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[SciELO Preprints] - Boletim COVID-PA: Reports on artificial intelligence-based forecasting to the facing of pandemic COVID-19 in the state of Pará, Brazil
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Souza Jr., Gilberto Nerino de Braga, Marcus de Barros Rodrigues, Luana Lorena Silva Fernandes, Rafael da Silva Ramos, Rommel Thiago Jucá Carneiro, Adriana Ribeiro Brito, Silvana Rossy de Dolácio, Cícero Jorge Fonseca Tavares Jr., Ivaldo da Silva Noronha, Fernando Napoleão Pinheiro, Raphael Rodrigues Diniz, Hugo Alex Carneiro Botelho, Marcel do Nascimento Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário Rocha, Jonas Elias Castro da

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Data de publicação: 2021-08-11

Resumo: En Pt

Objective: Report the university research and extension product denominated ‘Boletim COVID-PA’ which presented projections about the pandemic in the State of Pará, Brazil, with practical, mathematically rigorous and computationally efficient approaches. Methods: The artificial intelligence technique known as Artificial Neural Networks was used to generate thirteen bulletins with short-term projections based on historical data from the State Department of Public Health system. Results: After eight months of projections, the technique generated reliable results with an average accuracy of 97% (147 days observed) for confirmed cases, 96% (161 observed days) for deaths and 86% (72 days observed) for occupancy of intensive care unit beds. Conclusion: These bulletins have become a useful tool for decision making by public managers, assisting in reallocating hospital resources and optimizing COVID-19 control strategies for the various regions of the State of Pará.

Objetivo: Relatar o produto de pesquisa e extensão universitária denominado Boletim COVID-PA, que apresentou projeções sobre o comportamento da pandemia no estado do Pará, Brasil. Métodos: Utilizou-se da técnica de inteligência artificial conhecida como ‘redes neurais artificiais’, para gerar 13 boletins com projeções de curto prazo baseadas nos dados históricos do sistema da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública. Resultados: Após oito meses de projeções, a técnica gerou resultados confiáveis, com precisão média de 97% (147 dias observados) para casos confirmados, 96% (161 dias observados) para óbitos e 86% (72 dias observados) para ocupação de leitos de unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: Esses boletins tornaram-se um instrumento útil para a tomada de decisão de gestores públicos, auxiliando na realocação de recursos hospitalares e otimização das estratégias de controle da COVID-19 nas diversas regiões do estado do Pará.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-49742021000400012

HTLV-2 infection in Manaus, Brazil: first description of HTLV-2c subtype in an urban area of the Western Amazon region
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Pontes, Gemilson Soares

; Ribeiro, Hygor Halyson Figueiredo

; Toro, Diana Mota

; Moura Neto, José Pereira de

; Souza, Victor

; Almeida, Maria Edilene Martins de

; Nascimento, Valdinete Alves do

; Costa, Cristovão Alves da

; Naveca, Felipe Gomes

; Santos, Mike

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2021, Volume 54 elocation e20200066

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We investigated the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) infection in patients with hematological diseases from the western Amazon region of Brazil. METHODS: Samples from 306 patients were submitted for the molecular diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection by real time PCR (qPCR), with amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) region. RESULTS: A 29-year-old male carrier of sickle cell anemia with a history of multiple blood transfusions was diagnosed with the HTLV-2c subtype. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the first known occurrence of HTLV-2c in the urban area of Brazil’s western Amazon region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0066-2020 775 downloads

Boletim COVID-PA: relatos sobre projeções baseadas em inteligência artificial no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no estado do Pará
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Souza Jr., Gilberto Nerino de

; Braga, Marcus de Barros

; Rodrigues, Luana Lorena Silva

; Fernandes, Rafael da Silva

; Ramos, Rommel Thiago Jucá

; Carneiro, Adriana Ribeiro

; Brito, Silvana Rossy de

; Dolácio, Cícero Jorge Fonseca

; Tavares Jr., Ivaldo da Silva

; Noronha, Fernando Napoleão

; Pinheiro, Raphael Rodrigues

; Diniz, Hugo Alex Carneiro

; Botelho, Marcel do Nascimento

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

; Rocha, Jonas Elias Castro da

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2021, Volume 30 Nº 4 elocation e2021098

