR-30 family members, namely, miR-30a, miR-30b, miR-30c-1, miR-30c-2, miR-30d, and miR-30e, were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: The circulating miR-30a, miR-30b, and miR-30e were significantly reduced in EH patients in contrast to controls. EH patients with LVH (EH-LVH) had substantially lower circulating miR-30b and miR-30e levels compared to EH patients without LVH (EH-nLVH). Moreover, the expression levels of miR-30b and miR-30e were positively related to LVMI, respectively. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that circulating miR-30e levels distinguished EH patients from controls, and EH-LVH from EH-nLVH patients. Logistic regression analysis identified the circulating miR-30e as a risk factor for LVH in EH patients. Conclusion: Circulating miR-30e level can be used as a biomarker in distinguishing EH-LVH from EH-nLVH. A further prospective study is warranted to validate this finding.

The melamine and cyanuric acid (CA) complex has been suggested to cause the toxic effects observed in melamine-contaminated food or milk. However, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of co-exposure to melamine and CA are not fully clear. Therefore, the cytotoxic effects of melamine and CA were first examined by co‐exposure in human kidney 293 cells using the MTT assay. During a 24-h period for the three concentrations tested (0.5, 1, and 5 mg/mL), neither melamine nor CA alone showed significant toxic effects on 293 cells at 0.5 mg/mL, while higher concentrations led to decreased in cell viability. However, co-exposure to several combinations of melamine and CA [100:1, 10:1, 1:10, and 1:100 (v:v), at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL] did cause cytotoxicity with higher levels of CA leading to higher cytotoxicity. By contrast, while neither melamine nor CA alone induced phosphorylated-H2AX (γH2AX) foci formation, melamine and CA at a 100:1 ratio induced γH2AX foci 24 h post-treatment. The alkaline comet assay also revealed the presence of DNA damage following melamine and CA co-exposure. In vivo assay also revealed the presence of melamine-CA complex in the kidney. These data indicated that the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of melamine and CA co-exposure differ from those of melamine or CA alone.

Abstract To great understanding the dynamic crack propagation of rock under in-situ stress and blasting, the static-dynamic loading experimental platform was built. With different confining pressure (0MPa, 2MPa, 4MPa, 6MPa, 8MPa) and different ratios (K) of horizontal-to-vertical pressure (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1), nine texts have been carried out in quadrate granite samples. The dynamic strain gauges and high-speed (HS) camera were used to measure strain field and observe crack growth. According to experimental results, the centrosymmetric damage zone is generated around borehole when K=1, the circumference compressive stress is formed by confining pressure, and it reduces the circumference tensile failure by blast loading. The number and size of the broken radius significantly reduce with confining pressure increases. As K decrease from 1 to 0, the tensile stress concentration is obviously around borehole in the vertical direction, and radial cracks grow from the stress concentration zone and develop into boundary under tensile stress wave from blast loading. From the numerical analysis based on Johnson-Holmquist in AUTODYN, crack branching appear near free boundary obviously, meanwhile the radial cracks grow and run through sample by reflected wave at last. Compared to the experimental results, the evolution and final shape of cracks are agree with the experimental results, the central damage area is less than latter because JWL equation neglect the gas loading in numerical calculation.

Abstract To investigate the deformation characteristic of deep rock under cyclic blasting, the static-dynamic loading experimental equipment was set up. The dynamic strain gauges and high-speed (HS) camera were adopted to obtain strain field and the crack propagation of rock under confining pressure of 0 MPa, 5 MPa and 10 MPa. Under the one-time loading from cylindrical charge, the cracks in crushed zone were generated by shear and tensile failure. Circumference compressive stress is formed around borehole by confining pressure, and it reduces the circumference tensile failure by blast loading. The number of radial cracks and broken radius reduce with confining pressure increase. The reflected stress wave drives the existing fissures further developing. When specimens subjected to cyclic loading from PETN Cord, the rock is controlled by elastic deformation and no damage appeared after the first loading. With the cycle-index increase, the accumulation of plastic strain is observably when the strain exceeds the elastic limit strength of rock. The cumulative damage is nonlinear increased under cyclic loadings. The existing flaws or radial cracks run through specimen when the cumulative damage exceeds the material's yield strength.

