Resumen Objetivo: Identificar productos potenciales de mango como una alternativa para la producción de mango de comercialización limitada en la zona sur de Sinaloa. Metodología: Se implementaron dos primeras etapas: (1) Generación de alternativas de productos. (2) Selección de un producto. Resultados: En la Etapa 1 se identificaron: galleta rellena, ate y barra, por su facilidad de compra, contenido funcional e ingredientes naturales, siendo barra el producto con mayor potencial de éxito. En la Etapa 2, barras en presentaciones de amaranto, mezcla de frutos secos con chocolate y mezcla de cereales con yogurt, resultaron las más preferidas. Limitaciones: La identificación de atributos mediante encuestas puede ser subjetiva, por lo cual, se recomienda realizar pruebas sensoriales con consumidores. Conclusiones: Podemos anotar que los tres productos potenciales, y sus atributos, identificados fueron: (1) Barra de mezcla de frutos secos con chocolate fue preferida debido a su aporte de energía, facilidad de compra e ingredientes naturales. (2) Barra de amaranto resultó preferida por sus aportes de proteínas, carbohidratos, fibra, ingredientes naturales y precio. Finalmente, (3) Barra de mezcla de cereales con yogurt es preferida por remplazar una comida, contenido de fibra y contribución a la salud.

Abstract Objective: To identify potential mango products, as an alternative to take advantage of mango production that is not commercialized in the southern zone of Sinaloa. Methodology: Tow stages were implemented: (1) Generation of product alternatives. (2) Selection of a product. Results: In Stage 1, filled cookie, ate and bar were identified for their ease of purchase, functional content, and natural ingredients, with bar being the product with the greatest potential for success. In Stage 2, bars in amaranth, mixed nuts and chocolate and mixed cereal and yogurt presentations were the most preferred. Limitations: May be the identification of attributes through surveys can be subjective, so sensory testing with consumers is recommended. Conclusions: The three potential products and their attributes identified were: (1) mixed nuts and chocolate bar was preferred because of its energy contribution, ease of purchase and natural ingredients; (2) amaranth bar was preferred because of its protein, carbohydrates, fiber, natural ingredients, and price; and (3) mixed nuts and chocolate bar was preferred because of its protein, carbohydrates, fiber, natural ingredients, and price. Finally, (3) Cereal mix bar with yogurt was preferred for its meal replacement, fiber content and contribution to health.

ABSTRACT The behavior of marine currents in the Florida Straits was sampled by seven oceanographic moorings between 2012 and 2018. Using data from one of these moorings, the behavior of the Florida Current during said period was analyzed. The statistical parameters used in the research were: minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, anomalous values, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Current roses were obtained at different depths from the filtered data with a cut frequency of 48 hr-1. The maximum magnitude values of the Florida Current reached up to 2 m/s, with a movement towards the east-northeast or east. Absolute values of the anomalies in the study period 2012 -2018 did not exceed 0.15 m/s, and those of monthly anomalies alternated their sign in a biannual or triannual period. An extremely low linear correlation was detected between annual series for all depths of the analysis, with absolute Pearson correlation values lower than 0.31. Particularly, between August-2013 and August-2014, the Florida Current showed a slight tendency to slow down; and in the period August-2015 // August-2016, a predominance in its proximity to Cuba. No evidence was found of anomalous behavior of the Florida Current with respect to its historical behavior.