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Objetivo: Relatar o produto de pesquisa e extensão universitária denominado Boletim COVID-PA, que apresentou projeções sobre o comportamento da pandemia no estado do Pará, Brasil. Métodos: Utilizou-se da técnica de inteligência artificial conhecida como ‘redes neurais artificiais’, para geração de 13 boletins com projeções de curto prazo baseadas nos dados históricos do sistema da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública. Resultados: Após oito meses de projeções, a técnica gerou resultados confiáveis, com precisão média de 97% (147 dias observados) para casos confirmados, 96% (161 dias observados) para óbitos e 86% (72 dias observados) para ocupação de leitos de unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: Esses boletins tornaram-se um instrumento útil para a tomada de decisão de gestores públicos, auxiliando na realocação de recursos hospitalares e otimização das estratégias de controle da COVID-19 nas diversas regiões do estado do Pará.

Abstract Objective: To report the university extension research result entitled ‘The COVID-PA Bulletin’, which presented forecasts on the behavior of the pandemic in the state of Pará, Brazil. Methods: The artificial intelligence technique also known as 'artificial neural networks' was used to generate 13 bulletins with short-term forecasts based on historical data from the State Department of Public Health information system. Results: After eight months of predictions, the technique generated reliable results, with an average accuracy of 97% (observed for147 days) for confirmed cases, 96% (observed for 161 days) for deaths and 86% (observed for 72 days) for Intensive Care Unit bed occupancy. Conclusion: These bulletins have become a useful decision-making tool for public managers, assisting in the reallocation of hospital resources and optimization of COVID-19 control strategies in various regions of the state of Pará.

Resumen Objetivo: Reporte el resultado de la investigación y extensión universitaria denominada ‘Boletim COVID-PA’ que presentó proyecciones sobre el comportamiento de la pandemia en el estado de Pará, con un enfoque práctico y computacionalmente eficiente. Métodos: Fue utilizada una técnica de inteligencia artificial denominadas Redes Neurales para generar trece boletines con proyecciones basado en datos históricos del sistema de la Secretaría de Salud Pública. Resultados: Después de ocho meses de previsiones, la técnica genero resultados confiables con una precisión promedio de 97% (147 días observados) para casos confirmados, 96% (161 días observados) para los fallecimientos y 86% (72 días observados) para la ocupación de camas en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: Estos boletines se convirtieron en una herramienta para la toma de decisiones, auxiliando en la redistribución de recursos en los hospitales en el estado de Pará.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-49742021000400012 92 downloads

Boletim COVID-PA: relatos sobre projeções baseadas em inteligência artificial no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no estado do Pará
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Souza Jr., Gilberto Nerino de

; Braga, Marcus de Barros

; Rodrigues, Luana Lorena Silva

; Fernandes, Rafael da Silva

; Ramos, Rommel Thiago Jucá

; Carneiro, Adriana Ribeiro

; Brito, Silvana Rossy de

; Dolácio, Cícero Jorge Fonseca

; Tavares Jr., Ivaldo da Silva

; Noronha, Fernando Napoleão

; Pinheiro, Raphael Rodrigues

; Diniz, Hugo Alex Carneiro

; Botelho, Marcel do Nascimento

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

; Rocha, Jonas Elias Castro da

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2021, Volume 30 Nº 4 elocation e2021098

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-49742021000400012

Pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection and progression biomarkers: An overview
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Brites, Carlos

; Grassi, Maria Fernanda

; Quaresma, Juarez Antônio Simões

; Ishak, Ricardo

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2021, Volume 25 Nº 3 elocation 101594

