RESUMO O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi investigar as realidades e desafios da intersetorialidade nas cidades/região que possuem estruturação dos grupos de trabalho intersetorial municipal (GTI-M) no Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) no período 2017-2021. Tratou-se de um pesquisa com levantamento documental e revisão integrativa para seleção de artigos nos idiomas português e inglês. Sete registros de documentos oficiais foram encontrados que norteiam as diretrizes para ações de adesão, pactuação, planejamento, execução e monitoramento do PSE e nove artigos de diferentes regiões do País onde foi observado as formas de relações de trabalho frente a intersetorialidade: sudeste (cinco); nordeste (dois); regiões sul (1) e região norte (1). A percepção sobre o trabalho intersetorial, ainda é carente de entendimento, envolvimento e efetivação dos GTI-M, o que dificulta a implementação de mecanismos facilitadores das ações do PSE. Além disso, existe uma falta de articulação municipal, a partir do decreto oficial para GTI-M, o que acaba promovendo ações fragmentadas, desgaste das equipes, diminuindo impactos positivos que o PSE pode promover na saúde coletiva. O estudo pode servir de base para reformulação de estratégias e de mecanismos de controle do governo federal para execução e liberação de verbas para o PSE.

ABSTRACT Objective: Investigate the realities and challenges of Intersectoriality in cities/regions that have structured municipal intersectoral working groups (GTI-M) in the Health at School Program (PSE) in the period 2017-2021. Method: Research with documental survey and integrative review to select articles in Ingles and Portuguese. Results: Records of official documents that guide the guidelines for actions of adherence, agreement, planning, execution and monitoring of the PSE and nine articles from different regions of the country where the forms of work in front of the intersectoriality were observed: southeast (five); northeast (two); south regions (1) and north region (1). Conclusion: The perception of intersectoral work still lacks understanding, involvement and effectiveness of the GTI-M, which makes it difficult to implement mechanisms that facilitate PSE actions. In addition, there is a lack of municipal articulation, based on the official decree for GTI-M, which ends up promoting fragmented actions, team wear, reducing the positive impacts that the PSE can promote in collective health. The study can serve as a basis for reformulating strategies and control mechanisms of the federal government to execution and release of funds for PSE.

ABSTRACT This research analysed the acute effects of flexibility training with two different intensities on inflammation. Twenty-eight young military personnel males were randomised into two groups of 14 individuals each: Submaximal Stretching Group (SG) and Maximal Stretching Group (MG). The training routines were applied for each group and involved shoulder horizontal flexion, shoulder horizontal extension, hip flexion and hip extension. Basal blood samples were collected immediately after exercise and 24 h later in order to assess the inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, IL-10). Repeated measures ANOVA (2x3) for intragroup and intergroup comparisons with the adjusted Bonferroni post-hoc test was used. There was significant intergroup interaction (p< 0.05) with post-exercise CRP levels, which were significantly higher in the MG when compared to the SG (p= 0.035; Δ= 94%). There were no significant differences in IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations at any intergroup moment. The intragroup comparison showed a significant rise in IL-6 immediately after and 24 h after maximal stretching, with a significant difference (p< 0.05) 24 h after when compared to baseline (p= 0.008; Δ= 44.16%). These results suggest that maximal stretching promoted a higher acute inflammatory response when compared to submaximal stretching due to the greater intensity of the exercises.