RESUMEN Entre 2012 y 2018 se monitoreó el comportamiento de las corrientes marinas en el Estrecho de La Florida mediante mediciones directas en siete anclajes oceanográficos. Con los datos de uno de estos anclajes se analizó el comportamiento de la Corriente de La Florida durante dicho periodo. Los estadígrafos empleados en el estudio fueron: mínimo, máximo, media, desviación estándar, valores anómalos y coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Se obtuvieron rosas de corrientes en diferentes profundidades con los datos filtrados con frecuencia de corte de 48 h-1. Los valores máximos de magnitud de la Corriente de La Florida alcanzaron hasta 2 m/s, predominando el movimiento hacia el estenoreste o el este. Los valores absolutos de las anomalías en el periodo de estudio 2012 -2018 no superaron 0,15 m/s y los de las anomalías mensuales alternaron su signo en un periodo bianual o trianual. Se detectó una muy baja correlación lineal entre series anuales para todas las profundidades de análisis, con valores absolutos de correlación de Pearson inferiores a 0,31. Particularmente, entre agosto-2013 y agosto-2014, la Corriente de La Florida mostró una ligera tendencia a su ralentización; y en el lapso agosto-2015//agosto-2016, un predominio en su acercamiento a Cuba. No se encontró evidencia de un comportamiento anómalo de la Corriente de La Florida con respecto a su comportamiento histórico.

Abstract Introduction: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard method, although one limitation is the size of the scan area. Objective: the objective was to verify the accuracy of body composition (BC) scanning through half-body DXA scanning compared to standard total body scanning. Methods: a study was conducted on 145 volunteers. Weight and height were assessed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. DXA was used for whole-body scan (WBS) and half-body scan (HBS). WBS was used as the reference method and the following indicators were extracted: bone mineral content (BMC), fat mass (FM), lean soft tissue (LST) and percentage fat mass (%FM). Results: no differences were observed in the body composition indicators (BMC, FM, LST and %FM) when compared between the reference WBS scanner and the HBS scanner. The predictive power between both scans ranged in both sexes between R2 = 0.94 and 0.98. The DRI desirable reproducibility index values defining the degree of agreement between both scans ranged from 0.97 to 0.99, and the values for precision (0.97 to 0.99) and accuracy (0.99) were high. Conclusion: HBS scanning by DXA evidenced agreement, and high values of accuracy and precision to assess body composition indicators (BMC, FM, LST and %FM).

Resumen Introducción: la absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía (DXA) es el método de referencia, aunque una limitación es el tamaño del área de exploración. Objetivo: el objetivo fue verificar la precisión de la exploración de la CB mediante la exploración DXA de medio cuerpo en comparación con la exploración estándar de todo el cuerpo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio con 145 voluntarios. Se evaluaron el peso y la altura. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se utilizó la DXA para la exploración de cuerpo entero (WBS) y la exploración de medio cuerpo (HBS). Se utilizó la PEP como método de referencia y se extrajeron los siguientes indicadores: contenido mineral óseo (CMO), masa grasa (MG), tejido blando magro (TBL) y porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG). Resultados: no se observaron diferencias en los indicadores de composición corporal (BMC, FM, LST y %FM) cuando se compararon entre el escáner WBS de referencia y el escáner HBS. El poder predictivo entre ambos escáneres osciló en ambos sexos entre R2 = 0,94 y 0,98. Los valores del índice de reproducibilidad deseable DRI que definen el grado de acuerdo entre ambas exploraciones oscilaron entre 0,97 y 0,99, y los valores de precisión (0,97 a 0,99) y exactitud (0,99) fueron altos. Conclusión: la exploración de HBS mediante DXA evidenció concordancia y altos valores de exactitud y precisión para evaluar los indicadores de composición corporal (BMC, FM, LST y %FM).

The international regulatory framework on the right to education of adolescents deprived of freedom establishes guarantees for its compliance. This paper aims to analyze the main research trends in relation to pedagogical and legislative processes in education, referred to juvenile penal systems in Latin American countries, Spain, and the United States. To that end, Texts produced between 2018 and 2022 were examined. 50 articles attestable in the Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebsco, and ProQuest databases were also explored. These sources focus on legal and educational concepts framed within reconsiderations about language, and through totalizing and discriminatory categories. The sources advocate developing lines of action focused on the restorative process. Despite the great progress in the defense of human rights within the socio-educational care units for judicialized adolescents, violent practices are still perceivable. In consequence, interventions not only with youngsters but with the others involved are to be carried out, namely: society, State, family, and others, in order to guide educational practices and work.