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) occurs in lymphocytes, which travel throughout the body, thus affecting several target organs and causing varied clinical outcomes, particularly in populations that are underserved and do not have access to healthcare. However, the mechanism of pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. The TAX and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) proteins maintain viral persistence and affect pathogenesis through cell proliferation and immune and inflammatory responses that accompany each clinical manifestation. TAX expression leads to inhibition of transcription error control, OX40 overexpression, and cell proliferation in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). OX40 levels are elevated in the central nervous system (CNS), and the expression of TAX in the CNS causes neuronal damage and loss of immune reactivity among patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). HBZ reduces viral replication and suppresses the immune response. Its cell compartmentalization has been associated with the pathogenesis of HAM (cytoplasmic localization) and ATL (nuclear localization). TAX and HBZ seem to act antagonistically in immune responses, affecting the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection. The progression from HTLV-1 infection to disease is a consequence of HTLV-1 replication in CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes and the imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The compartmentalization of HBZ suggests that this protein may be an additional tool for assessing immune and inflammatory responses, in addition to those already recognized as potential biomarkers associated with progression from infection to disease (including human leukocyte antigen (HLA), killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-28, Fas, Fas ligand, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and mannose-binding lectin).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101594 42 downloads

Limitations in daily activities, risk awareness, social participation, and pain in patients with HTLV-1 using the SALSA and Participation scales
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Aben-Athar, Cintia Yolette Urbano Pauxis

; Pinto, Denise da Silva

; Lima, Sandra Souza

; Vallinoto, Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres

; Ishak, Ricardo

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Dez 2020, Volume 24 Nº 6 Páginas 497 - 504

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) may prevent, limit or restrict the performance of daily living activities, and as a consequence, several aspects of life are affected. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate activity limitations, risk awareness, social participation, quality of life, and pain in individuals infected with HTLV-1. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. An interview questionnaire, the Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale, the Participation scale, a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) and the Brief Pain Inventory were used. Results: A total of 55 patients with HTLV-1 were interviewed (62% asymptomatic and 38% symptomatic). In both groups, there was a higher frequency of patients aged 41-50 years old (35.3% asymptomatic and 38.1% symptomatic), with complete secondary education (47.1% asymptomatic and 42.9% symptomatic), and married (64.7% asymptomatic and 52.4% symptomatic). Of the symptomatic patients, 33.3% were retired; among asymptomatic patients, 20.6% performed domestic activities. The majority of patients in both groups had not received blood transfusions. Sexual intercourse was still practiced by patients. After assessment, asymptomatic patients had no activity limitations (64.7%), and symptomatic patients presented limitations (90.5%). None of the groups showed good risk awareness. There was no restriction on social participation in 97.1% of asymptomatic patients and in 52.4% among symptomatics. Both groups complained of pain, being more frequent in the lumbar spine in asymptomatic patients and in the knees in symptomatic patients. Pain was more severe in symptomatic patients and affected aspects of quality of life. Conclusion: The clinical follow-up instruments must be adopted by healthcare professionals to monitor new symptoms so as to avoid the onset of limitations identified in symptomatic patients, in addition to enabling continuous surveillance of asymptomatic patients.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2020.08.009 308 downloads

Hepatitis C virus genotypes and associated risk factors in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil
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Castro, Geison Luiz Costa de

; Amoras, Ednelza da Graça Silva

; Araújo, Mauro Sérgio Moura de

; Conde, Simone Regina Souza da Silva

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos R.

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Ago 2020, Volume 24 Nº 4 Páginas 304 - 309

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Despite the emergence of more effective therapies, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a serious public health problem at the global level. Currently, this virus is classified into seven genotypes and 67 subgenotypes, which in turn are distributed heterogeneously in Brazil and worldwide. Studies have shown that this genetic divergence results in differences in the progression of chronic disease associated with HCV infection and its treatment. Objective The aim of this study was to report the frequency of HCV genotypes in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil, and to assess the association between genotype and different clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as risk factors for infection. Method Data from 85 medical records of untreated patients who had chronic hepatitis C infection were analyzed; the patients were evaluated at two hospitals in Belem, Pará, Brazil. Results Circulation of genotypes 1 and 3 was detected, with a higher prevalence of genotype 1 (75.3%) than genotype 3 (24.7%). In addition, there was a predominance of subgenotype 1b (60.34%) compared to 1a (20.69%) and 3a (18.97%). Reuse of needles and/or glass syringes was significantly associated with infection by HCV genotype 1 than genotype 3; however, the small number of patients infected with genotype 3 may have biased the results. No associations between genotype and the evaluated clinical and laboratory characteristics were observed. Conclusion This study reinforces the differences in the distribution of HCV genotypes in Brazil and showed no association between HCV genotype and progression of chronic hepatitis C in the studied group.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2020.06.010 390 downloads

