ABSTRACT The insertion of the tree component in coffee production is a strategy from an economic and environmental perspective. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal influence on the agronomic and productive performance of the coffee crop under the interference of different tree species as a function of spacing. The experiment was set in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Amparo-MG, in 2012, and conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were: cultivar ‘Catuai Vermelho IAC 99’ in monoculture (3.40 m x 0.65 m) and intercropped with African mahogany, teak and pink cedar, in two spacings (9 x 13.6 m and 18 x 13.6 m), in coffee rows. Three coffee rows were fixed between rows, totaling 13.6 m. The following variables were evaluated: height (m), stem diameter (cm), crown diameter (m), productivity (bags ha-1) and yield (l/sc) for coffee. From the evaluations, there is a significant effect of height, productivity and yield for the coffee crop. The system intercropped with tree species did not influence coffee productivity and yield until the 3rd harvest and, for the 5th harvest, intercropping with mahogany favored productivity, although the accumulated productivity did not show any treatment effect.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade sensorial da bebida do café arábica sob a influência de espécies arbóreas cultivadas em diferentes espaçamentos. O ensaio foi instalado em 2012, no município do Santo Antônio do Amparo, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Um delineamento de blocos ao acaso foi realizado, com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos, conforme a seguir: Coffea arabica Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 em monocultivo (3,40x0,65 m); e essa cultivar consorciada em dois espaçamentos (9,0x13,6 e 18,0x13,6 m), na linha dos cafeeiros, com mogno-africano (Khaya ivorensis), teca (Tectona grandis), ou cedro-rosa (Acrocarpus fraxinifolius). Nas entrelinhas, foram fixadas três linhas de café, tendo totalizado 13,6 m entre as fileiras arborizadas. A produtividade, a análise sensorial (prova de xícara) e a análise de conteúdo dos atributos sensoriais foram avaliadas nas safras de 2017 e 2018. Os tratamentos e os anos de colheita influenciaram na produtividade. A análise sensorial foi positiva para o consórcio com o mogno-africano e a teca, em 2018. Os atributos sensoriais e as nuances são modificados pelos anos de colheita. Os cafeeiros arábica consorciados com mogno-africano apresentam produtividade superior, independentemente do espaçamento entre as espécies, bem como qualidade sensorial superior na colheita de 2018.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity and beverage sensory quality of arabica coffee under the influence of tree species cultivated at different spacings. The experiment was set in 2012, in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Amparo, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was carried out with four replicates and seven treatments, as follows: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 Coffea arabica in monoculture (3.40x0.65 m); and this cultivar intercropped at two spacings (9.0x13.6 and 18.0x13.6 m) in the coffee row ‒ either with African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis), teak (Tectona grandis), or pink cedar (Acrocarpus fraxinifolius). Three coffee rows were fixed between rows, totaling 13.6 m between the wooded rows. Productivity, sensory analysis (cup test), and content analysis of sensory attributes were evaluated in the 2017 and 2018 crop years. The treatments and years of harvest influenced productivity. The sensory analysis was positive for coffee intercropped with African mahogany and teak, in 2018. Sensory attributes and nuances are modified by the years of harvest. Arabica coffee plants intercropped with African mahogany show a superior productivity, regardless of the spacing between species, as well as a higher sensory quality in the 2018 harvest.

