Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la influencia que ejerce la granulometría del lecho del río, la forma de la pila de un puente y los parámetros hidrológicos en la profundidad de socavación, a partir de un modelo físico. Para el desarrollo experimental se empleó un suelo granular proveniente de río al que se le realizaron ensayos de laboratorio para determinar la distribución del tamaño de las partículas, empleando materiales cuya clasificación, según el sistema unificado de clasificación de suelos (USCS, por sus siglas en inglés) es SP (arena mal gradada), SW (arena bien gradada), SP-SC (arena mal gradada con arcilla). Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis estadístico con el fin de determinar las diferencias significativas entre cada una de las variables y su influencia en dicho proceso. Se encontró que existe una fuerte relación entre la forma de la pila, el caudal y la granulometría, con las características hidrodinámicas del flujo cuando pasa por las pilas, así como en la profundidad de socavación.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to establish the influence of river bed granulometry, bridge pile shape, and hydrologic parameters on scour depth based on a physical model. For the experimental development, granular soil from a river was used and laboratory tests were carried out to determine the particle size distribution using materials whose classification, according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), is SP (poorly graded sand) SW (well-graded sand), SP-SC (poorly graded sand with clay). In addition, a statistical analysis was performed to determine the significant differences between each of the variables and their influence on the process. It was found that there is a strong relationship between the shape of the pile, flow rate, and granulometry, with the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow as it passes through the piles, as well as the scour depth.

ABSTRACT In 2018, the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection, in collaboration with the National Health Institute and the Pan American Health Organization, convened all actors associated with the National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Program (PNPCT) and the National Science, Technology, and Innovation System to form a national network to coordinate operations research on tuberculosis (TB) in the country. Seven workshops were held and a consensus was reached to establish the National Network for Knowledge Management, Research, and Innovation in Tuberculosis in Colombia (TB Colombia Network). With more than 180 participants, a central node, and five regional nodes that bring together the country’s 37 territorial entities, the TB Colombia Network conducted four days of training in operations research in 2019, defining 65 priority research topics aligned with the strategic lines in the PNPCT: prevention and comprehensive care, with a focus on people affected by TB (41 topics in three modules); and political commitment, social protection, and support systems (24 topics in four modules). The peer comparison method was used for prioritization. The TB Colombia Network remains active and contributes to knowledge management aimed at eliminating TB in Colombia. It has helped make progress in building plans and implementing local operations research projects that generate scientifically validated results to strengthen the PNPCT and improve the care of TB patients.

RESUMEN El Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia, en colaboración con el Instituto Nacional de Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, convocaron en 2018 a todos los actores asociados al Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis (PNPCT) y el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación a la conformación de una red nacional que coordinara la investigación operativa (IO) relacionada con la tuberculosis (TB) en el país. Se realizaron siete talleres en los que se llegó al consenso de establecer la Red Nacional de Gestión de Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Tuberculosis en Colombia (Red TB Colombia). Con más de 180 participantes, organizados en un nodo central y cinco nodos regionales que agrupan a las 37 entidades territoriales, en 2019 la Red TB Colombia realizó cuatro jornadas de capacitación en IO y definió 65 temas priorizados de investigación, ajustados a las líneas estratégicas establecidas por el PNPCT: prevención y atención integral, con foco en los afectados por la TB (41 temas en tres módulos) y compromiso político, protección social y sistemas de apoyo (24 temas en cuatro módulos). La priorización se realizó por el método de comparación por pares. La Red TB Colombia sigue activa y contribuye a la gestión del conocimiento dirigido a eliminar la TB en el país y ha permitido avanzar en la construcción de planes y la ejecución de proyectos locales de IO que generan resultados científicamente validados para fortalecer el PNPCT y mejorar la atención de los pacientes con TB.

RESUMO O Ministério da Saúde e Previdência Social da Colômbia, em cooperação com o Instituto Nacional de Saúde e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), convocou em 2018 todas as partes interessadas vinculadas ao Programa Nacional de Prevenção e Controle da Tuberculose (PNPCT) e ao Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para formar uma rede nacional com o objetivo de coordenar a pesquisa operacional em tuberculose no país. Foram promovidos sete seminários e, deste processo, se chegou a um consenso para criar a Rede Nacional de Gestão do Conhecimento, Pesquisa e Inovação em Tuberculose na Colômbia (Rede TB Colômbia). A rede conta com mais de 180 participantes, organizados em um núcleo central e cinco núcleos regionais que congregam 37 entidades territoriais. Em 2019, a Rede TB Colômbia realizou quatro jornadas de capacitação em pesquisa operacional e definiu 65 áreas temáticas prioritárias de pesquisa harmonizadas com as linhas estratégicas estabelecidas pelo PNPCT: prevenção e atenção integral com enfoque nas pessoas com TB (41 áreas temáticas divididas em três módulos) e compromisso político, proteção social e sistemas de apoio (24 áreas temáticas divididas em quatro módulos). A priorização foi definida pelo método de comparação pareada. A Rede TB Colômbia continua ativa contribuindo para a gestão do conhecimento voltado à eliminação da tuberculose no país e possibilitando avançar na formulação de planos e execução de projetos locais de pesquisa operacional com a produção de resultados científicos validados para fortalecer o PNPCT e melhorar a atenção das pessoas com TB.

ABSTRACT The neutralization of catalysts with hydrochloric acid is an important step in a biodiesel process which generates steel corrosion due to the decrease in pH, and the addition of chlorides in the medium. Other factor responsible for corrosion and consequently failures is the poor miscibility between biodiesel and acid water generating a heterogeneous coverage of the surface of the pipelines and equipment by biodiesel and acid water, presence of galvanic cells and localized corrosion. In this paper, corrosion failures of AISI 316L and 904L austenitic stainless steels (SS), and of SAF 2205, 2507 duplex SS in a biodiesel plant were identified and studied. The low pH, presence of chlorides, high thermal input in welding, temperature gradient and mainly proximity to the acid injection site play the major roles in corrosion which generate the studied failures. Corrosion failures occurred in pipes transporting biodiesel and acid water, in a spool of acid water injection, in a static biodiesel mixer with acidic water, in a cylindrical decanter vessel, and in heat exchangers.