Resumo A definição e o reconhecimento do papel do arquiteto em Portugal é, desde o princípio do século XX, uma preocupação da classe. O presente artigo discute como tem sido abordada a investigação enquanto alicerce para um mais completo exercício da profissão. Quem foram os que, no último vinténio do século XX, se debruçaram sobre o exercício da profissão de arquiteto? Face ao número de arquitetos inscritos em Portugal, estes reconhecem publicamente a importância da investigação enquanto apoio à atividade de projeto? Metodologicamente, o estudo apoia-se no Jornal Arquitectos (J-A, 1981-2000), designadamente na identificação dos principais artigos publicados dedicados à temática do exercício da profissão e na reflexão destes face à prática da investigação. Considerado um repositório fundamental para a análise das principais temáticas discutidas em Portugal, a observação dos artigos publicados no J-A permite, hoje, reunir considerações para lidar com a ainda complexa relação entre a prática e a teoria da Arquitetura. Serviu de complemento ao presente estudo, a recolha de testemunhos orais de arquitetos-investigadores que passaram pelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) - a primeira instituição pública que, no início da década de 1960, acolheu num mesmo campus diversos profissionais para pesquisar temáticas da Engenharia e da Arquitetura -, alguns dos quais ocupando lugares de chefia na edição do J-A e/ou publicando artigos sobre o exercício da profissão. Terão estes arquitetos-investigadores do LNEC, mais do que os restantes autores, reconhecido a importância da investigação para a atividade de projeto?

Abstract Since the beginning of the 20th century that, in Portugal, the definition and recognition of the architect's role is a concern of the class. This article discusses how research has been approached as a foundation for a more complete practice of this profession. In the last twenty years of the 20th century, who focused on the practice of the profession of architect? Given the number of architects in Portugal, do they publicly recognize the importance of research as a support for the project activity? Methodologically, the study is based on the analysis of the Portuguese magazine Jornal Arquitectos (J-A, 1981-2000), namely in the identification of the main articles about architecture practice and in their reflection about research. Considered a fundamental repository for the analysis of the main themes discussed in Portugal, the scrutiny of the articles published in J-A allows, today, to gather considerations to deal with the still complex relationship between the practice and theory of Architecture. The collection of oral testimonies from some of the leading architect-researchers who once worked at the Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering - the first public institution that, since the early 1960s, brought together in the same campus several professionals to research engineering and architecture themes - served as a complement to this study. Some of these architect-researchers occupied leading positions in the edition of the J-A and/or participated in the publication of articles on the exercise of the profession.

O presente artigo procura contribuir para um melhor conhecimento acerca da investigação científica e técnica em ‘Arquitetura e Urbanismo' desenvolvida no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e publicada, a nível nacional, fora desta instituição na imprensa portuguesa da especialidade. Este estudo centra-se no levantamento de artigos assinados por técnicos desta instituição publicados nas revistas Arquitectura (1946-1984), Binário (1958-1977) e Técnica (1946-1983). No panorama editorial português, estas três publicações periódicas foram as que, entre os anos 40 e 80 do século XX, mais contribuíram para a divulgação de temáticas relacionadas com a arquitetura e a engenharia, tendo ainda permitido, conforme aqui se relata, a publicação de alguns estudos desenvolvidos no LNEC, expondo-os a uma maior audiência.

The present article promotes an analysis of scientific and technical research developed at the Portuguese National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC), published in the Portuguese journals Arquitectura (1946-1984), Binário (1958-1977) and Técnica (1946-1983), which did not belong to LNEC. In the Portuguese editorial panorama, between the 1940s and 1980s, these three periodicals allowed the dissemination of the thematic of architecture and engineering, including the results of the research developed at LNEC, which contribute to expose such knowledge to a wider audience. This article identifies the authors/researchers who have published in these three journals, the links that they have kept with LNEC, and discloses the thematics established by those researchers, in order to disseminate the scientific research in 'Architecture and Urbanism' developed in this State Laboratory and published in the Portuguese press.

Home mechanical ventilation requires equipment, consisting of a generator of pressure, a tubing and an interface to deliver air to the patient. Instructions for equipment maintenance are generally not based on scientific evidence. Studies however have reported that tubing and masks used at home are the most commonly found as very dirty and contaminated. Dirtiness and contamination of equipment potentially expose patients to a higher risk of airway colonization, which, in turn, should cause respiratory infections. For this reason, published hygiene instructions include the use of disinfectant solution. Nevertheless, they generally fail to explain how basic maintenance may be achieved by simple cleaning with soap and water. The instructions for post-cleaning disinfection will depend upon the relative sensitivity of patients to respiratory tract infections and the related risks for bacterial colonization of the airways. Restrictive and obstructive disease patients are not equally sensitive to infections and, as a consequence, should not require similarly elaborate disinfection level. According with the restrictive or obstructive origin of respiratory insufficiency, the current educational review suggests simple and adequate rules for hygiene of tubing and masks in the home setting. Written instructions on how to clean the equipment for home ventilation are useful and sufficient in restrictive patients. In obstructive patients, cleaning always precedes disinfection. After cleaning, rinsing and drying are important. An effective weekly 20-minute disinfection may be achieved by using an hypochlorite solution of soaking in a concentration of 0.5%.