Abstract This study evaluated chemical composition, in situ dry matter degradability (DMD), energy utilization, and amino acid profile of the sandbox seed meal (SSM) obtained from ground seeds of Hura crepitans trees. Two cannulated male Blackbelly sheep (initial weight of 40 kg) were fed a balanced feed ad libitum for 21 days; rumen samples of animals were collected for seven days using the nylon bag technique for degradability. The results were interpreted in reference to incubation times from 0 to 72 h, evaluating degradation kinetics with an exponential model. The SSM showed crude protein and dry matter contents of 251.1 and 931.7 g/kg, respectively. The highest DMD value was recorded from 0 to 3 h with a change rate of 41%, and the energy contained in SSM had a gradual ruminal disappearance with a maximum value of energy utilization of 14.6% after 72 h post-incubation. The most representative amino acids of SSM were glutamic (16.9%), arginine (13.0%), and aspartic (9.7%) acids. The results suggest that SSM has adequate nutritional quality and ruminal DMD for ovine feeding systems.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a frequência demalformaçães e anomalias cromossômicas em uma população de fetos com artéria subclávia direita aberrante (ARSA). Métodos Este é um estudo retrospectivo de 6 anos de fetos com diagnóstico prénatal de ARSA realizado durante o período de setembro de 2013 a junho de 2019 em uma unidade de medicina fetal. Os dados foram coletados de ultrassom, ecocardiograma fetal, estudos genéticos e registros neonatais. Resultados Um ARSA foi diagnosticado em 22 fetos. Um ARSA foi um achado isolado em 18 dos 22 casos (82%). Achados ultrassonográficos anormais associados foram encontrados em 4 casos. Todos os casos foram submetidos a testes invasivos. Em um dos casos, foi detectada uma anormalidade cromossômica (mos 45, X [13] / 46, X, e (X) (p22.1q22.1)). Nenhum caso de doença cardíaca congênita foi encontrado em qualquer um desses fetos. Houve dois casos em que a avaliação pós-natal revelou a malformação: um caso de hipospádia e 1 caso de fenda palatina. Conclusão A presença de ARSA isolado é benigna e não está associada a anormalidades cromossômicas. O achado de ARSA, no entanto, justifica uma ultrassonografia fetal detalhada para excluir anormalidades fetais importantes e outros marcadores leves.

Abstract Objective The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of malformations and chromosomal abnormalities in a population of fetuses with an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). Methods This is a 6-year retrospective study of fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of ARSA conducted during the period between September 2013 and June 2019 at a fetal medicine unit. Data were collected from ultrasound, fetal echocardiograms, genetic studies, and neonatal records. Results An ARSA was diagnosed in 22 fetuses. An ARSA was an isolated finding in 18 out of 22 cases (82%). Associated abnormal sonographic findings were found in 4 cases. All cases underwent invasive testing. In 1 of the cases, a chromosomal abnormality was detected (mos 45,X [13]/46,X,e(X) (p22.1q22.1)). No cases of congenital heart disease were found in any of these fetuses. There were two cases in which the postnatal evaluation revealed amalformation: one case of hypospadias and 1 case of cleft palate. Conclusion The presence of an isolated ARSA is benign and is not associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The finding of ARSA, however, warrants a detailed fetal ultrasound in order to exclude major fetal abnormalities and other soft markers.

Abstract Propolis and oregano oil are natural substances used in various food industry applications. An evaluation was done of the effects of oregano oil (A) and propolis (P) on production parameters, leukocytes, blood chemistry and meat antioxidant stability in broilers. Animals (n= 480) were randomly allocated to four treatments with four replicates of 30 animals each. Four additive levels (mg/k feed) were tested: C (control)= 0; P= 100 mg propolis; A= 100 mg oregano oil; and AP= 50 mg P + 50 mg A. At 42 d breast meat lipid oxidative stability was estimated based on malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The oregano oil contained 43.47% thymol and 29.16 % carvacrol, while the propolis contained 5.6 mg flavonoids, 840 µg phenols and 138 µg Trolox® equivalents (antioxidant stability) per gram. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and mortality were unaffected by the dietary additives. At 3 wk, blood eosinophil levels increased in treatment AP (P≤0.05), and at 6 wk triglycerides had increased in treatment A (P≤0.05). Meat lipid oxidative stability decreased in the AP treatment (P≤0.05). Neither oregano oil nor propolis improved production parameters, although they can stimulate immune response. When added to low-fat broiler diets they can increase blood triglycerides and in combination they compromise breast meat lipid oxidative stability.

