ABSTRACT Our objective was to evaluate the genetic potential of two maize populations derived from commercial hybrids for beginning a reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) program. For this, 280 interpopulation half-sib (HS) progenies were produced from two populations (140 HS from each population), which were derived from the selfing of the commercial hybrids AS1598 (Pop1) and RB9210 (Pop2). We then evaluated the 280 HS progenies, the two base populations, and the two hybrids for grain yield (GY) and ear and plant architecture traits in southwestern Goias during the 2020 winter season. Variance components and genetic values of each progeny were estimated using the REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) methodology. Genetic gains by selection of the top 20% of progenies were predicted using two strategies: i) selection for GY and ii) selection for GY and days to silking (DTS) simultaneously. We observed genetic variability in both populations for all tested traits; therefore, it is possible to obtain genetic gains from the interpopulation improvement of both Pop1 and Pop2. The genetic gain estimates with the selection based on GY were 9.03 and 3.45% for Pop1 and Pop2, respectively. Simultaneous selection for GY and DTS resulted in positive (>4%) genetic gains for GY in both populations and decreased the cycle in Pop1, but we did not observe any alteration of the cycle in Pop2. We concluded that both populations derived from commercial hybrids have genetic potential for interpopulation improvement using RRS. RRS (RRS program this 28 halfsib half sib (HS 140 (14 population, population , population) AS AS159 Pop (Pop1 RB RB921 Pop2 . (Pop2) (GY 202 season REMLBLUP REML BLUP Restricted LikelihoodBest Likelihood Best Prediction methodology 20 strategies i ii (DTS simultaneously therefore 903 9 03 9.0 345 3 45 3.45 respectively >4% 4 (>4% 2 14 (1 AS15 (Pop RB92 (Pop2 90 0 9. 34 3.4 >4 (>4 1 ( AS1 RB9 3. > (>

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genético de duas populações de milho derivadas de híbridos comerciais para iniciar um programa de seleção recorrente recíproca (SRR). Para isso, 280 progênies de meios-irmãos (PMI) interpopulacionais foram obtidas de duas populações (140 PMI de cada população) derivadas da autofecundação dos híbridos comerciais AS1598 (Pop1) e RB9210 (Pop2). As 280 PMI, as duas populações e os dois híbridos foram avaliados para produtividade de grãos (PG) e seis caracteres de arquitetura de planta e de espiga em dois locais no Sudoeste de Goiás, na segunda safra de 2020. Os componentes de variância e os valores genéticos de cada progênie foram estimados pela metodologia REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). Os ganhos genéticos com a seleção de 20% das progênies superiores foram preditos usando duas estratégias: i) seleção truncada para PG e ii) seleção simultânea para PG e florescimento feminino (FF). Observou -se variabilidade genética nas duas populações para todos os caracteres avaliados. Consequentemente, é possível obter ganhos genéticos a partir do melhoramento interpopulacional das Pop1 e 2. As estimativas de ganhos com a seleção truncada para PG foram de 9,03% e 3,45% para as Pop1 e Pop2, respectivamente. A seleção simultânea para PG e FF resultou em ganhos positivos (>4%) para PG em ambas populações e redução no ciclo na Pop1, mas não houve alteração para ciclo na Pop2. Conclui-se que as duas populações derivadas de híbridos comerciais de milho têm potencial genético para o melhoramento interpopulacional com emprego de SRR. SRR . (SRR) isso 28 meiosirmãos meios irmãos (PMI 140 (14 população AS AS159 Pop (Pop1 RB RB921 Pop2 (Pop2) (PG Goiás 2020 REMLBLUP REML BLUP Restricted LikelihoodBest Likelihood Best Prediction. Prediction Prediction) 20 estratégias i ii FF. (FF) se Consequentemente 2 903 9 03 9,03 345 3 45 3,45 respectivamente >4% 4 (>4% Concluise Conclui (SRR 14 (1 AS15 (Pop RB92 (Pop2 202 (FF 90 0 9,0 34 3,4 >4 (>4 1 ( AS1 RB9 9, 3, > (>