Increasing awareness of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 infection: a serious, invisible, and neglected health problem in Brazil
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Puccioni-Sohler, Marzia

; Grassi, Maria Fernanda Rios

; Galvão-Castro, Bernardo

; Caterino, Adele

; Proietti, Anna Bárbara de Freitas Carneiro

; Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo

; Galvão-Castro, Ana Verena

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos

; Paiva, Arthur

; Penalva, Augusto

; Rosadas, Carolina

; Miyashiro, Denis

; Barbosa, Edel Figueiredo

; Carvalho, Edgar Marcelino de

; Batista, Everton da Silva

; Smid, Jerusa

; Casseb, Jorge

; Vidal, Jose

; Sousa, Maisa Silva

; Viana, Maria Graça de Castro

; Bastos, Michele de Souza

; Lírio, Monique

; Boa-Sorte, Ney

; Ferreira Jr, Orlando C.

; Takayanagui, Osvaldo

; Moura, Patrícia

; Rocco, Regina

; Cunha, Rodrigo Guimaraes

; Haddad, Simone Kashima

; Assone, Tatiane

; Araújo, Thessika Hialla Almeida

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2019, Volume 52 elocation e20190343

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0343-2019 953 downloads

Influence of exposure and vertical transmission of HIV-1 on the neuropsychomotor development in children
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Pamplona, Mônica Custódia do Couto Abreu

; Chaves, Emanuele Cordeiro

; Carvalho, Alôma Cecília

; Pamplona, Rúdrissa do Couto Abreu

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

; Queiroz, Maria Alice Freitas

; Lima, Sandra Souza

; Ishak, Ricardo

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2019, Volume 52 elocation e-20180263

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 during pregnancy is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental delay and deleterious effects in children. However, limited information about these conditions exists in poor geographical areas in Brazil. Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 is dealt differently in different regions of the country and in poorer areas it is more difficult to evaluate the impact of the prevention methods. The outcomes of the exposure to HIV-1 and the impact of vertical HIV-1 transmission on neuropsychomotor development was evaluated for the first time in children born to HIV-infected mothers in the North region of Brazil, where the majority of the population has poor access to health services. METHODS: Sixty children born to HIV-1-infected mothers (case group) and 58 born to non-infected mothers (control group) were followed for the first 12 months of life in a prospective case-control study. Neuropsychomotor development was assessed using the Denver II test. RESULTS: Suspected neuropsychomotor developmental delays were more frequent in the case group (33.3%), namely in language (38.9%) and gross motor skills (27.8%). These delays were reversed in most children after 12 months of life due to therapeutic intervention. The delays were not reversed in three children, all of whom belonged to the case group. Only one of these was infected with HIV-1, and this child had the poorest neuropsychomotor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal HIV-1 infection negatively affected the neuropsychomotor development in children, although other factors may have played a role.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0263-2018 2413 downloads

10.

Association of serum levels of C-reactive protein with CRP-717 T/C polymorphism and viremia in HCV and HBV carriers
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Moura, Tuane Carolina Ferreira

; Amoras, Ednelza da Silva Graça

; Queiroz, Maria Alice Freitas

; Conde, Simone Regina Souza da Silva

; Grisólia, Alan Barroso Araújo

; Ishak, Ricardo

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2019, Volume 52 elocation e20180455

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The present study investigated the association of the rs2794521 polymorphism in the CRP gene in individuals with chronic hepatitis B and C, correlating it with markers of hepatic inflammation, fibrosis scores, viral load, and plasma protein levels. METHODS: The study analyzed 185 blood samples obtained from patients with hepatitis B (n=74) and hepatitis C (n=111) and 300 samples from healthy donors. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels were quantified using the automated immunoturbidimetric method. RESULTS: The TT genotype was the most frequent in all studied groups and was associated with higher plasma levels of the protein but not with the progression of liver disease. Low levels of C-reactive protein were associated with increased viremia and scores indicative of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: The present results demonstrated a close relationship between the ability of the virus to replicate and cause liver damage and low serum concentrations of C-reactive protein. Future research may determine if these results can be interpreted as a possible form of escape for the virus by decreasing its action as an opsonin and decreasing phagocytosis, which are functions of C-reactive protein in the immune response.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0455-2018 2019 downloads

11.