RESUMO Dietas vegetarianas vêm sendo cada vez mais adotadas no mundo. Com isso, há uma preocupação com a adequação nutricional e desempenho esportivo crescente entre profissionais de saúde e treinadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a percepção corporal sobre o treinamento físico entre indivíduos onívoros e vegetarianos e, de forma secundária, comparar a percepção entre as diferentes dietas vegetarianas no desempenho esportivo. A amostra teve um total de 189 participantes (47 do sexo masculino e 142 do sexo feminino), sendo 91 onívoros (31 do sexo masculino e 60 do sexo feminino) e 98 vegetarianos (17 do sexo masculino e 81 do sexo feminino). Foi utilizado o questionário de Percepção do Corpo na Performance Esportiva (Pecopes), constituído por duas dimensões: dimensão 1 = percepção do corpo no desempenho esportivo; dimensão 2 = percepção do corpo no treinamento técnico e tático. Os resultados mostraram uma diferença significativa na dimensão 1 favorável aos vegetarianos quando comparados aos onívoros. O subgrupo ovolactovegetariano também obteve resultado significativamente superior aos onívoros na dimensão 1. Assim, foi possível concluir que os participantes vegetarianos do presente estudo apresentaram uma melhor percepção do corpo no desempenho esportivo comparado com os onívoros, porém não foram encontradas diferenças na percepção do corpo quanto ao treinamento técnico e tático.

ABSTRACT Vegetarian diets are increasingly being adopted around the world. Thus, there is a concern about nutritional adequacy and growing sports performance among health professionals and coaches. This study aimed to analyze the body perception of physical training between omnivorous and vegetarian individuals and, secondarily, to compare the perception of different vegetarian diets on sports performance. The sample had a total of 189 participants (47 males and 142 females), being 91 omnivores (31 males and 60 females) and 98 vegetarians (17 males and 81 females). We used the Body Perception on Sports Performance (Pecopes) questionnaire, which consists of two dimensions: dimension 1 = perception of the body in sports performance; dimension 2 = body perception in technical and tactical training. The results showed a significant difference in dimension 1, favorable to vegetarians when compared to omnivores. The ovolactovegetarian subgroup also obtained a significantly higher result than omnivores in dimension 1. Thus, it was possible to conclude that vegetarian participants in the present study had a better body perception during sports performance compared to omnivores, but there were no differences in body perception regarding technical and tactical training.

RESUMEN Las dietas vegetarianas se adoptan cada vez más en el mundo. Por lo tanto, existe una preocupación por la adecuación nutricional y el aumento del rendimiento deportivo entre los profesionales de la salud y los entrenadores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la percepción corporal del entrenamiento físico entre individuos omnívoros y vegetarianos y, en segundo lugar, comparar la percepción de diferentes dietas vegetarianas sobre el rendimiento deportivo. La muestra tuvo un total de 189 participantes (47 hombres y 142 mujeres), siendo 91 omnívoros (31 hombres y 60 mujeres) y 98 vegetarianos (17 hombres y 81 mujeres). Se utilizó el cuestionario de Percepción del Cuerpo en el Rendimiento Deportivo (Pecopes), que consta de dos dimensiones: dimensión 1 = percepción del cuerpo en el rendimiento deportivo; dimensión 2 = percepción corporal en el entrenamiento técnico y táctico. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa en la dimensión 1 favorable a los vegetarianos en comparación con los omnívoros. El subgrupo ovolactovegetariano también tuvo un resultado significativamente mayor que los omnívoros en la dimensión 1. Así, fue posible concluir que los participantes vegetarianos en el presente estudio tenían una mejor percepción del cuerpo en el rendimiento deportivo en comparación con los omnívoros, pero no hubo diferencias. que se encuentran en la percepción del cuerpo con respecto al entrenamiento técnico y táctico.

