The effect of using mixed cultures of non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts in the physicochemical and sensory qualities of the wines were analyzed in this study. Based on growth curves, sugar consumption and glycerol production in synthetic must, Candida membranifaciens L1805 was selected from a group of four Candidas spp. isolates from Chile and Argentina. This yeast was subsequently used in combination with S. cerevisiae in Chardonnay must. A monoculture of S. cerevisiae was used as control. The wines fermented with mixed cultures had lower volatile acidity and ethanol concentration than the control. Furthermore, the chromatographic analysis showed that the wines from mixed cultures presented differences in the concentration of esters and propanol. These characteristics positively influenced the sensory qualities of the wines produced with mixed cultures, which was reflected in the preference for these wines by a panel of enologists. This study shows that the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts could be a strategy to obtain distinctive wines using the native microorganisms from each winemaking area.

En este estudio se analizó el efecto del uso de cultivos mixtos de levaduras no-Saccharomyces y Saccharomyces cerevisiae en las cualidades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de los vinos. Candida membranifaciens L1805 fue elegida de un grupo de cuatro Candida spp. aisladas de Chile y Argentina, sobre la base de las curvas de crecimiento, el consumo de azúcar y la producción de glicerol en mosto sintético. Posteriormente, esta levadura fue usada en cultivo mixto con S. cerevisiae en mosto Chardonnay. Como control se utilizó un monocultivo de S. cerevisiae. Los vinos producidos por cultivos mixtos tuvieron menor acidez volátil y producción de etanol que los correspondientes al control. Los análisis cromatográficos mostraron que estos vinos presentaron diferencias en la concentración de ésteres y de propanol. Estas características afectaron positivamente las cualidades sensoriales de los vinos, lo cual se reflejó en la preferencia del panel de enólogos. El estudio muestra que el uso de levaduras no-Saccharomyces puede ser una estrategia para obtener vinos diferentes usando microorganismos nativos de cada área vitivinícola.

We present a clinical case of a young man, victim of electrical burning to the face, with complex injuries to the mouth and nose. He presented cutaneous and framework damage to the nose and cutaneous damage to superior and inferior lips. He was submitted to nose repair with supratroclear flaps and mouth repair with bipedicular randomlybased cervical flap according to Tsur et al. The treatment allowed satisfactory nose cover and lips reconstruction, improvement on mastigatory function and speech as well as aesthetically accepted face.

Caso de paciente jovem, vítima de queimadura elétrica na face, com complexas seqüelas na região da boca e nariz, como perda de substância cutânea e de parte do arcabouço cartilaginoso envolvendo dorso, ponta, columela e asas nasais, além de perda de lábios superior e inferior, com importante retração cicatricial das áreas vizinhas à lesão. Foi submetido a reparação da perda de substância nasal com retalhos supratrocleares e reconstrução dos lábios superior e inferior, através de retalho cervical bipediculado ao acaso, descrito por Tsur e cols. Resultou em boa cobertura nasal e reconstrução dos lábios, preservação das funções mastigatória e fala, além de permitir melhor figura estética ao paciente.

Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven, víctima de quemadura eléctrica en la cara, con complejas secuelas en la zona de boca y nariz, pérdida de sustancia y de parte del componente cartilaginoso de dorso, punta, colmuela y alas nasales, además de pérdida de labio superior e inferior, e importantes retracciones cicatriciales en áreas de vecindad. Fue sometido a reparación quirúrgica de la pérdida de sustancia nasal mediante colgajos supratrocleares y a reconstrucción de labio superior e inferior mediante colgajo cervical bipediculado, según descripción de Tsur y col. El resultado fue una buena cobertura nasal y la reconstrucción de los labios preservando sus funciones masticatorias y de habla, mejorando además la imagen estética del paciente.

As podridões pós-colheita constituem fator de risco nas exportações. No entanto, o número de produtos registrados para o tratamento pós-colheita de frutos de melão (Cucumis melo) é reduzido. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a influência dos fungicidas thiabendazole, azoxystrobin e imazalil a 30, 10 e 400g i.a/100 l, no desenvolvimento de Fusarium pallidoroseum e estudar o efeito deles, combinados à refrigeração, no controle de podridão em melão. Thiabendazole e imazalil inibiram 100% do crescimento micelial e esporulação de F. pallidoroseum, enquanto o azoxystrobin 87,09% da esporulação. A refrigeração inibiu o desenvolvimento de lesões sobre os frutos tratados com os fungicidas e inoculados com 10(7) conídios/ml de F. pallidoroseum. No armazenamento à temperatura ambiente, até o 6º dia de armazenamento, os fungicidas mostraram-se efetivos, sendo que o azoxystrobin e thiabendazole controlaram, eficientemente, a severidade e tamanho de lesão até 12 e 16 dias de armazenamento, respectivamente. Sob refrigeração o melhor controle foi obtido em frutos tratados com thiabendazole e imazalil. Quando retirados da refrigeração, frutos tratados com fungicidas mantiveram os mesmos níveis de controle da doença até o 20º dia. Quanto à severidade, azoxystrobin e imazalil diferiram da testemunha, e para o tamanho da lesão apenas o azoxystrobin. No armazenamento refrigerado contínuo, o índice de doença manteve-se baixo até o final da avaliação (34 dias). Os fungicidas foram eficientes no controle da incidência e tamanho de lesão, destacando-se o thiabendazole e imazalil no controle da severidade, enquanto que no desenvolvimento de lesão espontânea no pedúnculo do fruto, o imazalil.