El marco normativo internacional sobre el derecho de la educación del adolescente privado de la libertad establece garantías para su cumplimiento. El artículo analiza las principales tendencias investigativas en relación con los procesos pedagógicos y legislativos en educación, referidos a los sistemas penales juveniles en países de América Latina, España y Estados Unidos. Se examinan textos producidos entre 2018 y 2022, 50 artículos resultados de investigaciones y presentes en las bases de datos Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebsco y ProQuest. Esas investigaciones se enfocan en conceptos jurídicos y educativos enmarcados en cuestionamientos sobre el lenguaje y mediante categorías totalizantes y discriminatorias. Las investigaciones abogan por desarrollar líneas de acción enfocadas en el proceso restaurativo, por lo tanto, a pesar del gran avance en la defensa de los derechos humanos dentro de las unidades de atención socioeducativa para adolescentes judicializados, aún e presentan prácticas de violencia. Por lo tanto, se considera oportuno realizar intervenciones no solo con los jóvenes, sino con los demás implicados: sociedad, Estado, familia y otros, en aras de orientar las prácticas y el trabajo educativo.

Resumen Peronospora tabacina es considerado el principal factor limitante en la producción de tabaco mundialmente. En México, la información sobre la diversidad genética de este patógeno es escasa; por lo que, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar 12 microsatélites en 20 aislados recolectados en los estados de Nayarit, Chiapas y Veracruz. Se realizó la amplificación por PCR y secuenciación de estos microsatélites; así como el alineamiento y comparación de las secuencias depositadas en la base de datos del GenBank. Diecinueve aislados mostraron amplificación para los 12 microsatélites evaluados; mientras que, en uno de los aislados no se observó la amplificación de dos microsatélites, pudiéndose determinar que las cepas de P. tabacina presentes en México son genéticamente homogéneas. Se observaron regiones de dinucleótidos, la mayoría correspondientes a motivos repetidos (GT)n o variaciones (TG)n, también se visualizaron motivos (AC)n, (CA)n, (AT)n y (AG)n. Los aislados analizados en este estudio, pueden considerarse productos de líneas clonales por lo que no se observó diversidad genética en dichos aislados.

Abstract Peronospora tabacina is considered the main limiting factor in tobacco production worldwide. In Mexico, information on the genetic diversity of this pathogen is scarce; therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate 12 microsatellites in 20 isolates collected in the states of Nayarit, Chiapas, and Veracruz. PCR amplification and sequencing of these microsatellites were performed; as well as the alignment and comparison of the sequences deposited in the GenBank database. A total of 19 isolates showed amplification for the 12 microsatellites evaluated, while in one of the isolates, the amplification of two microsatellites was not observed, it being possible to determine that P. tabacina isolates present in Nayarit, Chiapas, and Veracruz are genetically homogeneous. Regions of dinucleotides were observed, most corresponding to (GT)n repeat motifs or (TG)n variations, as well as (AC)n, (CA)n, (AT)n and (AG)n motifs. The isolates analyzed in this study can be considered products of clonal lines, therefore no genetic diversity was found in these isolates.

Resumen La seguridad alimentaria es la disponibilidad, acceso, utilización y estabilidad de los alimentos en apoyo a la salud y nutrición, lo que contribuye a satisfacer las necesidades de personas y grupos sociales. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la diversidad de las especies vegetales y animales de traspatio y su contribución al mantenimiento familiar en comunidades de Chiapas y Tabasco. Para esto, se encuestaron 180 productores en 50 comunidades de Chiapas y de Tabasco. Los resultados muestran que las ornamentales de mayor importancia fueron cebollín, tulipán y rosas (Fr = 15.8%, 14.0%, 11.4%, respectivamente); las plantas medicinales fueron el maguey morado, sábila, albahaca y orégano (UST es 46.1%, 28.9%, 26.7%, 18.9%); y los árboles frutales con mayor valor fueron cítricos, mango, plátano y aguacate (Fr = 22.1%, 17.2%, 10.7%, 6.1%). Además, se encontró que las aves son las de mayor presencia en los traspatios por ser una fuente de proteína e ingresos. Se concluye que la diversidad biológica representada en los traspatios contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria en las dimensiones de acceso, utilización y disponibilidad.