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou investigar as origens históricas da Filosofia da Educação Física e do Esporte no Brasil. Os escritos de Inezil Penna Marinho, ex-professor da Universidade do Brasil entre 1945 e 1984, foram os primeiros sobre esse conteúdo específico no Brasil. A coleta de dados resultou em seis categorias temáticas, nomeadamente “Comentários sobre Fragmentos Traduzidos”, “Filologia da Educação Física e Desporto”, “Jogos, Hedonismo e Transfiguração”, “Lazer e Axiologia”, “Filosofia da Educação Física Curricular” e “Metafísica do cérebro”. Marinho foi um filósofo eclético, fundacionalista e casuístico. Nos textos de Marinho, a Educação Física tem atributos éticos, axiológicos, estéticos, epistêmicos, psicanalíticos, educacionais, políticos e metafísicos. Adicionalmente, Marinho desenvolveu diálogos com autores do Aristotelismo, Platonismo, Renascimento, Iluminismo, Evolucionismo, Empirismo, Freudismo, Teoria Crítica, Hedonismo, Teologia Platônica, Estoicismo, Cartesianismo e Bergsonismo. Cinco questões clássicas apareceram em sua produção: a felicidade como demanda transcendental; natureza da correspondência entre linguagem e realidade; dualidade mente-corpo; conflito histórico entre liberdade e dominação; constituição do sujeito. Para Marinho, a ginástica parecia ter maior importância axiológica do que esportes, jogos e atividade física geral. Esse resultado mostra que a Filosofia da Educação Física e do Esporte no Brasil possui tradições próprias.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the historical origins of the Philosophy of Physical Education and Sports in Brazil. The writings of Inezil Penna Marinho, former Professor of the University of Brazil between 1945 and 1984, were the first on this specific content in Brazil. Data collection resulted in six thematic categories, namely “Comments on Translated Fragments”, “Philology of Physical Education and Sports”, “Games, Hedonism and Transfiguration”, “Leisure and Axiology”, “Philosophy of Curricular Physical Education”, and “Metaphysics of Brain”. Marinho was an Eclectic, Foundationalist, and Casuistic philosopher. In his texts, Physical Education got ethical, axiological, aesthetical, epistemic, psychoanalytical, educational, political, and metaphysical attributes. Additionally, Marinho developed dialogues with authors from Aristotelianism, Platonism, Renaissance, Enlightenment, Evolutionism, Empirism, Freudism, Critical Theory, Hedonism, Platonic Theology, Stoicism, Cartesianism, and Bergsonism. Five classical issues appeared in his production: happiness as a transcendental demand; nature of the correspondence between language and reality; duality mind-body; historical conflict between freedom and domination; constitution of the subject. For him, gymnastics seemed to be higher in axiological importance than sports, games, and general physical activity. This result shows that the Philosophy of Physical Education and Sports in Brazil has its own traditions.

ABSTRACT Infrared thermography has become increasingly common in sports assessment and has grown a lot over the past few years. Our objective was to identify the assessment protocols and the skin temperature behavior of practitioners of endurance sports. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA recommendations between the 1st and the 31st of March 2020, at MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, SPORT Discus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Scielo, using combinations with 11 descriptors for “thermography” and 6 descriptors for “endurance training”. It was identified 24 different regions of interest evaluated region in endurance sports. The acclimatization time was respected in 75% of the selected studies, and the thermal images were acquired predominantly in three moments: before the test, immediately after the test, and 10 minutes after the test. It was observed that Tskin decreased in the initial moments and increased after exercise. It can be concluded that the regions of interest used were mostly the specific muscle recruited in each modality, with emphasis on the muscle groups of the lower limbs, and after this initial decrease in temperature, the thermal response is mainly dependent on the duration and intensity of exercise.