Resumen Se estudió el efecto de propóleo (P) y aceite de orégano (A) sobre parámetros productivos, leucocitos, compuestos químicos en sangre y la estabilidad oxidativa de la carne de pechuga. Los pollos (n= 480) fueron distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones de 30 pollos. Se probaron cuatro niveles de aditivos: TES= 0, P= 100 mg de propóleos, A= 100 mg de aceite de orégano y AP= 50 mg de A + 50 mg de P por kilo de alimento. A los 42 días dos aves por repetición se sacrificaron y su pechuga se colectó para determinar su estabilidad oxidativa midiendo el malondialdehído (MDA). El aceite de orégano contenía 43.47 % de timol y 29.16 % de carvacrol, los propóleos 5.6 mg de flavonoides, 840 µg de fenoles y 138 µg equivalentes de Trolox® por gramo de propóleo. El consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia y mortalidad no aumentaron por efecto de los aditivos. En aves de tres semanas incrementaron los eosinófilos con AP (P≤0.05), en aves de seis semanas aumentaron los triglicéridos con A (P≤0.05) y la oxidación de las grasas fue mayor en carne de aves que recibieron AP (P≤0.05). En conclusión, el aceite de orégano y propóleos no aumentaron los parámetros productivos, pueden estimular la respuesta inmune, en dietas bajas en grasa aumentan los triglicéridos en sangre y su combinación afecta la estabilidad oxidativa de la carne de pechuga.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacement of sorghum grain (SG) with Guazuma ulmifolia fruit (GU) in lambs’ diets with alfalfa (AA) or maralfalfa (MA) on productive performance and digestibility. Four male Blackbelly sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 35 kg, with ruminal cannula, were used for the determination of in vivo, in vitro and in situ digestibility. Twenty Pelibuey male lambs with a mean initial BW of 15 ± 1.5 kg were used under a completely randomized design in the productive performance trial. The percentage composition of experimental diets were as follow: Diet 1: 55 of MA, 20 of GU and 8 of SG; Diet 2: 55 of MA, 8 of GU and 20 of SG; Diet 3: 55 of AA, 20 of GU and 8 of SG and Diet 4: 55 of AA, 8 of GU and 20 of SG. Moreover, all diets contain sugar cane molasses (5%), canola meal (9%) and mineral mix (3%). There were no effect (p > 0.05) of sorghum grain replacement on digestibility and productive performance. Nevertheless, these value were lower (p < 0.05) with MA inclusion in diets. In conclusion, the sorghum grain can be replaced by Guazuma ulmifolia fruit up to 20% of the diets with low and high levels of fiber without effect on dry matter digestibility and productive performance.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de sustituir el grano de sorgo (SG) con fruto de Guazuma ulmifolia (GU) en dietas para corderos a base de alfalfa (AA) o maralfalfa (MA) sobre la digestibilidad y el comportamiento productivo. Se utilizaron cuatro ovinos machos Blackbelly de 35 kg de peso promedio, con cánula ruminal para determinar la digestibilidad in vivo, in vitro e in situ de la materia seca. En la prueba de comportamiento productivo se utilizaron 20 corderos Pelibuey de 15 ± 1.5 kg de peso bajo un diseño completamente al azar. La composición porcentual de las dietas experimentales fue: dieta 1: 55 de MA, 20 de GU y 8 de SG; dieta 2: 55 de MA, 8 de GU y 20 de SG; dieta 3: 55 de AA, 20 de GU y 8 de SG y dieta 4: 55 de AA, 8 de GU y 20 de SG. Todas las dietas contenían melaza de caña de azúcar (5%), pasta de canola (9%) y mezcla de minerales (3%). La sustitución de SG por GU en la dieta no afectó la digestibilidad de la materia seca ni el comportamiento productivo de los ovinos (p > 0.05). Pero los valores de digestibilidad y comportamiento productivo fueron inferiores (p < 0.05) con la inclusión de MA en las dietas. El grano de sorgo puede ser sustituido hasta en un 20% por el fruto de Guazuma ulmifolia en dietas de corderos, con niveles altos y bajos de fibra, sin afectar la digestibilidad de la materia seca ni el comportamiento productivo.

Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the effect of replacing alfalfa (AA) with Tithonia diversifolia (TD) in sugar cane silage (SCS) based lamb diets, both with or without supplementation with rice polishings (RP), on in vitro digestibility, nitrogen retention and productive performance. The experimental diets (D) contained the following: D1) 68.6 % of SCS and 29.4 % of TD; D2) 63.7 % of SCS and 34.3 % of AA; D3) 46 % of SCS, 22.6 % of TD and 29.4 % of RP; and, D4) 44.1 % of SCS, 24.5 % of AA and 29.4 % of RP. Diets were isoproteinic and isocaloric. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were greater (P<0.05) with D2 compared to D1 and increased (P<0.05) with RP supplementation, with no difference between D3 and D4. Similarly, productive performance was not different (P>0.05) between diets containing TD or AA. Nevertheless, RP improved (P<0.01) dry matter intake, average daily gain and total body gain with both forages. In conclusion, in sugar cane silage based diets, the replacement of alfalfa with Tithonia diversifolia has no effect on DM digestibility, N retention or productive performance. Complementation with rice polishings improves DM digestibility, N retention and productive performance in animals fed forage rich diets such as those utilized in this study.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de reemplazo de la alfalfa (AA) con Tithonia diversifolia (TD) en dietas de corderos a base de ensilado de caña de azúcar (SCS), con o sin suplementación con pulidura de arroz (RP), sobre la digestibilidad in vitro, la retención de nitrógeno y el comportamiento productivo. Las dietas experimentales contenían lo siguiente: D1) 68.6 % de SCS y 29.4 % de TD; D2) 63.7 % de SCS y 34.3 % de AA; D3) 46 % de SCS, 22.6 % de TD y 29.4 % de RP; y, D4) 44.1 % de SCS, 24.5 % de AA y 29.4 % de RP. Las dietas fueron isoproteínicas e isocalóricas. La digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca y materia orgánica fue mayor (P<0.05) con D2 en comparación con D1 y aumentaron (P<0.05) con la suplementación con RP, sin diferencias entre D3 y D4. De manera similar, el comportamiento productivo no fue diferente (P>0.05) entre las dietas que contenían TD o AA. Sin embargo, RP mejoró (P<0.01) el consumo de la materia seca, la ganancia diaria y la ganancia total de peso con ambos forrajes. En conclusión, en dietas a base de ensilado de caña de azúcar, el reemplazo de alfalfa con Tithonia diversifolia no tiene efecto sobre la digestibilidad de la materia seca, la retención de N o el comportamiento productivo. La complementación con la pulidura de arroz mejora la digestibilidad de la materia seca, la retención de N y el comportamiento productivo de animales alimentados con dietas ricas en forraje, como las que se utilizaron en este estudio.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of DL-malic acid addition in Pelibuey finishing diet on average daily gain, carcass characteristics and non-carcass components. Sixteen (16) male lambs with a mean body weight of 27 ± 1.92 kg, were used in a 48-d feeding experiment. Animals were fed a high-energy diet containing corn stover, as the only forage source, with and without the DL-malic acid (MA) addition. Animals were assigned randomly in two treatments with eight lambs each: 1) Addition of 4 g of DL-malic acid per kg of feed and 2) Control (diet 1 without MA). Four male lambs of each treatment were harvested after feeding experiment to measure carcass characteristics and non-carcass components. Lambs fed with MA presented a larger (P<0.05) Longissimus lumborum muscle area. Nevertheless, there were no effects (P>0.05) of MA on daily average weight gain and non-carcass components weight. In conclusion, addition of 4 g DL-malic acid to a high-energy feed enhances muscle accretion, which improves carcass quality of finishing lambs.

