RESUMO Metais sanitários são objetos que, segundo as exigências vigentes do mercado consumidor, devem ser, ao mesmo tempo, resistentes à corrosão e bonitos, com aspecto espelhado brilhante. Estes são geralmente produzidos em latão fundido devido às suas características de fácil processamento e eletrodeposição. No entanto, para reduzir custos de produção, o latão tem sido substituído por ligas de zinco na fabricação destes componentes. O Zamac possui propriedades como baixo ponto de fusão em comparação ao latão, o que permite a obtenção de peças de paredes finas e geometrias complexas. A injeção sob pressão para obtenção de peças de ligas hipoeutéticas de zinco (Zamac 5) permite maior produtividade associada a melhores características dimensionais, com custo cerca de 30% menor do que o do latão. Este estudo apresenta a caracterização macro e microestrutural do Zamac 5 injetado sob pressão, relacionando-as com a resistência à corrosão da liga. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios de névoa salina e análises por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, ensaios de microdureza e ensaios eletroquímicos de corrosão. O Zamac 5 injetado sob pressão apresentou corrosão não-uniforme em regiões distintas da peça quando submetido à atmosfera agressiva. Os resultados também mostraram que este fato está associado aos defeitos de porosidade oriundos do processo de fabricação da liga. A microdureza da liga foi associada também aos defeitos oriundos do processo de fabricação. Por fim, evidenciou-se que o comportamento eletroquímico da liga é pouco influenciado pela presença dos defeitos.

ABSTRACT Sanitary metals are objects that, according to the current requirements of the consumer market, must be both corrosion resistant and beautiful, with a shiny mirror appearance. These are usually produced in cast brass because of their easy processing and electrodeposition characteristics. However, to reduce production costs, brass has been replaced by zinc alloys in the manufacture of these components. Zamac has properties such as low melting point compared to brass, which allows the production of thin-walled parts and complex geometries. Pressure injection to obtain zinc hypoeutec alloys (Zamac 5) allows higher productivity associated with better dimensional characteristics, costing about 30% less than brass. This study presents the macro and microstructural characterization of Zamac 5 injected under pressure, relating them to the corrosion resistance of the alloy. For this, saline fog tests and analyzes were performed by scanning electron microscopy, microhardness tests and electrochemical corrosion tests. The Zamac 5 injected under pressure presented non-uniform corrosion in distinct regions of the part when subjected to the aggressive atmosphere. The results also showed that this fact is associated with porosity defects from the alloy manufacturing process. The microhardness of the alloy was also associated with defects from the manufacturing process. Finally, it was evidenced that the electrochemical behavior of the alloy is little influenced by the presence of the defects.

Ionic liquids (ILs) physical immobilization in solid materials is a key strategy for developing efficient and low cost CO2 capture processes. In this work, two porous commercial substrates with different characteristics (silica and alumina) were impregnated with ILs by physical wet method. Imidazolium based IL combined with [Br]- and [Tf2N]- anions were used in impregnation process. CO2 sorption capacity and selectivity (CO2/N2) of these materials were investigated. The best results regarding CO2/N2 selectivity and CO2 sorption were obtained with [Tf2N]- anion. In relation to solid support, commercial alumina exhibited enhanced CO2 uptake and higher selective capacity (CO2/N2) (6.1 (± 0.1)). Combination of commercial alumina as support and 20 wt% of mbmim [Tf2N] resulted in higher CO2/N2 selectivity of 9.5 ± 1.0. In addition, this material also showed fast sorption kinetics when compared to pure IL besides reuse capacity.

The study of environmentally friendly CO2 sorption agents are growing due to the need of mitigate this gas from atmosphere. Ionic Liquids (ILs) present the advantage of having low vapor pressures and being chemically and thermally stable. Besides, their properties can be designed by varying the groups of the cation or anion. Yet, these compounds present a lower desorption energy when compared to amines based chemical solvents. These characteristics make ILs potentially important for the development of new processes focused on the mitigation of global warming. However, ILs have high viscosity and high cost, making them economically unfeasible. To minimize these problems, bubble glass can be used as an additive in ionic liquids to reduce cost and viscosity. Bubble glass has several applications in industry, presenting low cost and high chemical and mechanical resistance. This work evaluated the CO2 solubility in [bmim][BF4] and [mbmim][Tf2N] pure and mixed with boron silicate bubble glass in volumetric concentrations of 5% to 50%. Data are reported at 27 bar of pressure and temperatures of 303 and 323 K. Mixed systems with 50% concentration of bubble glass showed the best sorption results for both ionic liquids.

Embora tecnologias de captura e armazenamento de carbono (CCS) estejam recebendo grande atenção para a mitigação do efeito estufa, ainda existem muitas desvantagens, tais como o aumento dos custos e gastos de energia associados à sua implementação. No entanto, o uso de CO2 como bloco de construção C1 em síntese orgânica pode ser muito atraente para o desenho de processos ecológicos. Neste trabalho, foram estudados a sorção de CO2 e atividades catalíticas de alguns líquidos iônicos (ILs) base imidazólio para síntese de carbonato cíclico. O trabalho demonstra que a presença de um grupo nucleófilo no sistema catalítico pode melhorar seu desempenho, através da utilização de um IL com ânion halogenado ou por mistura de co-catalisador halogenado com ILs. A última abordagem permitiu a obtenção de um sistema de captura de CO2 eficaz, constituída por IL fluorado mais ZnBr2 que realiza a síntese de carbonato cíclico com 90% de rendimento e 82% de seletividade.

Although the carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are receiving great attention for mitigation of greenhouse gas effect, the increasing costs and energy penalties associated to its implementation are still major drawbacks. However, the use of CO2 as a C1 building block in organic synthesis can be very attractive for the design of environmentally friendly processes. In this work, we have studied both the CO2 sorption and catalytic activities of some imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) for cyclic carbonate synthesis. The work demonstrates that the presence of a nucleophilic group in the catalytic system can enhance its performance by the use of an IL with a halide anion or by mixing a halide co-catalyst with ILs. The latter approach allowed to obtain an effective system for CO2 capture constituted by a fluorinated IL plus ZnBr2 that performs cyclic carbonate synthesis with 90% yield and 82% of selectivity.