RESUMO Introdução: Treino intermitente de alta intensidade (HIIT) se refere a múltiplos exercícios de alta intensidade num período curto de tempo. Objetivo: Estudar o impacto do treino de sprint intervalado (SIT) na capacidade atlética de jogadores de rúgbi de elite. Método: 36 jogadores de rúgbi do sexo masculino, de uma faculdade esportiva, foram selecionados. Eles foram divididos aleatoriamente entre treino de membros superiores (Grupo A), treino de membros inferiores (Grupo B), e treino de rotina (Grupo C – controle). O Grupo C recebeu treino de rotina por seis semanas. Os Grupos A e B acrescentaram ao treinamento de rotina um treino de SIT feito de acordo com o treino de membros inferiores e superiores realizado pelo grupo controle. Resultados: Depois do treinamento, o poder aeróbico máximo (MAP) dos Grupos A e C se mostrou significativamente mais elevado (p>0,05), enquanto a mieloperoxidase (MPO) dos membros inferiores do Grupo B foi mais alta (p<0,05). Parâmetros como capacidade de exercícios de sprint intermitente dos membros superiores e capacidade de exercícios aeróbicos dos membros inferiores não mudaram significativamente quando comparados antes e depois do treinamento (p>0,05). Conclusões: Jogadores de rúgbi de alto nível podem melhorar sua capacidade atlética de sprint intermitente nos membros inferiores e de exercícios aeróbicos nos membros superiores ao integrar diferentes métodos de treinamento SIT em seu treino diário. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação do resultado de tratamentos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) refers to multiple short-term high-intensity exercises. Objective: To study the impact of sprint interval training (SIT) on the athletic ability of elite rugby players. Method: 36 male rugby players from a sports college were selected. They were randomly divided into upper limb training (Group A), lower limb training (Group B), and routine training (Group C - control). Group C received routine training for six weeks. Groups A and B added SIT training based on Group C’s upper and lower limb training. Results: After training, the maximum aerobic power (MAP) in Groups A and C was significantly higher (P < 0.05), as well as the myeloperoxidase (MPO) of lower limbs in group B (P < 0.05). After completing 5 and 6 sets of SIT training, blood lactic acid (BLA) was lower in group B (P <0.05). Parameters such as upper limb intermittent sprint exercise capacity and lower-limb aerobic exercise capacity did not significantly change compared with the same parameters before training (P>0.05). Conclusions: Excellent male rugby players can improve their upper limb aerobic and lower limb intermittent sprint athletic ability by integrating different methods of SIT training into their daily training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) se refiere a múltiples ejercicios de alta intensidad en un periodo corto de tiempo. Objetivo: Estudiar el impacto del entrenamiento de sprint en intervalos (SIT) en la capacidad atlética de jugadores de rugby de elite. Método: Fueron seleccionados 36 jugadores del sexo masculino de una facultad deportiva. Estos fueron divididos aleatoriamente entre entrenamiento de miembros superiores (Grupo A), entrenamiento de miembros inferiores (Grupo B) y entrenamiento de rutina (Grupo C – control). El Grupo C recibió entrenamiento de rutina por seis semanas. Los Grupos A y B agregaron al entrenamiento de rutina un entrenamiento de SIT hecho de acuerdo con el entrenamiento de miembros inferiores y superiores realizado por el grupo control. Resultados: Después del entrenamiento, el poder aeróbico máximo (MAP) de los Grupos A y C se mostró significativamente más elevado (p>0,05), mientras que la mieloperoxidasa (MPO) de los miembros inferiores del Grupo B fue más alta (p<0,05). Parámetros como capacidad de ejercicios de sprint de intervalos de los miembros superiores y capacidad de ejercicios aeróbicos de los miembros inferiores no cambiaron significativamente cuando fueron comparados antes y después del entrenamiento (p>0,05). Conclusiones: Jugadores de rugby de alto nivel pueden mejorar su capacidad atlética de sprint de intervalos en los miembros inferiores y de ejercicios aeróbicos en los miembros superiores al integrar diferentes métodos de entrenamiento SIT en su ejercitamiento diario. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación del resultado de tratamientos.