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to present a technical evaluation proposal for the crawl stroke that can be used with large groups of swimmers, based on an observation sheet. Methods: Fifteen healthy university students aged between 18 and 30 years were chosen to participate in the study. The subjects were recorded swimming at a distance of 50 meters using the crawl technique at a comfortable and self-determined speed. The recordings simulated docent observation capacity. Five swimming teachers were selected to evaluate the proposed checklist and the subjects’ technique. An observation sheet was created based on references present in literature containing ten items that are considered fundamental for swimming movements. The study was divided into (i) checklist validation, (ii) intra-evaluator consistency, and (iii) inter-evaluator consistency. Results: The proposed checklist fulfilled the validity criteria, with intra-evaluator consistency varying between reasonable and substantial, with k varying between 0.36 and 0.73 respectively, while inter-evaluator consistency was deemed reasonable (k = 0.24). Conclusion: According to the results that were obtained, the suggested list is valid and adequate for what it proposes to do.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor lombar é a principal causa de incapacidade global e possui prevalência em mulheres, tendendo a aumentar após a menopausa. O presente estudo objetivou analisar as associações entre índice de massa corporal, força muscular, cinesiofobia, estradiol, incapacidade funcional e percepção de dor lombar em mulheres na pós-menopausa com dor lombar crônica. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 22 mulheres na pós-menopausa diagnosticadas com dor lombar crônica. A força abdominal e dos extensores da coluna foi avaliada por meio de testes isométricos. Os níveis séricos basais de estradiol foram analisados pelo método de quimiluminescência. A cinesiofobia, a percepção de dor e a incapacidade funcional lombar foram determinadas pela Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, escala analógica visual e Roland Morris Questionnaire, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: O teste de correlação de Spearman mostrou associações entre os níveis de cinesiofobia e os valores de massa corporal total (rho=-0,513; p=0,015) e os níveis de cinesiofobia e os valores de índice de massa corporal (rho=-0,576; p=0,005). Foi encontrada correlação entre os níveis de cinesiofobia e de percepção de incapacidade funcional lombar (rho=0,434; p=0,043). Não houve correlações significativas entre as variáveis força muscular, estradiol e percepção de dor. CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres na pós-menopausa com dor lombar crônica que apresentam maiores valores de massa corporal total e índice de massa corporal tendem a apresentar menores níveis de cinesiofobia. Existe relação direta entre o medo de se movimentar ou permanecer em uma posição específica e a percepção de funcionalidade e segurança da coluna lombar.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain is the main cause of global disability and is prevalent in women, tending to increase after menopause. The present study aimed to analyze the correlation between body mass index, muscle strength, kinesiophobia, estradiol, functional disability, and low back pain perception in postmenopausal women with chronic low back pain. METHODS: Twenty-two postmenopausal women with chronic low back pain were evaluated. Abdominal and lower back strength were assessed using isometric tests. Basal serum estradiol levels were analyzed using the chemiluminescence method. Kinesiophobia, low back pain perception, and low back functional disability were determined using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the visual analog scale, and the Roland Morris Questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS: The Spearman correlation test showed correlations between the levels of kinesiophobia and the value of body mass (rho= -0.513; p=0.015) and the levels of kinesiophobia and the values of body mass index (rho= -0.576; p=0.005). There was correlation between the levels of kinesiophobia and perception of lumbar functional disability (rho= 0.434; p=0.043). No significant correlations were found between the variables of muscle strength, estradiol, and low back pain perception. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women with low back pain who have higher body mass and body mass index values tend to present lower levels of kinesiophobia. There is a direct relationship between the fear of moving or maintaining a specific position and the perception of the functionality and safety of the lumbar spine.

ABSTRACT Triathlon is one of the most flourishing sports in the world. This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of physiological markers and subjective perception variables in amateur trained athletes. Participated in the present study 8 male endurance triathletes with race experience. The injury markers and oxidative stress parameters were investigated in the blood plasma and measured at baseline and post-race. Heat, comfort, and humidity perception, and Borg ratings of perceived exertion were measured during the baseline, transition area, and post-race. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with significance set as p<0.05. The variables of injury and muscle fatigue presented a significant increase comparing the baseline and post-race data, CK (p= 0.005; d= 5.7), LDH (p= 0.004; d= 1.3) and lactate (p< 0.001; d= 7.2). It was observed a significant increase in CP (p= 0.021; d= 2.2) and a significant decrease in DPPH (p= 0.002; d= −1.4) in post-race, no significant changes in LP (p= 0.217; d= 0.6) and TT (p= 0.881; d= −0.1) oxidative stress markers was verified. A significant increase (Δ% = 30.95, p = 0.001; d = 6.8) was observed in urine temperature and color (range [1-7], p = 0.039). Even with the significant increase in fatigue, with a significant increase in the injury markers, oxidative stress markers suggested a good antioxidant defense. It was observed an increase in exertion and heat perception, as well as a reduction in heat comfort and skin wetness.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop a mobile application (App) for the Latin American Group for the Development of the Elderly (GDLAM) protocol of functional autonomy in the Android environment and check its reproducibility. This study was divided into two stages: 1) creation and development of the GDLAM App, Android Studio software, and JAVA as a programming language; 2) evaluation of 63 volunteers for the GDLAM protocol using the traditional method and the App. The significance level was set at p<0.05. There were no statistical differences between the traditional GDLAM protocol and the App. However, the total time required to assess the GDLAM protocol using the App was significantly lower (p <0.001). In addition, the levels of agreement between assessments exhibited strong and very strong positive correlations with significance (p <0.001) for all variables. The study showed that the use of the GDLAM App is as efficient as the traditional functional autonomy protocol for the elderly, demonstrating that reproducibility is adequate, assessment time shorter, and results are obtained faster.

