ABSTRACT We tested a new type of wind-transported particle collector (multidirectional traps, MDt) in southeast Spain to forecast particle movement in three different soil types. The MDt collectors are easy to manufacture from thermoplastic filaments with an industrial 3D printer. The collectors tested were very efficient. Our research was carried out on unplowed Calcisols and on orange and olive-cropped Fluvisols and Luvisols, respectively. The results from the logs of nine vaned masts, each with four MDt collectors at different heights, on Calcisols, Fluvisols and Luvisols were compared with the wind erodible fraction of these soils (EF) empirically estimated and with their erosion rates calculated in a wind tunnel of our own design with a built-in laser scanner. These new collectors can differentiate the collected sediments by their direction of origin and arranged in a network of masts, enabling to distinguish overall particle loss or deposition, which is not detectable with the wind tunnel due to the work scale and no windward deposits, as it is a closed device. Comparison of the calculated EF and the total mass of transported particles recorded by the MDt collectors showed very good correlation (R2 = 0.9144) with an even better relationship between the results of the wind tunnel and collectors (R2 = 0.9741). Required precision, financing, and execution time are important in determining the use of the device. We conclude that this device shows good potential.

Desde la década de 1990 los cultivos de clavel en la Sabana de Bogotá se realizan en sustratos diferentes al suelo. El sustrato más utilizado es la cascarilla de arroz tostada pero, por la contaminación ambiental que genera su quemado, el riesgo de escasez y el aumento en su costo; se están buscando alternativas. En este artículo se compararon cuatro materiales que podrían servir como sustratos alternativos a la cascarilla de arroz tostada: cascarilla de arroz cruda y esterilizada, fibra de coco y escorias de carbón. Se determinaron, a lo largo de un año de cultivo, las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los sustratos, la productividad de las plantas, el peso de ramos, el análisis de tejido vegetal y el porcentaje de plantas muertas por Fusarium oxysporum. Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas entre los materiales evaluados lo que sugiere diferencias en el manejo durante el cultivo. El sustrato que presentó mayor productividad fue la fibra de coco, seguido de la cascarilla de arroz tostada, aunque no se encontraron diferencias en cuanto al peso de los ramos. La incidencia de Fusarium originó una mayor mortalidad de las plantas cultivadas sobre cascarilla de arroz cruda, seguido de la cascarilla de arroz tostada, aunque esta sigue constituyendo una alternativa sanitaria y de productividad viable para la producción de miniclavel, los resultados muestran ventajas en algunos materiales estudiados y que se podrían mejorar las características si se realizan mezclas adecuadas de los mismos, pero debe continuarse en la búsqueda de sustratos alternativos para este importante cultivo.

Since 1990, carnation crops have been carried out on substrates other than soil on Bogotá Plateau. Usually, burnt rice husk is the most widely used substrate but environmental pollution due to burning, availability and raised costs are reasons to seek alternatives. This article compares four substrates that could be used as an alternative to burnt rice husk: raw rice husk, sterilized raw husk, coconut fiber and coal slag. Physicochemical characteristics of the substrates, productivity of the crops, bunch weight, macro and micronutrient foliar content and percentage of dead plants due to Fusariun oxyxporum were determined over one year. The data show significant differences between the assessed substrates, which means that management is different. Coconut fiber obtained the highest productivity followed by burnt rice husk. Fusarium wilt had a higher incidence in plants grown in raw rice husk, followed by burnt rice husk. Although burnt rice husk is still an alternative for mini carnation crops, the data show advantages in some of the studied materials that could improve results if suitable mixtures of these materials are used, however the search for alternative substrates for this crop should continue.