Abstract Food security is the availability, access, use, and stability of food in support of health and nutrition, which contributes to meeting the needs of individuals and social groups. The objective of this research was to determine the diversity of backyard plant and animal species and their contribution to family maintenance in communities of Chiapas and Tabasco. To this end, 180 producers in 50 communities of Chiapas and Tabasco were surveyed. Results show that the most important ornamentals were chives, tulips, and roses (Fr = 15.8%, 14.0%, 11.4%, respectively); the medicinal plants found were purple maguey, aloe vera, basil, and oregano (UST is 46.1%, 28.9%, 26.7%, 18.9%); and the fruit trees with the highest value were citrus, mango, banana, and avocado (Fr = 22.1%, 17.2%, 10.7%, 6.1%). Moreover, birds appeared to be more present because they are a source of protein and income. It is concluded that the biological diversity represented in backyards contributes to food security in the dimensions of access, use, and availability.

ABSTRACT No-till vegetable farming is a feasible alternative to reduce erosion-induced losses and to increase soil nutrient availability, because cover crop residue protects the soil and its decomposition promotes nutrient cycling, which can improve the yield of the subsequent crop. The present study assessed the production and decomposition of cover crops and the agronomic performance of broccoli grown on this residue using different nitrogen doses in a no-till system. A randomized block design was used, in a split-split plot arrangement of main plots (cover crops), sub-plots (N doses) and sub-sub plots (decomposition times), with four repetitions. Seven cover crops were studied, as follows: [1) signal grass (SG); 2) sunn hemp (SH); 3) pearl millet (PM): 4) SG+SH; 5) SG+PM; 6) SH+PM and 7) SG+SH+PM]; in addition to four doses of nitrogen topdressing [T1) no N application (control); T2) 60 kg/ha N; T3) 90 kg/ha N and T4) 120 kg/ha N]; and five cover crop residue decomposition times: zero (cutting), 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT) the broccoli seedlings. Cover crop dry weight (DW) production, residue decomposition, and the head fresh (HFW) and dry weight (HDW) and yield (YLD) of broccoli were assessed. Among the cover crops, sunn hemp and the intercropped SG+SH treatment exhibited the lowest DW production and, along with signal grass, the shortest half-life (T½) and highest residue decomposition rate. The best-performing broccoli plants were those grown using PM, SH and a combination of both as cover crops. The highest broccoli production was obtained using sunn hemp residue, regardless of nitrogen topdressing, with HFW of 788 g/plant and YLD of 30 t/ha.

RESUMO O plantio direto de hortaliças tem sido uma alternativa viável para diminuir as perdas causadas pela erosão e aumentar a disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo, pois a manutenção da palha na superfície protege o solo e, com a decomposição destes resíduos, ocorre a ciclagem de nutrientes. Esse fato pode proporcionar aumento da produtividade das culturas em sucessão. Neste estudo avaliou-se a produção e a decomposição dos resíduos de plantas de cobertura e o desempenho agronômico do brócolis cultivado sobre estes resíduos e com diferentes doses de adubação nitrogenada em sistema de plantio direto. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas (doses de N) e sub-subdivididas (tempos de decomposição), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados sete tipos de cobertura, sendo 1) braquiária (B); 2) crotalária (C); 3) milheto (M); 4) consórcio B+C; 5) B+M; 6) C+M e 7) B+C+M. Foram avaliados também 4 doses de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, sendo T1) sem aplicação de N (controle); T2) 60 kg/ha de N; T3) 90 kg/ha de N e T4) 120 kg/ha de N. Ainda, avaliamos cinco tempos de decomposição dos resíduos das plantas de cobertura, sendo: zero (manejo), 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o transplante das mudas de brócolis. Foram avaliados a produção de massa seca (MS) das coberturas, decomposição dos resíduos, massa fresca (MFC) e seca das cabeças (MSC) e produtividade (PROD) na cultura do brócolis. Crotalária e o consorcio B+C apresentaram a menor produção de MS e junto com a braquiária o menor T½ vida e maior taxa de decomposição dos resíduos. O melhor desempenho do brócolis ocorreu quando as plantas foram cultivadas sobre os resíduos de M, C e nos consórcios destas plantas como coberturas. A maior produção de brócolis ocorreu no cultivo sob os resíduos de crotalária, independente da adição ou não de adubo nitrogenado em cobertura, com MFC de 788 g/planta e PROD de 30 t/ha.

