RESUMEN Objetivo. Investigar los efectos de la L-carnitina como un medio potencial para reducir la incidencia de ascitis en pollos de engorde y su relación con parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron 300 pollos de engorde machos de un día de edad (Ross 308) en el ensayo. El grupo sin suplementación de L-carnitina (0) se asignó como control y los grupos que recibieron suplementos de 100, 150, 200 y 250 mg/L de L-carnitina en agua se asignaron como grupos de tratamiento. La prueba se completó en 35 días. Resultados. La suplementación de L-carnitina no tuvo ningún efecto significativo sobre el aumento de peso vivo, consumo de alimento, consumo de agua y tasa de conversión alimenticia. Los niveles de plasma sanguíneo y los parámetros del hemograma HDL, triglicéridos, CK RBC y MCH se vieron afectados significativamente por L-carnitina (p<0.05). El valor del pH del parámetro del gas en sangre se vio significativamente afectado por la suplementación con L-carnitina en los pollos de engorde con ascitis. El valor del pH del gas en la sangre aumentó significativamente con la suplementación de 100 mg/L de L-carnitina en comparación con la del control (p<0.05). Mientras que el pH de la sangre fue de 7.21 en los animales con ascitis, se determinó como 7.48 en animales sanos. Las concentraciones de SO2 y ctO2 fueron mayores en animales sanos, mientras que las concentraciones de ctCO2P y hemoglobina fueron mayores en animales ascíticos (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Las tasas de mortalidad por ascitis a partir del grupo control se calcularon respectivamente como %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67 y 28.33. 76.71% de las muertes totales de ascitis fueron en la quinta semana. Se concluyó que dosis bajas de suplementos de L-carnitina pueden tener efectos positivos en los pollos de engorde criados a gran altitude.

ABSTRACT Objective. Investigate the effects of L-carnitine as a potential means of reducing the incidence of ascites in broilers and its relationship with physiological and biochemical paramaters. Material and methods. One-day-old 300 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in the trial. The group without L-carnitine supplementation (0) was assigned as control and the groups that received 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation in water were assigned as treatment groups. The trial was completed in 35 days. Results. L-carnitine supplementation did not have any significant effect on live weight gain, feed consumption, water consumption and feed conversion ratio. Levels of blood plasma and hemogram parameters HDL, Triglyceride, CK, RBC and MCH were significantly affected by L-carnitine (p<0.05). Blood gas parameter pH value was significantly affected by L-carnitine supplementation in the broilers with ascites. Blood gas pH value significantly increased with 100 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation compared to that of control (p<0.05). While blood pH was 7.21 in the animals with ascites, it was determined as 7.48 in healthy animals. Concentrations of SO2 and ctO2 were higher in healthy animals, while ctCO2P and hemoglobin concentrations were higher in ascitic animals (p<0.05). Conclusions. Ascites mortality rates starting from the control group were calculated respectively as %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67, 28.33 and 28.33%. 76.71% of total ascites deaths were in the 5th week. It was concluded that low doses of L-carnitine supplementation may have positive effects in the broilers grown at high altitude.

RESUMEN Objectivo. El objectivo del presente estudio es determin que el efecto de diferentes suplementos de aceite de esencia de la planta es de TMR, concentrado y heno en la metanogénesis ya los 2, 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica in vitro de producciόn de gas en los bovinos. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistulados se utilizaron para la acumulación de líquido ruminal para la aplicación de la técnica in vitro de producción de gas en. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T.vulgaris, O.vulgare, S.aromaticum, Z.officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La administración de suplementos de aceite de esencia, particularmente a elevadas dosis, disminoyó significativamente la producción de metano de TMR, se concentran y heno a las 8 y las 24 h en comparación con los grupos negativos y positivos de control (p<0.05). Entre todos los extractos de plantas, Syzgium 200 suplementación ppm de corrientes de aire los valores de producción de metano màs bajas (p<0.05). Mientras que la producción de metano a las 24 h en los grupos de control positivos, respectivamente, como 10.45, 10.75 y 10.07 am para TMR, concentrarse y heno, los valores de Syzygium grupo de 200 ppm se registraron, respectivamente 1.65, 3.28 y 1.98 para los thes grupos alimentar. Conclusiones. Los resultados del estudio indican que las dosis elevadas de suplementos de aceite de esencia para disminuir significativamanente la producción de metano en rumiantes. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que el aceite de esencia será altamente beneficioso en la nutrición de rumiantes.

ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different plant essence oil supplementation to TMR, concentrate and hay on methanogenesis and at 2, 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementation, particularly at increased doses, significantly decreased methane production for TMR, concentrate and hay at 8 and 24 h compared to negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). Among all plant extracts, Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation resulted the lowest methane production values (p<0.05). While methane production at 24 h in positive control groups were recorded respectively as 10.45, 10.75 and 10.07 for TMR, concentrate and hay, the values in Syzygium 200 ppm group were recorded respectively as 1.65, 3.28 and 1.98 for these feed groups. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that increased doses of essence oil supplementation significantly decrease methane production in ruminants. Hence, it is suggested that essence oil will be highly beneficial in ruminant nutrition.