Assessment of the sensory and physical limitations imposed by leprosy in a Brazilian Amazon Population
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Aben-Athar, Cintia Yolette Urbano Pauxis

; Lima, Sandra Souza

; Ishak, Ricardo

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Mar 2017, Volume 50 Nº 2 Páginas 223 - 228

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION Leprosy often results in sensory and physical limitations. This study aimed to evaluate these limitations using a quantitative approach in leprosy patients in Belém (Pará, Brazil). METHODS This epidemiological, cross-sectional study measured the sensory impairment of smell and taste through the use of a questionnaire and evaluated activity limitations of daily life imposed by leprosy through the Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) Scale. Data were collected from 84 patients and associations between the degree of disability and clinical and epidemiological characteristics were assessed. RESULTS The majority of patients were men (64.3%), married (52.4%), age 31-40 years old (26.2%), had primary education (50%), and were independent laborers (36.9%). The multibacillary operational classification (81%), borderline clinical form (57.1%), and 0 degrees of physical disability (41.7%) were predominant. SALSA scores ranged from 17 to 59 points, and being without limitations was predominant (53.6%). The risk awareness score ranged from 0 to 8, with a score of 0 (no awareness of risk) being the most common (56%). Evaluation of smell and taste sensory sensitivities revealed that 70.2% did not experience these sensory changes. Patients with leprosy reactions were 7 times more likely to develop activity limitations, and those who had physical disabilities were approximately four times more likely to develop a clinical picture of activity limitations. CONCLUSIONS Most patients showed no sensory changes, but patients with leprosy reactions were significantly more likely to develop activity limitations. Finally, further studies should be performed, assessing a higher number of patients to confirm the present results.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0493-2016 1803 downloads

12.

JC virus/human immunodeficiency virus 1 co-infection in the Brazilian Amazonian region
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Cayres-Vallinoto, Izaura Maria Vieira

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

; Pena, Giselle Priscila dos Anjos

; Azevedo, Vânia Nakauth

; Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida

; Ishak, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães

; Ishak, Ricardo

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Ago 2016, Volume 20 Nº 4 Páginas 360 - 364

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract JC virus (JCV) is a member of the Polyomaviridae family and is associated to a severe disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML, which is gradually increasing in incidence as an opportunistic infection among AIDS patients. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of JCV among HIV-1 carriers including their types and molecular subtypes and the possible association with disease. Urine samples from 66 HIV-1 infected subjects were investigated for the presence of the virus by amplifying VP1 (215 bp) and IG (610 bp) regions using the polymerase chain reaction. JCV was detected in 32% of the samples. The results confirmed the occurrence of type B (subtype Af2); in addition, another polyomavirus, BKV, was also detected in 1.5% of samples of the HIV-1 infected subjects. Apparently, there was no significant difference between mono- (HIV-1 only) and co-infected (HIV-1/JCV) subjects regarding their TCD4+/TCD8+ lymphocyte counts or HIV-1 plasma viral load. Self admitted seizures, hearing and visual loses were not significantly different between the two groups.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2016.05.005 779 downloads

13.