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de DL-ácido málico en dietas de borregos Pelibuey en finalización sobre ganancia diaria de peso, características de la canal y componentes que no son parte de la canal. Se utilizaron 16 corderos machos de 27 ± 1.92 kg de peso vivo durante los 48 d de la prueba de alimentación. Los animales fueron alimentados con una dieta alta en energía que contenía rastrojo de maíz, como la única fuente de forraje, con y sin DL-ácido málico (MA). Los animales fueron asignados al azar a uno de los dos tratamientos con 8 borregos cada uno: 1) 4 g de MA por kilogramo de alimento y 2) Control (sin MA). Cuatro borregos de cada tratamiento fueron sacrificados, después de la prueba de alimentación, para medir las características de la canal y los componentes que no son parte de la canal. Los borregos alimentados con MA presentaron una mayor (P<0.05) área del musculo Longissimus lumborum. Sin embargo, no hubo efecto (P>0.05) del MA sobre la ganancia diaria de peso y peso de los componentes que no son parte de la canal. En conclusión, la adición de 4 g de DL-ácido málico, en alimento con alto contenido energético, promueve el crecimiento muscular lo que mejora la calidad de la canal de los borregos en finalización.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole yolk (WEY) and centrifuged yolk (CEY) and its interaction with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol, on the cryopreservation of drone semen. Six aliquots of semen were obtained, which were divided into four treatments: T1 (CEY+ glycerol), T2 (CEY + DMSO), T3 (WEY + glycerol) and T4 (WEY + DMSO). The diluted samples were evaluated after 10 minutes of incubation at 37 °C and after thawing. Motility was evaluated subjectively (scale 4 to 0), membrane integrity (Host test) and viability (IP/ SYBR-14). The results were analyzed with ANOVA. At the time of dilution, T1 was the highest percentage of motility, viability and integrity of the membrane presented (grade 4, 95.75% ± 1.20, 89.75% ± 0.42, respectively), after thawing the T2 was the highest percentage presented (grade 2, 59.10% ± 1.44, 84.35% ± 0.72, respectively). The results showed that T1 was the one that obtained the best sperm parameters at the time of dilution, while, after thawing, T2 was the diluent that best cryopreserved sperm samples from drone.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la yema de huevo entera (YHE) y centrifugada (YHC) y su interacción con dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) y glicerol, sobre la criopreservación del semen de zángano. Se obtuvieron seis alícuotas de semen, las que se dividieron en cuatro tratamientos: T1 (YHC + glicerol), T2 (YHC + DMSO), T3 (YHE + glicerol) y T4 (YHE + DMSO). Las muestras diluidas se evaluaron después de 10 minutos de incubación a 37 °C y pos descongelación. La motilidad se evaluó subjetivamente (escala 4 a 0), la integridad de la membrana (test de Host) y la viabilidad (IP/SYBR-14). Los resultados se analizaron con un ANDEVA. Al momento de la dilución, el T1 fue el que mayor porcentaje de motilidad, viabilidad e integridad de la membrana presentó (grado 4, 95.75% ± 1.20, 89.75% ± 0.42, respectivamente), pos-descongelación el T2 fue el que mayor porcentaje presento (grado 2, 59.10% ±1.44, 84.35% ±0.72, respectivamente). Los resultados demostraron que el T1 fue el que obtuvo los mejores parámetros espermáticos al momento de la dilución, mientras que, pos descongelación el T2 fue el diluyente que mejor criopreservó las muestras espermáticas de zángano.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate a possible corrective measure against negative metabolic states, as occurs in the advanced stage of gestation in ewes, and that sometimes produces a disease called pregnancy toxaemia. In the present research, we found that the joint administration of i.v. lysine-vasopressin (0.08 IU/kg body weight, BW) and an oral glucose solution (50 g) produces an increase in blood glucose, which persists for some time (up to 6 h); therefore, it could be used in the treatment of pregnancy toxaemia. This therapy is based on the fact that lysine-vasopressin induces gastric groove closure in adult ruminants, enabling orally administered glucose to reach the abomasum directly, from where it rapidly passes into the intestine and is immediately absorbed. We can say that the tested treatment causes a significant increase in blood glucose in ewes affected by toxaemia caused by fasting, which, although less marked than conventional therapy with intravenous drip glucose, remains longer, regularizing other parameters indicative of energy metabolism in fasting ewes.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Este artigo busca fazer referência a alguns aspectos do luto recente considerados fatores de risco para a doença cardiovascular, específicamente a cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo. Objetivou-se descrever o estresse proveniente da morte do ente querido aliando-o à possibilidade de ocorrência da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo, mediante a percepção de um evento traumático pelo córtex que aciona o circuito cerebral subcortical tendo repercussões na resposta endócrina. Dado o crescente reconhecimento dessa cardiomiopatia, torna-se viável contextualizar as condutas nutricionais e as decisões que as norteiam, cujos benefícios devem ultrapassar a condição de disfunção cardíaca temporária e se estender às escolhas alimentares que exercem alguma influência no sistema límbico. Trata-se de uma análise descritiva que objetiva problematizar a temática em reflexões pautadas nessa vivência, considerando o alicerce com a ciência da nutrição.