ABSTRACT The objective of this investigation was to determine the differences between normal and PSE (pale, soft, exudative) turkey breast meat in terms of chemical composition, pH, color, myoglobin, and drip loss. Pale and normal skinless, boneless turkey breast fillets were taken from a poultry slaughterhouse in Van/Turkey at about 2-3 h postmortem. Spectrocolorimetry (CIE L*a*b*), pH, protein, ash, dry matter, lipid, myoglobin, and drip loss were measured in normal and pale color turkey breast muscle. The normal breast meat had significantly lower L*, a*, and b* values in comparison with the pale breast meat. Myoglobin concentration and pH were significantly higher in the normal breast meat compared with that of the pale breast meat. Protein content was found to be significantly lower for the pale group compared with the normal group. No significant difference was found in ash, dry matter, and total lipid content between normal and pale breast meat. Drip loss was significantly affected by breast meat color groups at days 1, 2, 3, and 4 postmortem. Pale, soft, exudative turkey breast meat can lead to differences in the chemical composition and shelf life of the product.

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de los suplementos de algunos extractos de plantas a Ración Total Mezclada (TMR), concentrado y heno sobre los ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) a las 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica de producción de gas in vitro en el ganado bovino. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistuladas se utilizaron para la recogida de fluido ruminal y aplicar la técnica in vitro de producción de gas. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La suplementación de aceite esenciales a los grupos de alimentos estudiados tuvieron efecto significativo sólo en C2 / nivel C3 VFA a las 8 h en todos los grupos de alimentos (p<0.05). El C2 / nivel C3 VFA a las 8 h aumentó significativamente en los grupos con suplementación de orégano 25 ppm de la RTM y concentrado y en los grupos con suplementación de Timol a 25 ppm para el heno. El C3 nivel de VFA en 8 h aumentó significativamente en el grupo que recibió suplementación de Syzygium a razón de 200 ppm para el heno. Los diferentes extractos de plantas suplementadas con RTM, concentrado y heno afectó significativamente los niveles de C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 y C2/C3 VFA a las 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Los hallasgos del estudio indican que las dosis moderadas de extractos de plantas incrementan los niveles de AGV en rumiantes, mientras que dosis más altas producen el efecto contrario.

Objective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect.

Estudos recentes demonstram que a formação de miringoesclerose pode ser reduzida pela aplicação de enzimas e elementos antioxidantes. OBJETIVO: Investigar a eficácia da coenzima Q10 na prevenção de miringoesclerose experimentalmente induzida. MÉTODO: Quarenta e oito ratas Wistar albinas saudáveis sofreram miringotomia e foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. O Grupo A não recebeu tratamento algum; o Grupo B recebeu coenzima Q10 por via oral; o Grupo C foi tratado com soro fisiológico tópico; e o Grupo D recebeu coenzima Q10 tópica. No 15º dia de tratamento, as membranas timpânicas foram examinadas por otomicroscopia. As lesões miringoescleróticas foram documentadas de forma semiquantitativa por meio de uma escala de quatro pontos. Após a coleta, as membranas timpânicas foram avaliadas por histopatologia. RESULTADOS: No grupo D (coenzima Q10 tópica) foi observada a ocorrência de otite nos primeiros quatro dias do estudo, o que levou à sua exclusão do estudo. O exame de otomicroscopia não revelou diferenças significativas entre grupos em termos de formação de miringoesclerose (p = 0,241). Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram observada quando os exames histopatológicos do grupo A foram comparados aos dos grupos B e C (p = 0,004; p < 0,001, respectivamente). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos B e C (p = 0,160). CONCLUSÃO: A administração oral de coenzima Q10 não reduziu a formação de miringoesclerose nos ratos submetidos à miringotomia.

Recent studies have shown that the formation of myringosclerosis could be reduced by the application of antioxidant enzymes and elements. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 on the prevention of experimentally induced myringosclerosis. METHOD: Forty-eight healthy female wistar albino rats were bilaterally myringotomized and divided into four groups randomly. Group A received no treatment, group B was administered oral coenzyme Q10. Group C was treated with topical saline solution, group D received topically coenzyme Q10. On the 15th day of treatment, tympanic membranes were examined by otomicroscopy. Myringosclerotic lesions were documented semiquantitatively by using 4-point scale. After harvesting tympanic membranes were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS: In group D (topical coenzyme Q10), we observed otitis within the first four days of the study and this group was excluded from the study. Regarding otomicroscopic examinations, there were no significant differences among groups in myringosclerosis formation (p = 0.241). When group A (non treatment) compared to groups B and C regarding histopathologic examination, the results demonstrated statistical significant differences (p = 0.004; p < 0.001), respectively. There was no statisticaly significant difference between groups B and C (p = 0.160). CONCLUSION: Oral administration of coenzyme Q10 did not reduce myringosclerosis formation in myringotomized rats.