ABSTRACT No-till planting and the use of organomineral fertilizers are crop management practices that increase soil organic matter, thereby mitigating leaching and cycling a considerable amount of nutrients, with the potential to improve crop yield. This study aimed to assess the agronomic performance of cabbage grown under a no-till system, using different cover crops and phosphorus sources. A randomized block design was used, with the main plot consisting of eight split plots for different cover crop treatments: 1) Signal grass (SG); 2) Sunn hemp (SH); 3) Pearl millet (PM); 4) SG+SH; 5) SG+PM; 6) SH+PM; 7) SG+SH+PM; 8) conventional tillage (soil preparation with no cover crop), and phosphorus (P) sources in the sub-plots: 1) mineral fertilizer (FM); 2) organomineral fertilizer (OF); 3) no P, with four repetitions. The following characteristics were assessed: cover crop fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) (t/ha), residue decomposition and nutrient cycling; and cabbage head FW and DW (HFW and HDW) (g/plant) and yield (YLD) (t/ha). The highest FW and DW were recorded in the intercropped cover plant treatments; PM+SH and SG+SH residue exhibited the highest decomposition rate and P cycling into the soil. The highest cabbage HFW and YLD occurred in the SG+SH treatment, regardless of the fertilizer used. The MF used as P source produced a greater cabbage YLD when grown in PM residue. Under conventional tillage, YLD was higher when OF was used as P source.

RESUMO O cultivo em sistema de plantio direto e a utilização de fertilizantes organominerais são práticas de manejo que amenizam a lixiviação e ciclam quantidades consideráveis de nutrientes, em virtude do aporte de matéria orgânica que proporcionam ao solo, e que podem melhorar o rendimento das culturas. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico do repolho cultivado sobre diferentes resíduos de plantas coberturas e fontes de fósforo em sistema de plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com oito tratamentos com plantas de cobertura na parcela principal: 1) Braquiária (B); 2) Crotalária (C); 3) Milheto (M); 4) B+C; 5) B+M; 6) C+M; 7) B+C+M; 8) cultivo convencional (preparo do solo sem planta de cobertura). Nas subparcelas avaliou-se as fontes de fósforo (P): 1) Fertilizante mineral (FM); 2) Fertilizante organomineral (FO); 3) Sem fornecimento de P, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se a produção de massa fresca (MF) e seca (MS) (t/ha) das plantas de cobertura; decomposição e ciclagem de nutrientes dos resíduos; MF e MS da cabeça (MFC e MSC) (g/planta) e a produtividade (PROD) (t/ha) do repolho. As maiores produções de MF e MS ocorreram nos consórcios das plantas de cobertura; Os consórcios de M+C, B+C apresentaram os resíduos com maior taxa de decomposição e ciclagem de P para o solo. Os maiores valores de MFC e PRODs do repolho ocorreram nas áreas cultivadas sobre resíduos do consórcio B+C, independentemente da fertilização utilizada. O FM utilizado como fonte de P proporcionou maior PROD do repolho quando cultivado sobre o resíduo de milheto. Quando em cultivo convencional do solo, a PROD do repolho foi superior quando utilizado o FO como fonte de P.

