Abstract Biodegradable and antimicrobial films via combing ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a promising material for food packaging. We prepared the ε-PL/ PVA films with the ε-PL content of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% (wt., relative to PVA) by casting method and their physical and chemical properties were characterized. SEM indicated the surface of ε-PL/PVA films was smooth with well compatibility between ε-PL and PVA at the ε-PL addition content of 1%. The tensile strength and barrier properties for water vapor and oxygen of the ε-PL/PVA films initially elevated and then decreased when ε-PL content exceeded 1%. The ε-PL doped endows antibacterial activity of PVA and the antibacterial property of ε-PL/PVA films was increasing with increase of ε-PL content. Compared with the control, the ε-PL/PVA packaging films could inhibit effectively the pericarp browning and pulp breakdown for longan, consequently the rate of commercially acceptable fruit packaged by ε-PL/PVA films was improved dramatically. However, the effect of ε-PL/PVA on weight loss rate for longan was worse than the control.

Abstract Purpose: To compare the safety, feasibility, and short-term clinical benefits of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (L-PPPD) to open pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (O-PPPD) through retrospective matched cases. Methods: Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed, CNKI were searched systematically identify studies published between January and December 2017 comparing L-PPPD to O-PPPD. The meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.3. Results: Two studies matched the selection criteria, including 108 (50%) cases of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and 108(50%) cases of open pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. None of the included studies were randomized, which were both retrospective matched cases. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula, blood loss, diet start and lymph nodes. However, L-PPPD has a shorter hospital stay (p=0.0003) and O-PPPD has a shorter operative time (p=0.02) and tend to decrease the delayed gastric emptying. Conclusions: The perioperative safety of laparoscopic surgery, which also has advantages of minimal invasion and shorter hospital stay, is comparable to that of open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery could be operated if the patients matched the indication and operation difficulty is not so great. However, blind pursuits of L-PPPD should be restrained because there is no essential difference between these two in terms of feasibility, safety and short-term complication.

The exact pathogenesis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis is still lacking and some controversies over its diagnosis and treatment exist. Originally recognized as a precancerous lesion, adenomyomatosis is currently recognized by recent studies as a benign alteration of the gallbladder that is often associated with cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis. Gallbladder carcinoma is an extremely malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Therefore, it is important to diagnose, differentiate, and confirm the relationship between adenomyomatosis and early-stage gallbladder carcinoma. However, the early clinical symptoms of adenomyomatosis are extremely similar to those of gallbladder stones and cholecystitis, increasing the difficulty to identify and treat this disease. This article summarizes the research progress on gallbladder adenomyomatosis, aiming to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of adenomyomatosis and further provide insight for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.