Embora a farmacocinética (PK) do cloridrato de diltiazem nas formas de comprimidos de liberação imediata e cápsulas de liberação modificada em ensaios clínicos já tenha sido relatada, a pesquisa da PK do cloridrato de diltiazem na forma de cápsulas com peletes de liberação retardada e sustentada ainda é muito importante. Neste trabalho, propusemos avaliar a farmacocinética do cloridrato de diltiazem administrado através desta nova forma farmacêutica em voluntários chineses sadios, assim como a influência da ingestão de alimentos neste perfil farmacocinético. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico aberto, randomizado e paralelo em 36 voluntários, que receberam dose oral única de 90 mg, 180 mg ou 270 mg e dose múltiplas (90 mg/d × 6 d) pela mesma via de administração. Para avaliar o efeito da ingestão de alimentos sobre a PK do diltiazem foi realizada a administração de dose única (360 mg) em 24 voluntários chineses sadios. A concentração plasmática do diltiazem foi determinada por Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiência em fase reversa (CLAE-FR) e os principais parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram analisados através do emprego do software PKSolver (Ver 2.0). O ensaio de farmacocinética clínica foi conduzido na clínica Pharmacological Center (No.JDX1999064) do Hospital de Xiangya, Central South University, China. Os parâmetros PK obtidos indicaram que a nova formulação de cápsulas de liberação retardada e sustentada de cloridrato de diltiazem possue marcantes características de liberação retardada e controlada do fármaco.

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of ordinary tablets and sustained release capsules of diltiazem hydrochloride in human clinical trials had been studied. The PK of diltiazem hydrochloride delay-onset sustained-release pellet capsules, a new dosage form, has not been reported, although it is very important to clinical use. In this paper, we investigated the PK of diltiazem hydrochloride delay-onset sustained-release pellet capsules and the food influence in Chinese healthy volunteers. The PK parameters indicated that the diltiazem hydrochloride delay-onset sustained-release pellet capsules appeared marked characteristics of delayed and controlled release. An opened-label, randomized and parallel clinical trial was conducted in 36 Chinese healthy volunteers with single oral dose (90 mg, 180 mg or 270 mg) and a multiple oral dose (90 mg d-1×6 d) administration. The effect of food on the PK of one single oral dose (360 mg) was investigated in 24 healthy Chinese volunteers. Plasma diltiazem concentration was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by PKSolver (Ver 2.0). All clinical studies were conducted in the Clinical Pharmacological Center (No. JDX1999064) of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated Central South University, China. The PK parameters suggested that the new formulation had marked characteristics of delayed and controlled release of diltiazem, and food intake did not alter significantly diltiazem pharmacokinetic parameters.

Dois novos quinenóides chiritalona A and B, e uma nova neolignina 7'E-4,9-dihidroxi-3,3',5'-trimethoxi-8,4'-oxineolign-7'-en-9'-al, além dos conhecidos (-)-8-hidroxi-α-dunniona, digiferruginol, 2,5-dimetoxi-1,4-benzoquinona e hederagenina, foram isolados do caule de Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao. As estruturas dos novos compostos foram elucidadas por análise detalhada de dados obtidos pela técnicas de NMR (ressonância magnética nuclear) e MS (espectrometria de massas), e a configuração absoluta de chiritalona A foi determinada por análise de difração de raios X de monocristal utilizando o parâmetro Flack. A atividade inibitória dos compostos com relação ao vírus da síndrome respiratória e reprodutiva suína (PRRSV) foi medida pelo método do efeito citopático (CPE). Digiferruginol e hederagenina apresentaram efeito fraco com relação ao PRRSV com valor IC50 de 80,5 ± 16,9 µmol L-1 (SI = 19,9) e 43,2 ± 7,4 µmol L-1 (SI = 13,1), respectivamente.

Two new quinonoids chiritalone A and B, and a new neolignan 7'E-4,9-dihydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolign-7'-en-9'-al, along with known (-)-8-hydroxy-α-dunnione, digiferruginol, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and hederagenin, were isolated from the stems of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analysis from NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and MS (mass spectrometry) data, and the absolute configuration of chiritalone A was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using the Flack parameter. The inhibitory activity of compounds against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) was measured by the cytopathic effect (CPE) method. Digiferruginol and hederagenin showed weak effect on PRRSV with an IC50 value of 80.5 ± 16.9 µmol L-1 (SI = 19.9) and 43.2 ± 7.4 µmol L-1 (SI = 13.1), respectively.

