The chemical kinetics of sugarcane filter cake (FC) organic matter degradation at rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 t ha-1) in non-contaminated and different degrees of cadmium-contaminated Oxisol (0.19, 28, 56, 112 and 200 mg Cd kg-1) and DTPA-extractable Cd was studied. FC degradation was determined by quantifying CO2 emitted from soil samples during 72 days of incubation. DTPA-extractable Cd was performed after the incubation period. FC degradation was described by a two-stage equation of chemical kinetics. FC degradation rates were between 15 and 33%. Total CO2 emitted from FC declined with increasing degree in Cd-contamination and the DTPA-extractable Cd declined with FC rates.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização, pela planta de milho, do P proveniente de superfosfato triplo marcado com 32P (32P‑SFT), e do P proveniente do solo influenciado por doses de N e pelos adubos verdes (AV) crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum). O experimento foi realizado em vasos com 5 kg de Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x4x2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: quatro doses de P, na forma de SFT (0, 0,175, 0,350 e 0,700 g de P por vaso); quatro doses de N, na forma de ureia (0, 0,75, 1,50 e 2,25 g de N por vaso); e crotalária ou milheto, como adubo verde. Foram levadas em consideração as adições de P e N pelos AV. Após a maturação fisiológica dos grãos, foram avaliados: a produção de matéria seca de milho, o teor de P, o P acumulado e o aproveitamento de P nos diferentes tratamentos. O aproveitamento do 32P‑SFT pelo milho aumentou com o incremento da dose de N e diminuiu com o aumento da dose de 32P‑SFT. O fertilizante mineral fornece a maior parte do P acumulado nas plantas de milho. O aproveitamento do 32P‑SFT pelo milho foi de 13,12%, em média. A espécie de adubo verde influencia a assimilação de 32P‑SFT pelas plantas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the utilization by corn plants of P from triple superphosphate fertilizer labeled with 32P (32P‑TSP), and of P from soil as affected by N rates and by the green manures (GM) sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum). The experiment was carried out using pots filled with 5 kg Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox). A completely randomized design was used, in a 4x4x2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. The treatments were: four P rates as TSP (0, 0.175, 0.350, and 0.700 g P per pot); four N rates as urea (0, 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 g N per pot); and sunn hemp or millet as green manure. The additions of N and P by the GM were taken into account. After grain physiologic maturation, corn dry matter, P contents, accumulated P, and P recovery in the different treatments were measured. 32P‑TSP recovery by corn increased with N increasing rates, and decreased with increasing rates of 32P‑TSP. The mineral fertilizer provides most of the accumulated P by corn plants. The recovery of 32P‑TSP by corn was 13.12% in average. The green manure species influence the assimilation of 32P‑TSP by the plants.

Zn availability in Red Latossol (Rhodic Ferralsol) of different pH amended with different rates of sewage sludge was studied by the isotopic 65Zn L value method. Soil chemical properties were found to be altered by SS addition. Zn concentration and Zn derived from SS (ZnpfSS) in plant, and Zn phytoavailability (L value), were increased with increasing SS rates. The linear correlation coefficient of plant Zn with SS rates and with L value was significant at 1% probability. The L value proved an efficient method for predicting Zn phytoavailability in sewage sludge-amended soil with different pH under the soil conditions studied.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus on the Cd availability to plants of a contaminated soil using 109Cd isotope and chemical extractants. The experiment was set in a randomized block design and the soil was labeled with 222 KBq of 109Cd per pot and received 5 rates of P as triple superphosphate, growing lettuce plants as test crop. The use of phosphorus reduced pH of soil which altered the Cd availability in DTPA and Mehlich extractants. The lettuce Cd content decreased but its accumulation and L value increased in all treatments compared to the control, demonstrating the inefficiency of phosphorus in reducing the Cd availability.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o aproveitamento, pelo milho (Zea mays L.), do nitrogênio (N) proveniente da ureia, de restos culturais da crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) e do milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), e do solo, em função da adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em vasos com 5 kg de solo (Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 32 tratamentos e 4 repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x4x2. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro doses de N, na forma de ureia - 0, 0,75, 1,50 e 2,25g por vaso (com ou sem marcação com 15N); quatro doses de P, na forma de superfosfato triplo - 0, 0,175, 0,350 e 0,700g por vaso; e dois tipos de adubo verde, com ou sem marcação com 15N - crotalária e milheto, com adição de matéria seca equivalente a 1 g de N por vaso. Foram avaliados a produtividade de matéria seca, a quantidade de N acumulado e o aproveitamento do N pelo milho. O fertilizante mineral forneceu a maior parte do N acumulado nas plantas de milho, seguido pelo N do solo e de adubos verdes. O aproveitamento do N proveniente da crotalária, pelo milho, foi maior que o do N do milheto. A aplicação de fósforo aumentou a assimilação do N proveniente da ureia e de adubos verdes.