SUMMARY This article aims to make reference to some recent mourning aspects considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease, specifically the Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The objective was to describe the stress from the death of a loved one combining it to the possibility of occurrence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy through the perception of a traumatic event by the cortex, which triggers the subcortical brain circuit affecting the endocrine response. Given the growing acknowledgement of this cardiomyopathy, it is possible to contextualize the nutritional behaviours and decisions surrounding it, whose benefits must exceed the condition of temporary cardiac dysfunction and extend to food choices that have some influence in the limbic system. It is a descriptive analysis that aims to problematize the theme into reflections based on this experience, considering the foundation with the science of nutrition.

Abstract: Currently, there are four Varroa species identified worldwide, which present a high interspecific and intraspecific variability. The objective of this investigation was to identify the predominant species of Varroa and the effect of thymol on the plasticity of the mite. To determine the species and effect of thymol on the plasticity of the mite, 150 specimens from 65 hives and 54 from 17 beehives exposed to thymol for 28 days were morphometrically tested. According to the morphometric measurements, the mites were identified as Varroa destructor, there being no morphometric evidence of the infestation by other Varroa species. Mite populations differed among apiaries (P≤ 0.05), so that variables genital shield width (P=0.013), genital shield length (P=0.002) and genital shield width (P=0.026) were plus variants. We found 8 morphotypes, observing differences between the means of the genital shield length for thymol effect (P≤ 0.05). It is concluded that Varroa destructor exposed to thymol presents intraspecific morphometric variability for adaptation to the selection pressure imposed by the acaricide.

Resumen: Actualmente existen cuatro especies de Varroa identificadas en todo el mundo, las cuales presentan una alta variabilidad interespecífica e intraespecifica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la especie predominante de Varroa y el efecto del timol sobre la plasticidad del ácaro. Para determinar la especie y el efecto del timol sobre la plasticidad del ácaro se analizaron morfométricamente 150 especímenes de 65 colmenas y 54 de 17 colmenas expuestas a timol por 28 días. De acuerdo a las medidas morfométricas, los ácaros fueron identificados como Varroa destructor, no habiendo evidencia morfométrica de la infestación por otras especies del genero Varroa. Las poblaciones de ácaros difieren entre apiarios (P≤ 0.05), por lo que las variables ancho del escudo genital (P=0.013), largo del escudo genital (P=0.002) y ancho del escudo anal (P=0.026) fueron más variantes. Se encontraron 8 morfotipos, observándose diferencias entre las medias de largo del escudo genital por efecto del timol (P≤ 0.05). Se concluye que Varroa destructor expuesta al timol presenta una variabilidad morfométrica intraespecífica por la adaptación a la presión de selección impuesta por el acaricida.

Abstract: The physiological and physical quality of the grass seed Sporobolus aeroides, Bouteloua curtipendula, Briza minor, Bromus mollis, Chencrus ciliaris, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eragrostis curvula, Bouteloua gracilis, Setaria geniculata, Leptochloa filiformis, Bothriochloa perforata y Digitaria califórnica collected in Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, S. L. P, Mexico, in the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. The percentage of germination (PGER), dead seed (DS), seedling dry weight (SDW), seedling height (SH), analytical purity (AP), thousand seed weight (TSW) and volumetric weight (VW) were evaluated. The largest PGER was for Pega Ropa 2014 with 91.7%, and the minimum in Banderita 2014 with 23.2%. For DS Popotillo Plateado 2013 showed the highest percentage (9.5%). For SDW, Carretero grass 2014 presented the highest value with 0.6266 g for 20 seedlings. For SH, Punta Blanca grass 2014 presented the highest value with 15.25 mm. For AP for the year 2013 the Alcalino grass obtained a 100%, Plumilla 2013 presented 69.66%, in 2014 the Alcalino grass showed 100% and Buffel the lowest with 65%. For VW the Alcalino 2015 showed the highest value with 64.32 kg hl-1. It is concluded that the evaluation of the seeds showed variability in quality.