RESUMO Introdução: O principal objetivo do exercício aeróbico é aumentar a resistência cardiopulmonar, por isso é necessário construir modelos de resposta de resistência cardiopulmonar baseados em diferentes frequências de exercício aeróbico. Objetivo: Estudar a resposta de resistência cardiopulmonar de mulheres em diferentes frequências de exercício aeróbio. Métodos: Vinte jovens profissionais de escritório (professoras e funcionárias públicas) que frequentavam uma academia foram divididas randomicamente em dois grupos. A função cardiopulmonar foi estudada e analisada antes e depois de 16 semanas de exercício aeróbico com diferentes cargas de exercício. Resultados: Depois de 16 semanas de exercícios aeróbicos com diferentes cargas, todas as jovens tiveram melhora significativa da capacidade vital (CV), sendo que a capacidade máxima de captação de oxigênio melhorou até certo ponto. Comparada com o grupo de exercícios aeróbicos de 45 minutos, a capacidade vital (CV) do grupo de exercícios aeróbicos de 90 minutos foi significativamente maior (P > 0,05). Conclusões: Quando praticado com frequência regular, o exercício aeróbico com carga relativamente alta pode melhorar o desenvolvimento da função respiratória. Isso pode dever-se à estimulação profunda do sistema respiratório a partir de exercícios aeróbicos de alta carga e, em última instância,é devidoao exercício intensivo da função pulmonar. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The main purpose of aerobic exercise is to enhance cardiopulmonary endurance, so it is necessary to build cardiopulmonary endurance response models based on different frequencies of aerobic exercise. Objective: To study the cardiopulmonary endurance response of women to different frequencies of aerobic exercise. Methods: Twenty young female desk workers (female teachers and civil servants) who worked out at a fitness club were randomly divided into two groups. Cardiopulmonary function, both before and after 16 weeks of aerobic exercise at different exercise loads, was studied and analyzed. Results: After 16 weeks of aerobic exercise at different exercise loads, all the young women had significantly improved their vital capacity (VC), and their maximum oxygen uptake ability was improved to a certain extent. Compared with the 45-minute aerobic exercise group, the vital capacity (VC)of 90-minute aerobic exercise group was significantly increased (P>0.05). Conclusions: When performed at a consistent frequency level, aerobic exercise with a relatively high exercise load can better develop the body’s respiratory system function. This may be due to deep stimulation of the respiratory system from high-load aerobic exercise, and ultimately to the intensive exercising of lung function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: El principal objetivo del ejercicio aeróbico es aumentar la resistencia cardiopulmonar, por lo que es necesario desarrollar modelos de respuesta de resistencia cardiopulmonar basados en diferentes frecuencias de ejercicio aeróbico. Objetivo: Estudiar la respuesta de resistencia cardiopulmonar de mujeres a diferentes frecuencias de ejercicio aeróbico. Métodos: Veinte jóvenes profesionales de oficina (profesoras y funcionarias públicas) que asistían a un gimnasio fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Se estudió y analizó la función cardiopulmonar antes y después de 16 semanas de ejercicio aeróbico con diferentes cargas de ejercicio. Resultados: Después de 16 semanas de ejercicio aeróbico con diferentes cargas, todas las mujeres jóvenes presentaron una mejora significativa de la capacidad vital (CV), siendo que la capacidad máxima de captación de oxígeno mejoró en cierta medida. En comparación con el grupo de ejercicio aeróbico de 45 minutos, la capacidad vital (CV) del grupo de ejercicio aeróbico de 90 minutos fue significativamente mayor (P > 0,05). Conclusiones: Cuando se practica con una frecuencia regular, el ejercicio aeróbico con una carga relativamente alta puede mejorar el desarrollo de la función respiratoria. Ello puede deberse a la profunda estimulación del sistema respiratorio por el ejercicio aeróbico de alta carga y, en última instancia, al ejercicio intensivo de la función pulmonar. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract The phenolic compounds in dried Lycium barbarum (LB) and L. barbarum meal (LBM) were extracted using ultrasonic method, reflux method and enzymatic method, and the composition, content of polyphenols and antioxidant abilities of the extracts were analyzed. 40 phenolic compounds were identified with HPLC-MS/MS, with 35 compounds detected from LB and 33 from LBM. 40 compounds were classified into phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, and their derivatives, lignanamides and other phenolic substances. Differences existed in samples extracted from different materials or under different extraction methods. It was explicitly observed that LB was higher than LBM in phenolic content. The phenolics in LB and LBM had significant antioxidant effects, with LBM extracts showing the higher antioxidant effect. This study compared the differences in polyphenols of L. barbarum and its meal, meanwhile explored the effects of different extraction methods, which could contribute to the exploitation of L. barbarum and its meal.