Abstract Annona crassiflora is a medicinal species and source of food with little information about its nutritional requirements during the initial phase. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate liming, phosphate fertilization and its interaction in A. crassiflora seedlings. The experiment was in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications in a randomized block design. The base saturations were: 8.3%, 25%, 50% and 75% and phosphorus: 0 mg dm-3, 100 mg dm-3, 200 mg dm-3 and 400 mg dm-3. The variables evaluated were biometrics, biomass and nutritional analysis. The species responded to the factors in isolation, and the increase in base saturation levels and phosphorus doses promoted significant effects for biometric variables, biomass, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. The saturation level promoted the best results, being 75% base saturation, while the highest phosphorus dosage was 400 mg dm-3.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar os requerimentos nutricionais e o efeito da limitação de nutrientes no desenvolvimento de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) utilizando a técnica da limitação nutricional. O ensaio foi estabelecido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos e oito repetições. Os tratamentos adotados foram os seguintes: completo 1 (C1 - adubado com N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn e calagem), completo 2 (C2 - adubado com N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, sem calagem), tratamentos completos com omissão de um nutriente por vez (completo 1 - N, completo 1 - P, completo 1 - K, completo 1 - S, completo 1 - B, completo 1 - Zn, completo 2 - Ca, completo 2 - Mg, completo 1 - calagem) e controle (solo natural). Aferiu-se o diâmetro e a altura das plantas, separando-as em parte aérea e sistema radicular. As mudas foram secas, pesadas, moídas e foi determinado o teor de nutrientes na matéria seca da parte aérea. De acordo com os resultados, as limitações de S e B não afetaram o crescimento das mudas de Dipteryx alata. P e N foram, de forma geral, os nutrientes que mais limitaram o crescimento das mudas de baru. A sequência de exigência nutricional apresentada pelas mudas de baru, considerando a produção de biomassa seca da parte aérea, em ordem decrescente foi: P = N > Ca = Mg = Zn = K = S = B.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nutritional requirements and the effect of nutrient limitation over the development of baru seedlings (Dipteryx alata Vogel), using the nutrient limitation technique. The trial was established in a completely randomized design, with 12 treatments and 8 replicates. The adopted treatments were the following: complete 1 (C1 - fertilization with N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn and liming), complete 2 (C2 - fertilization with N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, with no liming), complete treatment with the omission of a nutrient at a time (C1-N, C1-P, C1-K, C1-S, C1-B, C1-Zn, C2-Ca, C2-Mg, C1-liming) and control (natural soil). We assessed plant height and diameter, and separated them into shoot and root system. The seedlings were dried, weighed, ground for the determination of nutrient content of the shoot dry matter. According to the results, the limitation of S and B did not affect the growth of Dipteryx alata seedlings. In general, P and N were the nutrients that most limited the growth of Baru seedlings. The sequence of nutritional requirements presented by the Baru seedlings, in decreasing order, considering the production of shoot dry biomass, was: P = N > Ca = Mg = Zn = K = S = B.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the effect of phosphorus and liming doses on the morphological and nutritional characteristics of D. nigra seedlings. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized 4x4 factorial design. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of liming and 4 phosphorus doses. Morphological characteristics and nutritional analyses of plants were measured. There were no significant interactions between liming x P. Morphological characteristics presented differences for liming and phosphorus when analyzed separately. The best productive performances were found between an increase in base saturation between 48.07% and 54.76%. Morphological characteristics showed a linear behavior for P. Both the application of liming and P promoted positive effects on D. nigra growth.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho silvicultural de quatro espécies florestais introduzidas em arranjo para Integração Pecuária Floresta (IPF) sobre pastagem, em Lavras, Minas Gerais. As espécies estudadas foram o cedro australiano (seminal e clonal), mogno africano, teca e guanandi. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados completos, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro repetições e 48 plantas por parcela no arranjo (3(3x2)+7x2)m. As subparcelas corresponderam às épocas de avaliações (12, 18, 31, 36 e 43 meses pós-plantio). Os desempenhos das espécies foram avaliados por meio dos parâmetros de sobrevivência, diâmetro à altura do peito e altura. Com base no desempenho das espécies, o cedro australiano clonal apresentou maior crescimento em DAP e altura no arranjo para IPF sendo esta a espécie indicada para Lavras/MG, desde que na fase de implantação ocorra o controle da sobrevivência.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the silvicultural performance of four forest species introduced in a setting for integrated livestock forest (ILF) in a pasture in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species included were the Australian red cedar (seminal and clonal), African mahogany, teak, and guanandi. A split plot scheme with a randomized complete block design comprising four replicates and 48 plants per plot, was used in the following arrangement: (3(3x2) +7x2) m. The evaluation times (12, 18, 31, 36, and 43 months after planting) corresponded to the subplots. Performances of all four species were evaluated on the basis of their survival rate, height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH). Based on the performance of the species with regard to these parameters, the clonal Australian red cedar showed a greater growth in DBH and height in the ILF setting as compared to the other species, which indicates it to be a suitable species for the region of Lavras, MG as long as its survival control occurs in the implantation phase.

Acrocarpus fraxinifolius é uma espécie produtora de madeira dura que ocorre naturalmente na Índia, Miamar (Birmânis) e Bangla Desh. Considerando seu potencial madeireiro e sua possibilidade de desenvolvimento no Brasil, realizou-se o presente trabalho, com o objetivo de verificar as influências de diferentes espaçamentos e idades no desempenho silvicultural dessa espécie, visando à obtenção de madeira para a produção de biomassa e serraria. O experimento foi realizado em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram amostradas nove árvores em cada tratamento, ou seja, 36 árvores por bloco num total de 144 árvores amostradas. Os tratamentos se constituíram de quatro espaçamentos (1,5 m x 3m; 2m x 3m; 2,5m x 3m; 3m x 3 m). Foram analisados: diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), altura total (HT), sobrevivência, e foi calculada a área seccional (G/pl), a área basal (G), o volume de madeira por planta (V/pl), o volume de madeira por hectare (V), incremento corrente anual em volume (ICA), e o incremento médio anual em volume (IMA). As variáveis avaliadas HT, G/pl e V/pl apresentaram maiores valores nos espaçamentos 3 m x 3m e 2m x 3 m. Todos os espaçamentos, com exceção do 3 m x 1,5 m favoreceram o crescimento em DAP. As demais variáveis não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quando analisadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Conclui-se que os melhores espaçamentos de plantio para o Acrocarpus fraxinifolius até os 72 meses foram o 3 m x 3m e 3m x 2m.

Acrocarpus fraxinifolius is a hard wood tree species occurring mainly in Indonesia, Malaysia and India. Considering its potential for producing lumber and its development possibilities in Brazil, an experiment was carried out aiming to verify the effects of different spacing on the silvicultural performance of this species in order to produce wood biomass and sawnwood. The experiment was developed in completely randomized blocks with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions. Nine trees were sampled in each treatment, i.e., 36 trees per block, 144 trees overall. The treatments were constituted of four spacing: 1.5 m x 3m; 2m x 3m; 2.5m x 3m; 3m x 3 m. The following parameters were analyzed: diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (HT) and survival; and sectional area (G/pl), basal area (G), volume per plant (V/pl), volume per hectare (V), current annual volume increase and the annual mean increment in volume were calculated. The spacing 3m x 3m and 2m x 3 m presented the highest values of HT, G/pl and V/pl. All tested spacings favored the growth in DBH, except 3 m x 1.5 m. Other variables did not present statistical differences according to the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. It was concluded that the best planting spacing for Acrocarpus fraxinifolius at 72 months are 3m x 3m and 3m x 2m.