RESUMO Introdução Indivíduos com esquizofrenia tendem a apresentar níveis elevados de cortisol e alterações no mecanismo serotoninérgico. Entretanto, os efeitos dos exercícios aeróbicos sobre os níveis de cortisol e serotonina em pacientes esquizofrênicos não estão bem estabelecidos. Objetivos Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento aeróbico sobre os níveis de serotonina e cortisol em pacientes esquizofrênicos internados. Métodos Trinta indivíduos esquizofrênicos foram randomicamente designados para um grupo de exercícios (GE; n = 15; idade: 29 ± 9,08 anos; IMC: 23,57 ± 4,33 kg/m2) ou para um grupo controle (GC; n = 15; idade: 33,17 ± 12,8 anos, IMC: 22,89 ± 5,68 kg/m2). O GE realizou um programa de treinamento aeróbico em cicloergômetro (57% a 67% da frequência cardíaca máxima) por 30 minutos, cinco dias por semana, totalizando 20 sessões. A análise de cortisol (método quimioluminescente) e serotonina (cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência) foi realizada antes e depois do teste em ambos os grupos. O nível de significância foi de p < 0,05. Resultados Depois das sessões de exercício, o GE mostrou redução significativa do nível de cortisol (Δ = -5,68 mcg/dl%, p < 0,0001) e aumento significativo do nível de serotonina (Δ = 47,63 ng/ml, p = 0,015) em comparação com o GC. Conclusão O programa de treinamento aeróbico foi efetivo para a redução dos níveis de cortisol e aumento dos níveis de serotonina em pacientes esquizofrênicos. Nível de evidência I; Estudo clínico randomizado.

ABSTRACT Introduction Individuals with schizophrenia tend to have high levels of cortisol and changes in the serotonergic mechanism. However, the effects of aerobic exercises on cortisol and serotonin levels in schizophrenic inpatients are not well established. Objective To evaluate the effects of an aerobic training program on serotonin and cortisol levels in schizophrenic inpatients. Methods Thirty schizophrenic subjects were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG; n = 15; age: 29 ± 9.08 years; BMI: 23.57 ± 4.33 kg/m2) or a control group (CG; n = 15; age: 33.17 ± 12.8 years; BMI: 22.89 ± 5.68 kg/m2). EG performed an aerobic training program in a cycle ergometer (57% to 67% of the maximum heart rate) for 30 minutes, five days a week, with a total of twenty sessions. The analysis of cortisol (Chemiluminescence Method) and serotonin (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) was performed before and after testing in both groups. The level of significance was of p<0.05. Results After the exercise sessions, EG showed a significant reduction in cortisol levels (Δ = -5.68 mcg/dl%, p < 0.0001) and a significant increase in serotonin levels (Δ = 47.63 ng/ml, p = 0.015) compared to CG. Conclusion The aerobic training program was effective in reducing cortisol levels and increasing serotonin levels in schizophrenic inpatients. Level of evidence I; Randomized clinical trial.