Resumen El consumo de frutas con beneficios potenciales para la salud ha aumentado en los últimos años, siendo la mora (Rubus sp.) una de estas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño de los cultivares de mora y la influencia del manejo de los tallos principales en el cultivar BRS-Tupy. En el primer experimento se evaluaron los cultivares: BRS-Tupy, Cherokee, Xavante y Guaraní; en el segundo experimento las podas evaluadas fueron: 0 tallos (poda drástica de invierno), 2, 3 y 4 tallos principales. Las variables analizadas fueron: masa foliar verde y seca, área foliar, número y promedio de masa frutal, producción por planta, tamaño y porcentaje de humedad de la fruta, y sólidos solubles. Con respecto al peso promedio, al tamaño del fruto y la producción a cultivar, BRS-Tupy fue mayor en los dos ciclos evaluados. En cuanto a los sólidos solubles, la variedad Cherokee fue superior en el ciclo 2016/17. En el segundo experimento, en términos de número de frutas y producción, la poda de 4 tallos en el ciclo 2016/17 fue superior; en el siguiente ciclo, la poda de 3 tallos fue igual. La poda drástica en estas variables se muestra inferior en los dos ciclos evaluados. En la variable de tamaño de fruta, se encontró una diferencia significativa solo en el ciclo 2017/18, donde la poda drástica mostró frutas más pequeñas. Con esto se puede concluir que existen diferencias entre los ciclos productivos evaluados, pero que, en general, el cultivar BRS-Tupy presenta los mejores resultados productivos y que la poda con 4 tallos se destaca inicialmente.

Abstract There was increased fruit consumption with potential health benefits in the last years, being blackberry one of these fruits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Blackberry cultivars and the influence of main stem management on BRS-Tupy cultivar. The first experiment assessed the cultivars: BRS-Tupy, Cherokee, Xavante, and Guarani; in the second experiment the evaluated prunings were: drastic winter pruning, 2, 3, and 4 main primocanes. The variables analyzed were: green and dry leaf mass, leaf area, number and average fruit mass, production per plant, average size and percentage of fruit moisture, and soluble solids. In relation to average weight, fruit size and yield, BRS-Tupy cultivar was superior in both cycles evaluated. As for soluble solids the Cherokee cultivar was superior, but only in the 2016/17 cycle. In the second experiment, in terms of number of fruits and production, pruning of 4 primocanes in the 2016/17 cycle was superior, but in the next cycle the pruning of 3 primocanes equaled it in the production variable. The drastic pruning in these variables is shown to be lower in the two cycles evaluated. Concerning the variable size of fruit, a significant difference was found only in the 2017/18 cycle, where drastic pruning presented smaller fruits. Thus, it can be concluded that, in general, BRS-Tupy cultivar presents the best productive results and that pruning with 4 primocanes initially stands out alone.

Abstract Pecan trees require adequate soil moisture conditions to produce nuts with good yield and quality. Irrigation should be an important considered practice in orchards management plan, mainly in regions with water deficit periods. The objective of this research was to evaluate irrigation on pecan nuts growth and yield. This study was conducted in Uruguay, during the fast development phase until the pecan nuts harvest. Three irrigation treatments were used: 0 L (control), 70 L and 140 L plant-1 of water every two days, applied via drip irrigation in seven-year-old pecan trees of the cultivar Success. The number of nuts per cluster and nuts’ diameter and length were evaluated during nut growth. After harvesting, peeled nuts’ width and length were measured, and after peeling, the kernel length, width, height and filling and the kernel and peel percentage were evaluated. According to the results, it was possible to identify that periods of water deficit during pecan nuts development affected the kernel filling stageand size. Irrigation in pecan plants provides greater dimensions and nuts mass. With the use of 140 L plant-1, there was an increase in the nut mass of more than 100% in relation to the nuts from plants without irrigation.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of different peach rootstock genotypes in subtropical climate in an experiment in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty-one rootstocks under the scion cultivar 'BRS Libra' and one genotype from self-rooted nursery trees were evaluated. The 22 genotypes were evaluated as fruit set and fruit yield in the growing seasons 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18. Adaptability and stability were measured by the GGE biplot method. In the four years of evaluation, plants from self-rooted nursery trees had higher fruit set, yield as well as greater stability. On the other hand, the instability of plants grown on rootstocks from species other than the scion cultivar was greater. It can be concluded that under the tested conditions, the self-rooted genotype of 'BRS Libra' is a potential alternative for peach growers.

Abstract The goal of this work was to evaluate blackberry cultivars in terms of productivity and bioactive compounds. Two experiments were conducted: in the first experiment four cultivars were evaluated (Cherokee, Guarani, BRS-Tupy and Xavante). In the second experiment, the effects of pruning management in the BRS-Tupy cultivar were evaluated with the following treatments: drastic winter pruning (zero primocane), and maintenance of two, three or four primocanes in the winter pruning. Vegetative, productive and fruit quality characteristics were determined, including measurement of bioactive compounds. Among the cultivars, the cultivar BRS-Tupy was superior in terms of productive characteristics, but for content of anthocyanins and flavonoids, the cultivar Xavante stood out (191.97 and 68.44 mg 100 g-1, respectively). Drastic winter pruning produced lower fruit quality. The number of primocanes has a directly proportional influence on the soluble solids content and productivity component. For farmers who want fruits with greater levels of bioactive compounds, the use of cultivar Xavante is recommended; however, for those who aim for productive aspects, we suggest the use of cultivar BRS-Tupy with four primocanes per plant.