ABSTRACT We described a MRSA bloodstream infection outbreak that was rapidly identified and controlled in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit after implementation of a bundle of measures, including PCR-screening and HCW decolonization. We found 35% of healthcare workers(HCW) colonized with S. aureus by PCR, one of them that presented skin lesion positive for MSSA (same clone and spa type than two patients). Our findings raise the hypothesis that the outbreak could be related to HCW colonization.

RESUMO

SUMMARY On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 a pandemic. The Obstetrics and Neonatology disciplines needed to be revised to suit the institutional need to expand intensive care beds to care for confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19 in the state of São Paulo, following the recommendations of the Institutional Crisis Committee. Three different actions were needed: the structuring of teams and advanced medical post to attend COVID-19-free patients and those with suspect or confirmed COVID-19; elaborating the protocols from the delivery room throughout hospitalization. Some special considerations about breastfeeding and rooming-in were needed. The third action was the drafting of a protocol to admit infants from other hospitals with confirmed COVID-19 as the unit never admitted outpatients before.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e a mortalidade de sepse neonatal por bactérias Gram negativas produtoras de beta-lactamase de espectro estendido (ESBL) em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo de 236 recém-nascidos com suspeita de sepse entre 2000 e 2004. O diagnóstico de sepse foi confirmado pela presença de sinais clínicos associada à positividade da hemocultura. A triagem para bactérias ESBL foi realizada segundo os critérios do National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. RESULTADOS: 84 (36%) recém-nascidos apresentaram hemocultura positiva, sendo a Klebsiella pneumoniae o agente mais prevalente (47%). A análise dos neonatos com infecção por Klebsiella pneumoniae mostrou que sete destas eram ESBL, perfazendo uma taxa de infecção de 0,4%. Todos os recém-nascidos com Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL - exceto um - foram hospitalizados por mais de 21 dias e necessitaram de ventilação mecânica; todos tinham cateter central, nutrição parenteral e antibióticos de largo espectro. A mortalidade ocorreu em 36 (43%) dos 84 neonatos com sepse confirmada. Dentre os óbitos, as hemoculturas mostraram Gram negativos (67%) e fungos (19%). Em relação à Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL, três recém-nascidos (43%) morreram. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de sepse por Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL no período do estudo foi de 0,4% e a mortalidade de 43%. É importante a detecção e o controle da disseminação deste tipo de microrganismo por seu impacto negativo na sobrevida de recém-nascidos prematuros e/ou doentes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the neonatal sepsis prevalence and the mortality of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria (ESBL) in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: This is a descriptive and retrospective study of 236 newborn infants with sepsis suspicion from 2000 to 2004. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical signs and positive blood culture. Screening for ESBL was carried out following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards criteria. RESULTS: Eighty-four (36%) neonates showed positive blood culture. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most prevalent agent (47%). Among the neonates with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, seven presented ESBL infection, with an infection rate of 0.4%. All the patients with one exception had length of hospital stay greater than 21 days and needed mechanical ventilation; all the newborns used central catheters, parenteral nutrition and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Among the 84 patients with confirmed sepsis, 36 (43%) died and their blood cultures were positive for gram-negative bacteria (67%) and fungous (19%). In relation to ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae, three (43%) neonates died. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sepsis by ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae was 0.4% and the mortality rate was 42.8%. It is important to detect and to control the spread of this infectious agent with its negative impact on the survival rate of premature and/or sick newborn infants.