The objectives of this work were to evaluate corn (Zea mays) nitrogen (N) utilization from the green manure crops sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and from urea, and to calculate the contribution of soil N to the mineral nutrition of corn, as affected by nitrogen and phosphorus mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in pots with 5 kg of soil (Rhodic Hapludox). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 32treatments and four replicates, in a 4x4x2 factorial array. The treatments were combinations of four N rates as urea: 0, 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25g N per pot (labeled or not with 15N); four P rates as triple superphosphate: 0, 0.175, 0.350 and 0.700g P per pot; and sunnhemp and millet labeled or not with 15N. Green manure dry matter provided 1 g N per pot. Corn plants were evaluated for dry mass yield, accumulated N, and N utilization from green manures, urea, and the soil. The mineral fertilizer supplied the largest amount of N to the corn plants, followed by N from soil and from green manures. The N utilization from sunnhemp by corn plants was greater than the N utilization from millet. The phosphorus application increased the assimilation of N from urea and from green manures.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição do Zn aplicado nas folhas e no solo para os órgãos desenvolvidos após a aplicação. Plantas de laranjeiras 'Valência' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) enxertadas em citrumeleiro 'Swingle'(Citrus paradisi Macfad. cv. Duncan x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) foram utilizadas para os dois experimentos conduzidos em casa de vegetação. No primeiro experimento, laranjeiras com 5 anos, conduzidas em substrato, foram pulverizadas com 80 ml de solução com 65ZnCl2 na concentração de 0,25 g L-1 Zn, durante o florescimento. No segundo experimento, foram transplantadas mudas e laranjeiras com 5 anos, para vasos com solo arenoso. As mudas receberam aplicação de 65ZnSO4.7H2O no plantio, e as laranjeiras, com 5 anos em cobertura. Após a emissão de novos fluxos de crescimento, o material vegetal foi colhido, seco e submetido à extração nitroperclórico. No extrato, foi determinado o Zn total e o 65Zn em cintilador sólido. A adubação foliar aumentou o teor de Zn nas folhas que receberam a aplicação. O Zn aplicado no solo, tanto em plantio como em cobertura, aumentou os teores de Zn nos órgãos que nasceram após a aplicação.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the Zn applied on the leaves and on the soil to the organs gown after the placation. Orange trees 'Valencia' variety (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) budded on 'Swingle' citrumelo (Citrus paradisi Macfad. Cv. Duncan x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) were used in both experiments carried out in greenhouse. In the first experiment, five-year-old orange trees, grown in substrate, were sprayed with 80 mL/tree of a solution containing 65ZnCl2 in the concentration of 0.25 g L-1 Zn, when they were emitting flowering process. In the second experiment, five-year-old orange trees and young orange trees were grown on sandy soil. The 65ZnSO4.7H2O was applied in the young trees in the planting period, and in the orange trees with 5 years under coverage. After the emission of new growing fluxes, the vegetal material was collected, dried and submitted to nitroperchloric extraction. In the extract, both the total Zn and the 65Zn in a solid scintillation were determinated. The foliar fertilization increased the content of Zn in leaves that had received the application. The Zn applied on the soil, both in the planting process and in the greenhouse, increased the Zn contents in the plant organs which developed after the application.

Como geralmente os solos usados para plantações de eucalipto no Brasil são de baixa fertilidade, a adubação fosfórica é indispensável, incrementando o custo da plantação. Espécies mais eficientes no uso de fósforo (P) de fontes pouco solúveis poderiam ser uma opção interessante. Porém, pouco se conhece ainda sobre o comportamento de eucalipto em relação à capacidade de usar fósforo de fontes com diferente solubilidade em água. O uso de P por eucalipto (E. urophylla, E. grandis, and E. urophylla <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> E. grandis), foi estudado em experimento de casa de vegetação usando solo da Região de Cerrado, Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo hypodistrófico, e o método isotópico com 32P. As fontes de P usadas foram superfosfato triplo (SFT), rocha fosfórica (RF) e a mistura de superfosfato triplo com rocha fosfórica (SFT+RF). A eficácia das fontes de P em termos do aumento do rendimento de matéria seca seguiu a ordem SFT = (SFT + RF) > RF e de P absorvido a ordem (SFT + RF) > SFT > RF por ambas as espécies e o híbrido de eucalipto. O incremento na absorção de P de RF, influenciada pela mistura com SFT foi de 217,3% em E. urophylla, 235,7% em E. grandis e 28,7% em E. urophylla <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> E. grandis, indicando o efeito benéfico do SFT sobre a efetividade da RF. O híbrido E. urophylla <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> E. grandis foi o genótipo mais eficiente no uso de P do solo e E. grandis o mais exigente em P do fertilizante.

Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil is generally set on low fertility soils, therefore phosphorus (P) fertilization is mandatory and increases the cost of plantation operation. Using species that more efficiently uptake phosphorus from less soluble sources is an interesting option. However, little is known about eucalyptus regarding its ability of using less soluble forms of phosphorus. The use of P by eucalyptus (E. urophylla, E. grandis, and E. urophylla <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> E. grandis) was studied in greenhouse using a loamy-textured, hipodystrophic Typic Haplustox from the Cerrado region, and 32P isotopic method. The P sources tested were triple superphosphate (TSP), phosphate rock (PR) and the triple superphosphate mixed with PR (TSP+PR). The effectiveness of P sources in terms of increasing dry matter yield was TSP = (TSP + PR) > PR, and the P uptake followed the order (TSP + PR) > TSP > PR for both species plus the hybrid. The increase in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence was 217.3% for E. urophylla, 235.7% for E. grandis, and 28.7% for E. urophylla <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> E. grandis, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of PR. The hybrid E. urophylla <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> E. grandis was the most efficient genotype on P soil use and E. grandis most exigent in P fertilizer.