RESUMEN El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es describir el tratamiento percutáneo de un absceso localizado en el músculo psoas, entidad poco frecuente y presentación clínica inespecífica lo que constituye un desafío diagnóstico. Su detección ha mejorado con la utilización de técnicas de imagen. La fiebre, dolor abdominal y del miembro inferior ipsilateral son las manifestaciones habituales. La antibioticoterapia junto al drenaje (percutáneo o quirúrgico) debe considerarse el tratamiento de elección.

ABSTRACT The objective of the following study is to describe the percutaneous treatment of psoas muscle abscess, a rare entity with nonspecific clinical presentation, which stands as a diagnostic challenge. Its detection has improved with the use of imaging modalities. Fever, abdominal pain, and ipsilateral lower limb pain are the most common clinical signs. Antibiotic therapy together with drainage (percutaneous or surgical) should be considered the treatment of choice.

ABSTRACT The use of organomineral fertilizers (OF) in the cultivation of vegetables has been considered a promising technology to provide nutrients gradually. The OFs can reduce the phosphorous (P) soil adsorption and leaching of nitrogen and potassium with the supply of some micronutrients. This study aimed to evaluate doses of OF as a source of P and micronutrients (boron and zinc) for curly lettuce cultivation. Five OF doses were evaluated: T1 = 0% (no P2O5 fertilization); T2 = 50% (75 mg/dm3 of P2O5); T3 = 100% (150 mg/dm3 of P2O5); T4 = 150% (225 mg/dm3 of P2O5); T5 = 200% (300 mg/dm3 of P2O5) of the lettuce recommended fertilization; T6 = 100% mineral fertilizer (MF) (150 mg/dm3 of P2O5). The fresh (FM) and dry mass (DM) of the lettuce shoot (aerial part), the soil nutrient level, and the plant nutritional status at harvest were evaluated. We observed that (i) the doses of 225 and 300 mg/dm3 of P2O5 via OF provided the same availability of P in the soil as the dose of 150 mg/dm3 of P2O5 of MF; (ii) the doses of 225 and 300 mg/dm3 of P2O5 of OF provided higher levels of soil boron and zinc compared to other treatments and (iii) the MF fertilization was more efficient than that of OF in the production of curly lettuce in a protected environment.

RESUMO A utilização dos fertilizantes organominerais no cultivo das hortaliças vem sendo considerada como uma das tecnologias promissoras para fornecer nutrientes de forma lenta e gradual, diminuindo os problemas com adsorção de fósforo e lixiviação de nitrogênio e potássio, com fornecimento de alguns micronutrientes. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o uso de diferentes doses de fertilizante organomineral (FO) como fonte fósforo (P) e micronutrientes no cultivo da alface crespa. No delineamento de blocos ao acaso, foram avaliadas cinco doses de FO: T1 = 0,0% (sem adubação com P2O5); T2 = 50% (75 mg/dm3 de P2O5); T3 = 100% (150 mg/dm3 de P2O5); T4 = 150% (225 mg/dm3 de P2O5); T5 = 200% (300 mg/dm3 de P2O5) da dose recomendada para a cultura, mais um tratamento adicional: T6 = adubação 100% fertilizante mineral (FM) (150 mg/dm3 de P2O5), todos com 4 repetições. Avaliou-se a matéria fresca (MF) e seca (MS) da parte aérea das plantas de alface, o teor de nutrientes no solo e o estado nutricional na planta no momento da colheita. Observou-se que as doses de 225 e 300 mg/dm3 de P2O5 via FO proporcionaram a mesma disponibilidade de P no solo que a dose de 150 mg/dm3 de P2O5 de FM; as doses de 225 e 300 mg/dm3 de P2O5 de FO proporcionaram teores superiores de boro e zinco no solo, em relação aos outros tratamentos utilizados; A adubação com FM se mostrou mais eficiente que a de FO na produção da alface crespa em ambiente protegido.