Resumen: Se evaluó la calidad fisiológica y física de la semilla de los pastos Sporobolus aeroides, Bouteloua curtipendula, Briza minor, Bromus mollis, Chencrus ciliaris, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eragrostis curvula, Bouteloua gracilis, Setaria geniculata, Leptochloa filiformis, Bothriochloa perforata y Digitaria califórnica, recolectados en Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, S. L. P., México, en los años 2013, 2014 y 2015. Se determinó el porcentaje de germinación (PGER), semilla muerta (SM), peso seco de plántula (PSP), altura de plántula (ALTP), pureza analítica (PA), peso de mil semillas (PMS) y peso volumétrico (PV). El mayor PGER fue para Pega Ropa 2014 con 91.7%, y la mínima en Banderita 2014 con 23.2%. Para SM Popotillo Plateado 2013 mostró el mayor porcentaje (9.5%). Para PSP el pasto Carretero 2014 presentó el mayor valor con 0.6266 g 20 pl-1. Para ALTP el pasto Punta Blanca 2014 presentó el mayor valor con 15.25 mm. Para PA para el año 2013 el zacate Alcalino obtuvo un 100%, Plumilla 2013 presentó 69.66%, en 2014 el pasto Alcalino mostró un 100% y Buffel el más bajo con un 65%. Para PV el Alcalino 2015 mostró el mayor valor con 64.32 kg hl-1. Se concluye que la evaluación de las semillas mostró variabilidad en calidad.

Abstract: The present work was carried out to determine the animals resistant to gastroenteric nematodes in Pelibuey sheep. 40 naturally infected ewes without deworming were sampled every 15 days for a year. The FAMACHA method was used to detect anemic animals when they were infested predominantly by Haemonchus contortus, blood samples were taken to make microhematocrit and stool samples to determine the existing parasites and the parasite load. The samples were processed in the Laboratories of Parasitology and Clinical Analysis of the Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine of the UAN. The values of hematocrit, parasite load, body condition and FAMACHA score were used to determine the resistance condition. It is concluded that the herd under study maintained a state of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes (70.5%) throughout the year. In addition, it was evidenced that during the seasons of the year, the herd showed more sensibility in summer and greater resistance in Autumn-Winter.

Resumen: El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo para determinar a los animales resistentes a nematodos gastroentéricos en ovinos de raza Pelibuey. Para ello se muestreó animales infectados naturalmente y sin desparasitar cada 15 días durante un año. Se utilizó el método FAMACHA como auxiliar para detectar animales anémicos cuando estos están infestados predominantemente por Haemonchus contortus, se tomaron muestras de sangre para realizar microhematocrito, muestras de heces para determinar los parásitos existentes y la carga parasitaria, además se estimó la condición corporal. Las muestras fueron procesadas en los laboratorios de Parasitología y de Análisis Clínicos de la Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria de la UAN. Los valores de hematocrito, carga parasitaria, condición corporal y lectura FAMACHA se utilizaron para determinar la condición de resistencia. Se concluye que el hato en estudio, mantuvo un estado de resistencia a los nematodos gastrointestinales (70.5%) durante todo el año. Además, se evidenció que el rebaño mostró más sensibilidad en verano y mayor resistencia en Otoño-Invierno.

Abstract: A study was carried out in The Mezquital, Villa de Arriga, San Luis Potosí, with the aim of evaluating the supplementation of the wet bagasse of brewery in substitution of corn grain and sorghum in the productivity in grazing.Twenty-three Rambouillet lambs, 12 females and 11 males weighing 25.5 kg, were used, under a completely randomized design with different number of replicates in four treatments; (T1) grazing; (T2) grazing + 500 g yellow maize DM; (T3) grazing + 500 g sorghum DM; and (T4) grazing + 500 g of WBB DM, feeding was based on pasture and crop residues. The supplement was supplied daily for 45 days. The DWG showed differences (P <0.05), where the highest values were for T2, T3 and T4 with 144, 133.3 and 138.8 g, respectively. However, T4 had the lowest supplement consumption (1.38% BWt) than the other treatments and the best economical benefice cost relationship (0.16). The wet bagasse of brewery allowed to reach DWG similar to those obtained with maize and sorghum; but at a lower cost, increasing the profitability of the system.