RESUMO Objetivo: Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre alfabetização em saúde e comportamentos de estilo de vida para intervir entre estudantes universitários chineses. Método: O questionário Chinese eHealth Literacy Scale (C-eHEALS) foi usado para investigar o nível de alfabetização em saúde e a associação com comportamentos de estilo de vida entre estudantes universitários chineses. O teste t de amostra independente e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foram usados pelo software estatístico SPSS v20. Resultados: Na primeira etapa, participaram 5.151 estudantes universitários, sendo 71,46% do sexo feminino e 28,54% do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 22 anos (93,13%). Quatro comportamentos de estilo de vida (exercícios, fumar, beber e dormir) foram todos significativamente correlacionados com os escores de alfabetização em saúde e demonstraram diferenças significativas. Na segunda investigação (N = 2.939), a pontuação média de alfabetização em saúde foi de 31,64 ± 6,44, uma melhoria notável em comparação com a primeira investigação. Conclusão Aqueles do grupo com pontuações altas de alfabetização em saúde têm um estilo de vida mais saudável que aqueles do grupo com pontuação baixa. A formação em recursos relacionados com a saúde é uma medida positiva para melhorar a alfabetização em saúde dos estudantes universitários.

ABSTRACT Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the association between eHealth literacy and lifestyle behaviors to intervene among Chinese university students. Method: The Chinese eHealth Literacy Scale (C-eHEALS) questionnaire was used to investigate the eHealth literacy level and association with lifestyle behaviors among Chinese university students. Independent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used by statistical software SPSS v20. Results: In the first round, 5,151 university students participated in the study, including 71.46% female and 28.54% male, aged 18–22 (93.13%).The average eHealth literacy score was 26.81 ± 5.83. Four lifestyle behaviors (e.g., exercise, smoking, drinking and sleeping) were all significantly correlated with eHealth literacy scores and demonstrated significant differences. In the second investigation (N = 2,939), the average eHealth literacy score was 31.64 ± 6.44, a notable improvement compared with the first investigation. Conclusion: Those in the group with high eHealth literacy scores have a healthier lifestyle than those in the low-score group. Training in eHealth-related resources is a positive measure to improve university students’ eHealth literacy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la alfabetización en salud y los comportamientos de estilo de vida para las intervenciones de estudiantes universitarios chinos. Método: Para investigar el nivel de alfabetización en salud y su asociación con los comportamientos de estilo de vida se utilizó el cuestionario Escala de Alfabetización China en Cibermedicina (C-eHEALS). La prueba t de la muestra independiente y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson se llevaron a cabo con el software estadístico SPSS v20. Resultados: En la primera etapa participaron 5.151 estudiantes universitarios, 71,46% mujeres y 28,54% hombres, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 22 años (93,13%). Cuatro conductas de estilo de vida (ejercicio, fumar, beber y dormir) se correlacionaron significativamente con las puntuaciones de Alfabetización en Salud y mostraron diferencias significativas. En la segunda investigación (N = 2.939), la puntuación media de la alfabetización sanitaria fue de 31,64 ± 6,44, lo que supone una notable mejora en comparación con la primera investigación. Conclusión: Los estudiantes del grupo con puntuación alta de alfabetización en salud tienen un estilo de vida más saludable que las del grupo con puntuación baja. La instrucción sobre recursos relacionados con la salud es una medida positiva para mejorar la alfabetización sanitaria de los estudiantes universitarios.