Chlamydia trachomatis serotype A infections in the Amazon region of Brazil: prevalence, entry and dissemination
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Ishak, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães

; Costa, Maurimélia Mesquita

; Almeida, Núbia Caroline Costa de

; Santiago, Angélica Menezes

; Brito, William Botelho de

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

; Azevedo, Vânia Nakauth

; Ishak, Ricardo

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Abr 2015, Volume 48 Nº 2 Páginas 170 - 174

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

INTRODUCTION: Chlamydia infection is associated with debilitating human diseases including trachoma, pneumonia, coronary heart disease and urogenital diseases. Serotypes of C. trachomatis show a fair correlation with the group of diseases they cause, and their distribution follows a well-described geographic pattern. Serotype A, a trachoma-associated strain, is known for its limited dissemination in the Middle East and Northern Africa. However, knowledge on the spread of bacteria from the genus Chlamydia as well as the distribution of serotypes in Brazil is quite limited. METHODS: Blood samples of 1,710 individuals from ten human population groups in the Amazon region of Brazil were examined for antibodies to Chlamydia using indirect immunofluorescence and microimmunofluorescence assays. RESULTS: The prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia ranged from 23.9% (Wayana-Apalai) to 90.7% (Awa-Guaja) with a mean prevalence of 50.2%. Seroreactivity was detected to C. pneumoniae and to all serotypes of C. trachomatis tested; furthermore, we report clear evidence of the as-yet-undescribed occurrence of serotype A of C. trachomatis. CONCLUSIONS: Specific seroreactivity not only accounts for the large extent of dissemination of C. trachomatis in the Amazon region of Brazil but also shows an expanded area of occurrence of serotype A outside the epidemiological settings previously described. Furthermore, these data suggest possible routes of Chlamydia introduction into the Amazon region from the massive human migration that occurred during the 1,700s.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0038-2015 2924 downloads

14.

Toll-like receptor 3 gene polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection
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Sá, Keyla Santos Guedes de

; Pires-Neto, Orlando de Souza

; Santana, Barbara Brasil

; Gomes, Samara Tatielle Monteiro

; Amoras, Ednelza da Silva Graça

; Conde, Simone Regina da Silva

; Demachki, Sâmia

; Azevedo, Vânia Nakauth

; Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida

; Martins-Feitosa, Rosimar Neris

; Ishak, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães

; Ishak, Ricardo

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Abr 2015, Volume 48 Nº 2 Páginas 136 - 142

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

INTRODUCTION: The present study investigated the prevalence of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS: Samples collected from HCV (n = 74) and HBV (n = 35) carriers were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect the presence of the SNPs rs5743305 and rs3775291 in TLR3 and to measure the following biomarkers: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and prothrombin time (PT). A healthy control group was investigated and consisted of 299 HCV- and HBV-seronegative individuals. RESULTS: No significant differences in allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were observed between the investigated groups, and no association was observed between the polymorphisms and histopathological results. Nevertheless, genotypes TA/AA (rs5743305) and GG (rs3775291) appear to be associated with higher levels of ALT (p<0.01), AST (p<0.05) and PT (p<0.05). In addition, genotypes TT (rs5743305; p<0.05) and GG (rs3775291; p<0.05) were associated with higher GGT levels. CONCLUSIONS: This genetic analysis revealed the absence of an association between the polymorphisms investigated and susceptibility to HBV and HCV infection; however, these polymorphisms might be associated with a greater degree of biliary damage during the course of HCV infection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0008-2015 2413 downloads

15.

Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV-1 patients
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Menezes, Tatiany Oliveira de Alencar

; Rodrigues, Marília Corrêa

; Nogueira, Brenna Magdalena Lima

; Menezes, Sílvio Augusto Fernandes de

; Silva, Sílvia Helena Marques da

; Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Fev 2015, Volume 48 Nº 1 Páginas 83 - 86

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the most frequent oral and systemic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive patients. METHODS: The study was conducted on 300 HIV-1 patients attending the Reference Unit Specialized in Special Infectious Parasitic Diseases in Belém, Pará, Brazil. RESULTS: The most prevalent oral conditions were caries (32.6%), candidiasis (32%), and periodontal disease (17%). Among the systemic manifestations, hepatitis (29.2%), gastritis (16%), arterial hypertension (14.7%), and tuberculosis (12%) were the most commonly observed. CONCLUSIONS: We here reported on the most prevalent oral and systemic conditions in HIV-1-positive patients. The healthcare professional's knowledge of the various manifestations among these patients is fundamental to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment, and for improving the quality of life of these patients.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0179-2014 5294 downloads

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