Resumen: Se realizó un estudio en El Mezquital, Villa de Arriaga, San Luis Potosí para evaluar la suplementación con bagazo húmedo de cervecería en substitución de grano de maíz y sorgo en la productividad de ovinos en pastoreo. Se utilizaron 23 corderos de la raza Rambouillet, 12 hembras y 11 machos con un peso promedio de 25.5 kg, bajo un diseño completamente al azar con diferente número de repeticiones en cuatro tratamientos; (T1) pastoreo; (T2) pastoreo + 500 g de MS de maíz amarillo; (T3) pastoreo + 500 g de MS de sorgo; y (T4) pastoreo + 500 g de MS de GHC., la alimentación se basó en pastizales y residuos de cosechas. El suplemento se suministró diariamente durante 45 días. La GDP mostró diferencias (P<0.05), donde los mayores valores fueron para T2, T3 y T4 con 144, 133.3 y 138.8 g, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el T4 tuvo un el menor consumo de suplemento (38%PV) con respecto a los otros tratamientos y la mejor relación beneficio costo (0.16). El bagazo húmedo de cervecería permitió alcanzar GDP similares a las obtenidas con maíz y sorgo; pero a menor costo, incrementando con esto la rentabilidad del sistema.

Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome affects 10-15% of monochorionic twin gestations. When left untreated, the perinatal mortality rates are above 90%. The surveillance of these pregnancies allows early detection of this syndrome to improve long-term outcomes. There are several forms of treatment but laser ablation is the first-line treatment in severe cases occurring before 26 weeks. In stage I the best management is not defined. The preterm birth influences negatively perinatal morbidity and mortality

ABSTRACT: Oregano additives could contain growth stimulating compounds for poultry, however, a great variation attributed to their main components is observed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oregano oil dietary supplementation on the productive variables, the height of the intestinal villi and the accumulation of antioxidant compounds in the breast of broilers. In total, 480 broilers were reared from 1 to 42 d of age and since the first day of life were allocated into four treatments, each with four replications of 30 birds. The formulated diet was based on corn and soybean meal and 0, 100, 200 or 400 mg of oregano oil per kg of feed were incorporated in the diets of treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and mortality rates were weekly recorded. At 21 and 42 days of age the intestinal villi height and antioxidant capacity in the chicken breast were measured. Oregano oil used contained 43.17% and 29.16% of thymol and carvacrol, respectively. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion rate and mortality were not affected by oregano oil dietary supplementation. The height of intestinal villi increased with the level of oregano oil supplementation (P<0.05). However, the size of the intestinal villi was greater in the duodenum compared to the other parts (P<0.05), and jejunum and ileum had the same height. Antioxidant capacity of chicken breast at the 6th week was increased in the group that was dietary supplemented with 400 mg of oregano oil per kg of feed.

RESUMEN: El aceite de orégano contiene aditivos que pueden estimular el crecimiento de las aves, sin embargo presenta gran variación atribuida a sus principales compuestos. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto del aceite de orégano en la dieta respecto de las variables productivas, altura de las vellosidades intestinales y acumulación de sus compuestos antioxidantes en la pechuga de pollo. En total, 480 pollos fueron engordados de 1 a 42 días de edad, siendo distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos, cada uno con cuatro réplicas de 30 pollos. La dieta se formuló a base de maíz y pasta de soya, adicionada con 0, 100, 200 o 400 mg de aceite de orégano por kg de alimento. El consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia y mortalidad se registraron semanalmente. A los 21 y 42 días de edad se midieron la altura de las vellosidades intestinales y la acumulación de compuestos antioxidantes en la pechuga de las aves. El aceite de orégano contenía 43,17% y 29,16% de timol y carvacrol, respectivamente. La ingesta de alimento, ganancia de peso, índice de conversión alimenticia y mortalidad no fueron afectados por la adición del aceite de orégano a la dieta. La altura de las vellosidades intestinales incrementó con el nivel de aceite de orégano suplementado en la dieta (P<0,05), pero el tamaño de las vellosidades intestinales en duodeno fue mayor (P<0.05), yeyuno e ileón presentaron el mismo tamaño. Los componentes antioxidantes en la pechuga de pollo incrementaron con 400 mg de aceite de orégano por kg de alimento.