Abstract Salmonella is a pathogenic bacterium considered a threat to the food industry, its timely detection being relevant. The objective of the study was to evaluate the real-time polymerase chain reaction coupled to immunomagnetic separation (rtPCR-IMS) as an alternative method to the Official Mexican Standard (NOM-114-SSA1-1994) for the detection of Salmonella in beef. The parameters evaluated were limit of detection, sensitivity, specificity, selectivity (inclusivity and exclusivity) and degree of agreement between both methods for the detection of Salmonella in presumptive and artificially contaminated beef samples. The incidence of Salmonella in presumptive beef samples (n= 60) ranged from 20.0 to 21.6 % by both methods. In the inoculated samples (n= 60), the detection rate of Salmonella by rtPCR-IMS (93.3 %) and NOM-114-SSA1-1994 (98.3 %) showed a match of 56 occasions with a negative deviation. The comparison of rtPCR-IMS and NOM-114-SSA1-1994 in beef reported an accuracy of 98.3 %, sensitivity of 98.2 %, specificity of 100 % and selectivity of 100 %. The limit of detection for both methods was 1-5 CFU·25 g-1 of beef. The statistical analysis indicates that the rtPCR-IMS is equivalent to the reference method for the detection of Salmonella in beef. These results warn of the high incidence of Salmonella in beef and propose rtPCR-IMS as an ideal and fast method for the control of Salmonella in the meat industry.

Resumen Salmonella es una bacteria patógena considerada una amenaza para la industria alimentaria, siendo relevante su detección oportuna. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la reacción en cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real acoplado a separación inmunomagnética (rtPCR-IMS) como método alternativo a la Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM-114-SSA1-1994) para la detección de Salmonella en carne de res. Los parámetros evaluados fueron límite de detección, sensibilidad, especificidad, selectividad (inclusión y exclusividad), y grado de concordancia entre ambos métodos para la detección de Salmonella en muestras de carne de res presuntivas y contaminadas artificialmente. La incidencia de Salmonella en las muestras presuntivas de carne (n= 60) osciló de 20.0 a 21.6 % por ambos métodos. En las muestras inoculadas (n= 60), la tasa de detección de Salmonella por rtPCR-IMS (93.3 %) y NOM-114-SSA1-1994 (98.3 %) mostró una coincidencia de 56 ocasiones con una desviación negativa. La comparación de rtPCR-IMS y NOM-114-SSA1-1994 en carne de res reportó una exactitud de 98.3 %, sensibilidad de 98.2 %, especificidad de 100 % y selectividad de 100 %. El límite de detección para ambos métodos fue 1-5 UFC·25 g-1 de carne. El análisis estadístico indica que el rtPCR-IMS es equivalente al método de referencia para la detección de Salmonella en carne de res. Estos resultados advierten la alta incidencia de Salmonella en carne de res y proponen al rtPCR-IMS como un método idóneo y rápido para el control de Salmonella en la industria cárnica.

ABSTRACT Phytophthora infestans is the most important disease in potato crops. Its control is based on the use of chemical products that have developed pathogen resistance and high economic and environmental impacts. To reduce these effects, the use of plant varieties or cultivars resistant to this pathogen has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heritability of resistance to this pathogen in a population of elite Solanum phureja genotypes. In this study, 1,355 clones with three replicates from 20 families were included in the evaluation. Heritability was assessed in the broad and narrow senses. Results of the relative area under the disease progress curve varied between 0.08 and 0.64, indicating that the population contains genes that code for resistance. Heritability in both directions (narrow 0.022 and broad 0.255) showed significant differences, indicating an influence of dominance genetic effects and environmental effects. Thus, to use these genotypes in potato breeding programs, hybridization methods should be used instead of selection methods.