RESUMEN Introducción Las personas con esquizofrenia tienden a tener altos niveles de cortisol y cambios en el mecanismo serotoninérgico. Sin embargo, los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico sobre los niveles de cortisol y serotonina en pacientes esquizofrénicos no están bien establecidos. Objetivos Evaluar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico sobre los niveles de serotonina y cortisol en pacientes esquizofrénicos internados. Métodos Treinta individuos esquizofrénicos fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de ejercicio (GE; n = 15; edad: 29 ± 9,08 años; IMC: 23,57 ± 4,33 kg/m2) o a un grupo control (GC; n = 15; edad: 33,17 ± 12,8 años, IMC: 22,89 ± 5,68 kg/m2). GE realizó un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico en cicloergómetro (57% a 67% de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima) durante 30 minutos, cinco días a la semana, totalizando 20 sesiones. El análisis de cortisol (método quimioluminiscente) y serotonina (cromatografía líquida de alta resolución) se realizó antes y después de la prueba en ambos grupos. El nivel de significación fue p < 0,05. Resultados Después de las sesiones de ejercicio, el GE mostró una reducción significativa en el nivel de cortisol (Δ = -5,68 mcg/dl٪, p < 0,0001) y un aumento significativo en el nivel de serotonina (Δ = 47,63 ng/ml, p = 0,015) en comparación al GC. Conclusión El programa de entrenamiento aeróbico fue efectivo para reducir los niveles de cortisol y aumentar los niveles de serotonina en pacientes esquizofrénicos. Nivel de evidencia I; Estudio clínico aleatorizado.

Young soccer players undertake anthropometric measurements for directing the effectiveness of training programs. However, the use of the eight-electrode electrical bioimpedance method is increasingly being used for the body composition evaluation. The purpose of this study was to compare and correlate body composition, using anthropometric predictive equations, with the use of electrical bioimpedance. Thirty Brazilian high-performance men, players of the U-20 category, participated in the study, while their position in the field was recorded. Anthropometrics were assessed using the predictive equations of Faulkner, Yuhasz, Carter, and Slaughter and electrical bioimpedance. There were no significant differences between methods for anthropometric evaluation, while traditional body composition analysis and bioimpedance showed moderate correlations with respect to the anthropometric protocols, Faulkner (r = 0.63, p<0.01), Yuhasz (r = 0.64, p<0.01), Carter (r = 0.64, p<0.01) and Slaughter (r = 0.53, p<0.01). According to the present investigation, bioimpedance with eight electrodes can be a reliable tool for the assessment of body composition in young soccer players.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a atividade mioelétrica (EMG), o tempo sob tensão (TST) e a projeção dos joelhos no exercício agachamento sem o uso de implementos (SI) e com o uso de physioball (PH) e banda elástica (BE) em diferentes intensidades de esforço. Dez homens realizaram o exercício nos três protocolos com a intensidade de 50 e 100% de 10 RM. A distância entre joelhos no protocolo controle (51,25cm) foi menor quando comparada com o SI 50% (84,38cm; p < 0,001), com o SI 100% (88,80cm; p < 0,001) e com BE 100% (67,41cm; p = 0,014). A distância entre os joelhos também foi menor para os protocolos PH 100% (53,10cm; p < 0,001) e BE 100% (67,41cm; p < 0,001) comparada ao SI 100% (88,80cm). O Vasto Medial Oblíquo (VMO) apresentou maior ativação nos protocolos SI 50% (p = 0,035) e PH 50% (p = 0,028) quando comparados ao protocolo BE 50%. A realização do agachamento com cargas submáximas parece aumentar e diminuir a ativação do VMO quando realizado com PH e BE, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to analyze the myoelectric activity (EMG), the time under tension (TST) and the knee projection in the squat exercise without the use of implements (SI) and with the use of physioball (PH) and elastic band (EB) at different intensities of effort. Ten men performed the exercise in the three protocols with the intensity of 50 and 100% of 10 RM. The distance between knees in the control protocol (51.25 cm) was lower when compared to SI 50% (84.38 cm, p <0.001), with SI 100% (88.80 cm, p <0.001) and with EB 100% (67.41cm, p = 0.014). The distance between the knees was also lower for the protocols PH 100% (53.10cm, p <0.001) and EB 100% (67.41, p <0.001) compared to the SI 100% (88.80 cm) protocols. The Vasto Medial Oblique (VMO) presented greater activation in the SI 50% protocols (p = 0.035) and PH 50% (p = 0.028) when compared to the EB 50% protocol. The accomplishment of squatting with submaximal loads seems to increase and decrease the activation of VMO when performed with physioball and BE, respectively.