ABSTRACT In fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) production, seedling management and fertilization both are important parts. However, the effects of different seedling managements and fertilizer rates on grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP, main and key compound of fragrant rice aroma) content of fragrant rice are still unknown. In present study, four seedling managements (mechanized transplanting (MT), mechanized direct-seeding (MDS), seedling throwing (ST) and seeds broadcasting (BS)) combined with three fertilizer rates (450 (Fer1), 600 (Fer2) and 750 (Fer3) kg ha-1) at tillering stage were applied in a 2-yr field experiment. The results showed that the grain yield and 2-AP content differed in different seedling management and fertilizer rate treatments. The highest grain yield and 2-AP content were recorded in MTFer3 treatment which were 4.81-4.86 t ha-1 and 307.68-390.99 μg kg-1 FW, respectively, while the lowest were recorded in BSFer1 treatment which were 3.96-4.09 t ha-1 and 62.92-165.09 μg kg-1 FW, respectively. Furthermore, the lowest expression of gene BADH2 related to 2-AP biosynthesis was recorded in MTFer3 treatment. Under the same fertilizer rate treatment, MT treatment produced the highest grain yield and 2-AP content which ranged between 4.49-4.86 t ha-1 and 222.16-390.99 μg kg-1 FW, respectively. Under the same seedling management treatment, the highest or equally highest grain yield and 2-AP content were recorded in Fer3 treatment.

ABSTRACT Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the grain yield and agronomic traits of inbred and hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘Yuxiangyouzhan’ and ‘Shenliangyou 58 xiangyouzhan’ at 11 different planting sites during 2013-2017 in Southern China. The grain yield, growth period, panicle number m-2, productive tiller percentage, plant height, panicle length, grain number per panicle, filled grain number per panicle, filled grain percentage, and grain weight were evaluated. Results indicated that ‘Shenliangyou 58 xiangyouzhan’ produced higher grain yields than ‘Yuxiangyouzhan’ which was attributed to high grain weight and panicle length. Grain yield showed an increasing trend during 2013-2017 and the yield gaps among different years were attributed to differences in plant height, filled grain percentage and grain weight. The differences in grain yield among sites were mostly due to the combination effect of the agronomic traits which was greatly affected by the different climate conditions. The grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the plant height, grain number m-2, filled grain number per panicle, filled grain percentage and grain weight. Moreover, principal components analysis (PCA) suggested that grain number per panicle and filled grain number per panicle are critical parameters attributed to grain productivity. Therefore, flowering and post-flowering stage is the most critical in this regard to improve the grain number and filled grain number per panicle to get better yields in the agro-climatic conditions of southern China.

ABSTRACT Aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) is globally popular due to its pleasant aroma and enchanting flavor. 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is recognized as the only major flavoring compound in aromatic rice. Plant nutrition affects the production and accumulation of 2-AP in rice, but the effect of time-specific nutrient application during the developmental phases of rice on 2-AP has not yet been reported. Three N levels (N0: 0 kg ha-1, N1: 30 kg ha-1, and N2: 60 kg ha-1) at the booting stage were applied to a popular aromatic rice cv. Yungengyou 14, to assess the accumulation pattern of 2-AP, proline, and N as well as relationships among the investigated indices regarding 2-AP accumulation. Among all other plant parts, the highest 2AP contents were found in ear axes and flag leaves, i.e. 17.04%-18.26% and 14.37%-15.05% at 17 as well as 18.41%-22.74% and 14.38%-15.75% at 30 DAF under all N-levels. Interestingly, N application at the booting stage also maintained higher proline and 2-AP contents in different plant tissues during the early grain filling stage. Hence additional N dose at booting stage could improve the grain aroma contents of aroma rice while considering the amount of N fertilizer added.