PROBLEM: Quick detection and response were essential for preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases after the Sichuan earthquake. However, the existing public health communication system in Sichuan province, China, was severely damaged by the earthquake. APPROACH: The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention set up a mobile phone emergency reporting system. In total, 495 light-powered mobile phones were delivered to local health-care agencies in earthquake affected areas. All phones were loaded with software designed for inputting and transmitting cases of infectious disease directly to a national database for further analysis. LOCAL SETTING: The emergency reporting system was set up in 14 counties hit hardest by the earthquake in Sichuan province, China. RELEVANT CHANGES: One week after delivering mobile phones to earthquake-affected areas, the number of health-care agencies at the township level that had filed reports returned to the normal level. The number of cases reported by using mobile phones accounted for as much as 52.9% of the total cases reported weekly from 19 May to 13 July in those areas LESSONS LEARNED: The mobile phone is a useful communication tool for infectious disease surveillance in areas hit by natural disasters. Nevertheless, plans must be made ahead of time and be included in emergency preparedness programmes.

PROBLEMA: La detección y respuesta rápidas fueron esenciales para prevenir los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas después del terremoto de Sichuan. Sin embargo, el sistema de comunicación de salud pública empleado en esa provincia china se vio gravemente afectado por el terremoto. ENFOQUE: El Centro para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de China estableció un sistema de notificación de emergencia a base de teléfonos móviles. Se suministraron en total 495 teléfonos móviles alimentados por energía solar a organismos locales de atención sanitaria de las zonas afectadas por el terremoto. Todos los teléfonos disponían de software diseñado para registrar y notificar los casos de enfermedades infecciosas directamente a una base de datos nacional para su posterior análisis. CONTEXTO LOCAL: El sistema de notificación de emergencia se puso en marcha en las 14 circunscripciones de la provincia de Sichuan más castigadas por el terremoto. CAMBIOS DESTACABLES: Una semana después de suministrar los teléfonos móviles a las zonas afectadas por el seísmo, el número de organismos de atención sanitaria operativos a nivel municipal que registraban y notificaban los casos había aumentado hasta alcanzar los niveles habituales. El número de casos notificados usando los teléfonos móviles representó hasta el 52,9% del total de casos notificados semanalmente entre el 19 de mayo y el 13 de julio en esas zonas. ENSEÑANZAS EXTRAÍDAS: El teléfono móvil es un valioso instrumento de comunicación para la vigilancia de las enfermedades infecciosas en las zonas afectadas por desastres naturales. Sin embargo, es preciso planificar su uso con antelación e incluir esos planes en los programas de preparación para emergencias.

PROBLÉMATIQUE: Une détection et une riposte rapides sont essentielles pour prévenir les flambées épidémiques de maladies infectieuses après le tremblement de terre du Sichuan. Cependant, le système de communication en santé publique dont disposait la province du Sichuan a été gravement endommagé par le séisme. DÉMARCHE: Le Centre chinois pour la lutte contre les maladies et leur prévention a mis en place un système de notification d'urgence par téléphone portable. Au total, 495 téléphones portables à batterie solaire ont été livrés aux agences sanitaires locales de la zone touchée par le séisme. Un logiciel conçu pour la saisie et la transmission directe à une base de données des cas de maladie infectieuse pour analyse plus poussée a été chargé sur chaque téléphone. CONTEXTE LOCAL: Le système de notification d'urgence a été mis en place dans les 14 comtés de la province du Sichuan les plus durement touchés par le séisme. MODIFICATIONS PERTINENTES: Une semaine après la livraison des téléphones portables dans les zones affectées, le nombre d'agences sanitaires au niveau des cantons envoyant des rapports était revenu à la normale. Le nombre de cas notifiés à l'aide des téléphones portables représentait près de 52,9 % du nombre total de cas notifiés par semaine entre le 19 mai et le 13 juillet dans ces zones ENSEIGNEMENTS TIRÉS: Le téléphone portable est un outil de communication utile pour la surveillance des maladies infectieuses dans les zones frappées par des catastrophes naturelles. Néanmoins, des plans doivent être établis à l'avance et intégrés aux programmes de préparation aux situations d'urgence.