Abstract Aim: This systematic review aimed to evaluate various Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, based on the frequency applied, the number of satellites available, and the dilution of precision (DOP) presented to measure football player load control. Method: The systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations. Four hundred and eighty-five articles were selected from two online databases (Scopus and ISI Web of Science) over five years, with 21 studies selected for this review. In these studies, the GNSS frequency ranged from 5 to 18 Hz, with 10 Hz as the most commonly used frequency. Results: Of the 21 selected studies, 20 presented the ideal horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP), and the number of satellites available varied from 5 to 20. There was no consensus on defining speed, acceleration, or deceleration zones. Conclusion: There was no uniformity in data collected from the devices. Most GNSS receivers do not adopt the international system of units (SI).

RESUMO Jogado em todo o mundo, o golfe está ganhando popularidade, sendo um esporte que depende das habilidades individuais, tornando-se importante a busca por ferramentas que visem buscar e orientar seus respectivos talentos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar a distribuição dos indicadores dermatoglíficos de golfistas de alto rendimento e de um grupo controle de não atletas. A amostra foi composta por 46 indivíduos com idade e sexo pareados, divididos em dois grupos: o Grupo Golf (GG), composto por 23 golfistas e o Grupo Controle (GC), composto por 23 indivíduos controle aleatoriamente selecionados. Os golfistas, parte do Projeto Golf Brasil da Confederação Brasileira de Golfe, tinham idade entre 11 e 21 anos. Os resultados demonstram que o número de linhas no padrão de seis possíveis variáveis de impressão digital (MESQL1, MESQL2, MESQL4, MESQL5, SQTLE, SQTL) é maior nos golfistas (GG) quando comparado ao grupo controle (GC). Quando observadas as variáveis qualitativas, ou seja, o tipo de figura, observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos, visto que os Golfistas (GG) apresentaram maior quantidade de Presilha Radial (LR) no MDT5 quando comparados ao grupo controle (GC). Os resultados encontrados neste estudo demonstraram que o perfil dermatoglífico de golfistas de alto rendimento difere da população não atleta.

ABSTRACT Played all over the world, golf has gained popularity, for it is a sport that depends on individual abilities. For this reason the search for tools that aim to seek and guide its respective talented players has become very important. Therefore, this study had the objective of comparing the distribution of the dermatoglyphic indicators of high performance golfers and of a group control of non-athletes. The sample was composed of 46 individuals with paired age and gender, divided into two groups: the Group Golf (GG), composed of 23 golfers, and the Group Control (GC), composed of 23 individuals control randomly selected. The golfers, part of the Project Golf Brazil of the Brazilian Golf Confederation, were between 11 and 21 years old. The results demonstrated that the number of lines in the pattern was of six possible variables of fingerprint (MESQL1, MESQL2, MESQL4, MESQL5, SQTLE, SQTL) is significantly higher in the golfers (GG) when compared to the group control (GC). When observed the qualitative variables, i. e., the pattern type, significant diferences where observed between the groups, since the golfers (GG) presented more Radial Loops (RL) in MDT5 when compared to the group control (GC). The results found in this study demonstrated that the dermatoglyphic profile of high performance golfers differ from the non-athlete population.