Postharvest decay caused by quiescent fungi represents a risk for fresh fruit export. Nevertheless, the number of melon (Cucumis melo) products registered for postharvest treatment is still very low. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of three fungicides (thiabendazole, azoxystrobin and imazalil at 30, 10 and 400 g a.i/100 l) on mycelium growth and sporulation of Fusarium pallidoroseum and to compare the effect of these fungicides combined with low temperatures for the control of postharvest fungal pathogens on melons. Thiabendazole and imazalil inhibited 100% of fungal mycelial growth and sporulation while azoxystrobin inhibit 87.09%. Refrigeration inhibited lesion development in melon treated with fungicides and inoculated with 10(7)conidia/ml suspension. All tested fungicides were effective to control the incidence of post-harvested fungal pathogens at room temperature for up to six days of storage. Thiabendazole and azoxystrobin were efficient in reducing severity and lesion size for up to 12 and 16 days of storage, respectively. Under refrigeration, better control was obtained with thiabendazole and imazalil. When withdrawn from a refrigerated environment, the fungicides were able to maintein control until day 20. For severity, azoxystrobin and imazalil differed from the control; for lesion size, only azoxystrobin differed. During 34 days in refrigerated storage, the fungicides controlled equally for incidence and lesion size while for severity, a better control was obtain with thiabendazole and imazalil. Imazalil had the best control of spontaneous lesions that occurred on fruit peciolous.

O míldio, causado por Pseudoperonospora cubensis, é a principal doença fúngica da cultura do meloeiro (Cucumis melo) no período chuvoso nas regiões produtoras do Nordeste brasileiro, e para o seu controle são realizadas até dez aplicações de fungicidas. O estabelecimento de sistemas de previsão de danos causados por esta doença requer uma estimativa sob várias situações epidêmicas. Os danos causados pelo míldio à produção de frutos do meloeiro, levando-se em consideração o início do aparecimento dos sintomas e o estádio de desenvolvimento da planta, foram determinados em três experimentos de campo. Utilizou-se a aplicação de uma das misturas fungicidas tiofanato metílico + clorotalonil ou metalaxyl + mancozeb no estabelecimento de menores intensidades de míldio. Houve uma significativa redução do rendimento de frutos quando a doença teve início aos 24 e 36 dias, porém, quando a doença iniciou-se aos 47 dias, nenhum efeito na produção foi observado. Concluiu-se que os aspectos relacionados com a duração e, notadamente, com o início da epidemia, em relação ao ciclo do hospedeiro, devem ser considerados no estabelecimento de modelos de prognósticos de danos à produção.

Downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis is the main disease affecting melon (Cucumis melo) fruit during the rainy period in areas of Northeastern Brazil where the crop is produced. Up to ten fungicide sprays are used throughout the crop season. The establishment of risk analysis for forecast of damages caused by this disease requires an estimate of the losses under different epidemic situations. Three field experiments were carried out to determine the damage caused by downy mildew to the fruit yield of the melon crop. The epidemic was considered to begin in the phenological cycle of the host plant. Different intensities of epidemics were achieved by spraying one of the following fungicide mixtures: methyl thiophanate + chlorothalonil or metalaxyl + mancozeb. There was a significant reduction on the fruit yield when the disease started at 24 and 36 days after planting, but when the disease started on day 47, no effect in production was observed. It was concluded that the duration of the the epidemic and when it began in relation to the cycle of the host, should be considered when establishing prognostic models to describe the risks of yield losses.

Two cast <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> titanium aluminides, Ti47Al and Ti50Al (at. %), were obtained by arc melting under an argon atmosphere. The as-cast microstructure modification by annealing under protective argon atmosphere and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis facilities. As-cast structures presented strong microsegregations, being composed of primary <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font> dendrites (with low Al content), which transformed into lamellar <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>2 + <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> during solid state cooling, and interdendritic <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> phase (with high Al content). Annealing in the <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font> + <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> field was responsible for a partial reduction of microsegregation, a decreasing of the volume fraction of <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>2 + <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> lamellar dendrites, an increasing of <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> volume fraction and the occurrence of a small fraction of <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>2 particles and plates in some of the <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> grains. Annealing in the <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font> field at 1400 °C for one hour was insufficient to eliminate the as-cast microstructure in the Ti50Al alloy and produced large equiaxed lamellar colonies of <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>2+<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> in the Ti47Al alloy. HIP in the <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font> + <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> field (to avoid excessive grain growth) was responsible for microstructure modifications similar to the ones obtained by heat treating under similar soaking conditions.