Water resources assessment in a basin or basin system can be made by quantifying the different components of the water budget. In order to accurately establish the surface water availability in the forest basin rivers of Mantua, Cuyaguateje and San Juan y Martínez, the method of hydrological budget proposed by Lvovitch in 1959 was applied. Rainfall and runoff data in situ measurements were used during a period of 23 years. The records showed a tendency to increase transpiration over runoff processes. Only 38% of the annual precipitation turns into runoff in Mantua and Cuyaguateje rivers and up to 42% in San Juan y Martínez river. In the dry season runoff percentages are 27, 3 %, 26, 4% and 32% respectively.

La evaluación de los recursos hídricos de una cuenca o sistema de cuencas se puede hacer cuantificando los distintos componentes del balance hídrico. Con el objetivo de determinar con precisión la disponibilidad de agua superficial en los ríos de las cuencas forestales Mantua, Cuyaguateje y San Juan y Martínez, se utilizó un método de balance hídrico propuesto por Lvovitch en 1959. Se emplearon mediciones de lluvia y escurrimiento, realizadas in situ, durante un período de 23 años, mostrando una tendencia a incrementarse los procesos de transpiración sobre los escurrimientos. Solo 38% de la precipitación anual se convierte en escurrimiento en Mantua y Cuyaguateje y hasta 42% en San Juan y Martínez. En la época de seca los porcentajes de escurrimiento son 27,3%, 26,4% y 32% respectivamente.

Management and protection of the ground water requires a planned use of the aquifer, considering the social and economic factors of the environment without causing damages in quality and quantity. The karstic aquifer of the sub-basin Artemisa-Quivicán, which supports food production for Artemisa and Havana counties, has been characterised through the nuclear techniques application (isotopic hydrology). Three investigation stages were developed: the design and definition of the optimized network for the isotopic and physicochemical monitoring of ground and surface waters; the isotopic characterization (tritium, dissolved oxygen, deuterium) and physicochemical characterization (chemical macro-components, physical and quality parameters) of the sub-basin water and of registered precipitations in the region; and finally the identification of the possible contamination sources in the sub-basin.

La gestión y protección del agua subterránea, establece una utilización planificada del acuífero, sin causar daños en calidad y cantidad; considerando los factores sociales y económicos del entorno. Se caracterizó mediante el uso de las técnicas nucleares (hidrología isotópica), el acuífero kárstico de la sub-cuenca Artemisa-Quivicán, el cual sustenta la producción alimenticia de la provincia Artemisa y la Habana. Para ello se desarrollaron 3 etapas investigativas: el diseño y definición de la red optimizada para el monitoreo isotópico y fisicoquímico en el agua subterránea y superficial; la caracterización isotópica (tritio, oxígeno disuelto, deuterio) y físico-química (macro-componentes químicos, parámetros físicos y de calidad) del agua de la sub-cuenca y de las precipitaciones registradas en la región y la identificación de las posibles fuentes de contaminación en la sub-cuenca.

Background. Despite the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of hand hygiene, compliance is less than 60% in health care workers. Training activities are rejected because they are considered too conventional. The aim of this study was to implement a multimodal hand hygiene strategy to assess compliance in health care workers. Methods. A time-series study was performed including three observation periods during 3 years. Five components were implemented in parallel: changes in infrastructure, availability of supplies, training and education for health care workers, monitoring hand hygiene practices and feedback were recorded. Results. During the first period (2009), the prevalence of hand washing was 53.84; less than 10% complied with the five moments. For the second period in June 2010 (n = 204), the prevalence was 62.74; 13.23% complied with the five moments. In 2011 the prevalence was 51; 38.9% complied with the five moments (p < 0.05). Conclusions. After implementing a multimodal strategy, compliance increased significantly with a similar prevalence.

Introducción. El apego de los profesionales de la salud a la higiene de manos, en general, es menor a 60%, a pesar de la sencillez y la efectividad de esta medida. Las actividades de capacitación son desestimadas por ser consideradas una estrategia demasiado convencional. El objetivo de el presente trabajo fue evaluar el apego en la higiene de manos en los trabajadores de un hospital a través de implementar una estrategia tipo multimodal. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio de series temporales, que incluyó tres periodos de observación en 3 años. Se implementaron 5 componentes en paralelo: cambios en infraestructura, disponibilidad de los insumos, capacitación y educación para los profesionales de la salud, monitoreo de las prácticas de higiene de manos y retroalimentación, recordatorios. Resultados. En el primer estudio (2009) la prevalencia de lavado de manos fue de 53.84; menos del 10% lo llevó a cabo en los 5 momentos. Para el segundo periodo en junio 2010, (n = 204) la prevalencia fue 62.74; 13.23% lo realizó en los 5 momentos. En 2011 la prevalencia fue 51; 38.9% lo hizo en los 5 momentos (p < 0.05). Conclusiones. Al implementar un proceso multimodal se incrementó el cumplimiento de forma significativa, sin modificarse la prevalencia.

Foi estudada a fauna de metazoários parasitos de Pygocentrus nattereri capturadas no lago Piranha, durante as fases do ciclo hidrológico do ano de 2007. Foi verificada a relação entre o fator de condição e a ocorrência de parasitos, e também a viabilidade da utilização da fauna parasitária de P. nattereri como bioindicadora da saúde do ambiente. Foram coletados monogenóideos das espécies Amphithecium microphalum, Amphitecium brachycirrum, Amphitecium calycinum, Amphithecium catalaoensis, Amphithecium junki, Pithanothecium amazonensis e Rhinoxenus piranhus, o nematóide Procamallanus inopinatus, copépodos da espécie Miracetyma sp. e o isópoda Anphira branchialis. Não houve correlação significativa entre a ocorrência dos parasitos com o fator de condição dos peixes. Houve variações significativas entre os índices parasitários nos diferentes períodos do ciclo hidrológico e P. nattereri satisfez os requisitos descritos na literatura para selecionar um peixe hospedeiro e sua parasitofauna como bioindicadora.

The metazoan parasitic fauna of Pygocentrus nattereri collected in different phases of hydrologic cycle of Piranha lake was studied during the year of 2007. The study area is located in gas pipeline Coari-Manaus construction zone, near the municipality of Manacapuru-Am. The relationship between condition factor and parasite occurrence and the viability of use the parasitic fauna as an environmental bio-indicator were verified. The following Monogenoidea were collected: Amphithecium microphalum, Amphitecium brachycirrum, Amphitecium calycinum, Amphithecium catalaoensis, Amphithecium junki, Pithanothecium amazonensis e Rhinoxenus piranhus, as well as the nematode Procamallanus inopinatus, the copepod Miracetyma sp. and the isopod Anphira branchialis. There was not significant correlation between the parasite occurrence and the condition factor. There were significant variances in the parasitic index according to the different periods of hydrologic cycle and P. nattereri has achieved the conditions described in the literature to be select a fish-host and his parasite fauna as biomonitor.