RESUMO Introdução O método Pilates pode ser uma forma adequada de exercício para melhorar a força dos músculos do tronco, que podem ser um preditor de dor e problemas musculoesqueléticos. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do método Pilates sobre a força muscular e resistência dos músculos extensores e flexores do tronco em um grupo de adolescentes. Métodos A amostra foi composta de 101 estudantes do ensino médio divididos em dois grupos: um grupo experimental (GE = 81) e um grupo controle (GC = 20). A intervenção foi realizada duas vezes por semana durante seis semanas. Cada sessão durou 55 minutos e foi dividida em três partes: aquecimento, parte principal e relaxamento. A força muscular foi avaliada com o teste de Sörensen e o teste de flexão abdominal com apoio de pernas. Para a análise de dados, foram empregados o teste t de amostras pareadas, o teste t para amostras independentes e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. O tamanho do efeito (d) foi determinado. Resultados O GE apresentou melhoras significativas em ambos os testes (+34,77 pontos; +18,55 pontos, respectivamente). Não foram observadas alterações no GC. O tamanho do efeito foi alto (d > 1,15) para ambos os testes, o que significa que os resultados foram melhores em uma grande proporção de participantes. O grupo controle apresentou declínio da força muscular do tronco. No grupo experimental, meninos e meninas apresentaram melhoras significativas em ambos os testes. Esse aumento de força foi atingido por uma alta proporção de meninos e meninas (d > 1,15). O tamanho do efeito foi alto (d > 1,15) nos dois testes e sexos. Conclusão Seis semanas depois da implantação do método Pilates nas aulas de educação física, a força muscular dos flexores e extensores do tronco aumentou nos adolescentes. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The Pilates Method may be an appropriate form of exercise for improving trunk muscle strength, which can be a predictor of pain and musculoskeletal problems. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the Pilates Method on muscle strength and endurance of the extensor and flexor muscles of the trunk in a group of adolescents. Methods The sample consisted of 101 high-school students divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG=81) and a control group (CG=20). The intervention was carried out twice a week for six weeks. Each session lasted 55 minutes, and was divided into three parts: warm-up, main part, and cool down. Muscle strength was assessed by the Sörensen Test and the Bench Trunk-curl Test. The paired sample T-test, the T- test for independent samples, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied. The size of the effect (d) was determined. Results The EG showed significant improvements in both tests (+34.77 points; +18.55 points, respectively). No changes were observed in the CG. The effect size was high (d>1.15) for both tests, which means that the results were improved in a large proportion of the participants. The control group showed a decline in strength of the trunk musculature. In the experimental group, both boys and girls showed significant improvements in both tests. This strength increase was enhanced for a large proportion of boys and girls (d>1.15). The effect size was high (d>1.15) for both tests and for both sexes. Conclusion Six-weeks after implementing the Pilates Method in Physical Education lessons, the muscle strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the trunk in adolescents was improved. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies-Investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción El método Pilates puede ser una forma apropiada de ejercicio para la mejora de la fuerza de la musculatura del tronco, la cual puede ser un predictor de dolor y problemas musculoesquéticos. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos del método Pilates sobre la fuerza muscular y la resistencia de los músculos extensores y flexores del tronco en un grupo de adolescentes. Métodos La muestra consistió en 101 estudiantes de secundaria divididos en dos grupos: un grupo experimental (GE = 81) y un grupo control (GC = 20). La intervención se realizó dos veces a la semana durante seis semanas. Cada sesión duró 55 minutos y se dividió en tres partes: calentamiento, parte principal y relajación. La fuerza muscular se evaluó mediante la prueba de Sörensen y la prueba de flexión abdominal con apoyo de piernas. Se aplicaron pruebas t de muestras pareadas t de muestras independientes y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Se determinó el tamaño del efecto (d). Resultados El GE mostró mejoras significativas en ambas pruebas (+34,77 puntos; +18,55 puntos, respectivamente). No se observaron cambios en el GC. El tamaño del efecto fue alto (d > 1,15) para ambas pruebas, lo que significa que los resultados mejoraron en una gran proporción de participantes. El grupo control mostró una disminución en la fuerza de la musculatura del tronco. En el grupo experimental, tanto los niños como las niñas mostraron mejoras significativas en ambas pruebas. Este aumento de la fuerza fue mayor para una alta proporción de niños y niñas (d > 1,15). El tamaño del efecto fue alto (d > 1,15) para ambas pruebas y para ambos sexos. Conclusión Después de seis semanas de implementar el método Pilates en las clases de educación física, se mejoró la fuerza muscular de los flexores y extensores del tronco en adolescentes. Nivel de evidencia II; Tipo de estudio: Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados de tratamiento.