Abstract Background: Dry Forest can be recovered with restoration plantings. Selection of tree species for restoration plantings depends on its successful performance under the adverse conditions of degraded areas. Hypotheses: Early-successional legume species have higher survival in degraded areas. Studied species: Twelve native tree species from the dry forest. Study site and dates: Pastures excluded from cattle ranching activities in Quilamula, Tlaquiltenango, Morelos, Mexico for 28 months, from July 2017 to October 2019. Methods: Experimental plantings of 12 tree species (N= 1,080 juveniles). Survival was registered in October 2017, June and October 2018, and in October 2019. Results: Early-successional tree species showed higher survival (27 %) than late- successional species (20 %). Legumes showed higher survival (25 %) than non-legumes (22 %). Early non-legume species and late-successional legumes had similar and higher survival (> 30 %) than early-successional legume species (< 18 %). Conclusions: To ensure the success of restoration plantings and accelerate the recovery of the forest, it is suggested to plant a mix of early-successional species (i.e., Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit) and as many late-successional legumes and non-legumes species as possible.

Resumen Antecedentes: La selva estacionalmente seca se puede recuperar usando plantaciones de restauración. La selección de especies para las plantaciones depende de su desempeño exitoso en las condiciones adversas de los sitios degradados. Hipótesis: Las especies leguminosas de estados sucesionales tempranos muestran mayor sobrevivencia en sitios degradados. Especies de estudio: Doce especies de árboles nativos de la selva estacional. Sitio y años de estudio: Pastizales excluidos de la ganadería en Quilamula, Tlaquiltenango, Morelos, México durante 28 meses, de julio del 2017 a octubre del 2019. Métodos: Plantaciones experimentales para las 12 especies (N = 1,080 plantas). Se registró la supervivencia en octubre del 2017, junio y octubre del 2018 y en octubre del 2019 Resultados: Las especies sucesionales tempranas mostraron mayor supervivencia (27 %) que las tardías (20 %). Las leguminosas mostraron mayor supervivencia (25 %) que las no-leguminosas (22 %). Las especies tempranas no-leguminosas y las tardías leguminosas presentaron una supervivencia similar y esta fue mayor (> 30 %) que la de las especies leguminosas tempranas (< 18 %). Conclusiones: Para asegurar el éxito de plantaciones de restauración y acelerar la velocidad de recuperación se sugiere sembrar mezclas de especies sucesionales tempranas (i.e., Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. y Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit) y la mayor cantidad posible de especies sucesionales tardías, leguminosas y no-leguminosas.

RESUMO O manejo do espaçamento entre plantas na melancia altera a competição das plantas por água, luz e nutrientes, pois a população de plantas influencia a produtividade da cultura, a morfologia do fruto e a qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o manejo do espaçamento entre plantas de dois híbridos de melancia quanto à morfologia, produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Híbridos de melancia (NUN 21613 e NUN 21901) e os espaçamentos entre plantas (0,60, 0,80 e 1,0 m) e 2,5 m entre linhas de plantio foram estudados, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, com cinco repetições. Firmeza do fruto, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, notas visuais e sensoriais aos 0, 7 e 14 dias após a colheita, comprimento do ramo principal da planta, massa fresca do fruto, número de frutos por planta e hectare e rendimento foram avaliados de agosto a dezembro de 2018. O maior espaçamento de plantio proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo, maior produtividade e maior resistência do fruto da melancia à deterioração após a colheita. As características físico-químicas e sensoriais dos frutos não foram afetadas pelos espaçamentos e híbridos da melancia neste estudo.

ABSTRACT Plant spacing management in watermelon alters plant competition for water, light, and nutrients, influencing fruit yield, morphology, and quality. The study aimed to evaluate the spacing management between plants of two watermelon hybrids in terms of morphology and fruit yield and quality. Two watermelon hybrids (NUN 21613 and NUN 21901) and three plant spacings (0.60, 0.80 and 1.0 m with 2,5 m between rows) were studied in a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme with five replications. Fruit firmness, the content of total soluble solids, visual, and sensorial notes at 0, 7 and 14 days after harvest, length of the main branch of the plant, fresh fruit mass, number of fruits per plant and per hectare, and fruit yield were evaluated from August to December 2018. The greater planting spacing provided better vegetative development, higher yield, and increased resistance of the watermelon fruit to deterioration after harvest. The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits were not affected by the spacing and hybrids of watermelon in this study.