Peanut plants developed in field experiments with nitrogen fertilizer and with inoculants were used as a source of material for this work. The results showed that plants fixing atmospheric nitrogen can be identified by determining the ureides content in the last fully developed leaf. This method is non destructive and permits a screening of a large number of rhizobia lines.

Os cultivares de soja 'paraná', 'viçoja' e 'santa-rosa', a linhagem IAC 73-223 e as introduções PI 171451 e PI 229358 foram testados em condições de campo para avaliar a resistência a percevejos. Ocorreram nesse campo experimental apenas as espécies de percevejos pentatomídios Nezara viridula L. e Piezodorus guildinii Westw. em iguais proporções. A linhagem IAC 73-228 teve a menor porcentagem de grãos danificados (48,1%) na metade superior da planta e as introduções PI 171451 (71,1%) e PI 229358 (79,1%) apresentaram porcentagem intermediária de grãos danificados. O cultivar 'paraná' foi o mais danificado, com 96,87%. Houve correlação significativa entre porcentagem de dano e porcentagem de plantas com retenção foliar (hastes verdes) por ocasião da colheita. Houve correlação positiva entre tamanho dos grãos e dano dos percevejos. O dano foi maior na parte superior das plantas que na inferior.

The soybean cultivars Paraná. Viçoja and Santa Rosa, the line IAC 73-228 and the introductions PI 171451 and PI 229358,e were tsted in Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in relation to the stink bugs Nezara viridula L. and Piezodorus guildinii Westw. The line IAC 73-228 had the least percentage of damaged seed (48,l%) in the superior half of the plant, whereas Paraná had the highest (96,8%). The introductions PI-171451 (71,1%) and PI 229358 (79,1%) had intermediate degrees of damaged seeds. This difference in damaged seeds could be due to actual resistance to the stink bugs, to resistance to Nematospora coryli transmitted by these insects or due to host evasion. It has been observed by DAUGHERTY et al. (1964) and LINK & COSTA (1974), that varieties with shorter period from flowering to harvest are less damaged by stink bugs and this would be a case of pseudo resistance called host evasion according to PAINTER (1951). There was a high positive correlation between percentage of seeds damaged and green stems at harvest. This feature could be used for field selection against these insects. There was positive significant correlation between damage and seed size. The seed size may be linked in some way to susceptibility to stink bugs. The damage was higher in the superior half of the plants than in the inferior.

Dados do ano agrícola 1972-73 de dois ensaios permanentes de adubação em milho foram utilizados para determinar os efeitos da aplicação anual continuada de sulfato de amônio, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio na produção e composição química dos grãos. A análise química foliar foi utilizada para determinar os efeitos dessas variações nutricionais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adubação e as condições ambientes (localidade) afetaram significativamente a produção e a composição das folhas e dos grãos.

Data of a continuous fertilization yield trial were analysed in two locations in 1972-73, to study the effect of continuous annual application of ammonium sul-phate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride on yield and composition of kernels. The foliar chemical analysis was utilized to determine the plant response to the fertilizer application. Data showed a significant effect of local conditions on the yield and composition of plant material. Ammonium sulphate and superphosphate increased yield in both locations whereas potassium chloride was a factor only in Mococa. Phosphate application was the main factor to explain yield in any condition. In Mococa the nitrogen dosage, the contents of N, S, P, Mn, Cu, Zn in the leaf +4 and yield were positively correlated with protein and negatively associated with starch percentage of the seed. All the above cited nutrients increased with ammonium sulphate application. Both phosphate fertilizer and P in leaves correlated positively with seed oil content. Potassium fertilizer and K in leaves were positively correlated with percent oil and negatively associated with linoleic acid. Total oil content and linoleic acid showed negative correlation. There was a tendency for potassium fertilizer decrease starch in the grain. This was evidenced by negative correlation between K and CI in the leaves and kernel starch. Both locations showed significant correlation between same leaf and grain elements. Sulphur and N, Mo-Fe were positive whereas Pe-P and Al-P showed negative values. The amino acids glycine, lysine, and tryptophan in the protein fraction of the seed were negatively associated with crude protein content in Mococa, while there was an increase of proline followed by reduction of phenylalanine and arginine in Campinas. Yield and P in the leaf correlated positively with oil content in both places. Both oil content and fatty acid composition were affected by location. High oil content seeds revealed higher levels of oleic, palmitic, stearic, and lower linoleic acid content.

Estudou-se o acúmulo de matéria seca e a absorção de macronutrientes pela soja, cultivar santa-rosa, em estádios sucessivos de desenvolvimento. As amostragens da parte aérea foram feitas a intervalos de 20 dias num ensaio em São Simão, em latossolo roxo de textura média sob vegetação de cerrado. O máximo de matéria seca acumulada durante o ciclo ocorreu aos 90 dias após a germinação e atingiu uma produção de 5632 kg/ha. O mesmo foi observado para cálcio, magnésio e enxofre, tendo sido absorvidos até esta época 58,7, 27,8 e 9,3 kg/ha, respectivamente. A absorção máxima de potássio, de 80,2 kg/ha, ocorreu aos 110 dias, enquanto para o fósforo, 12 9 kg/ha, e para o nitrogênio, 146,1 kg/ha, aos 130 dias coincidindo com o maior desenvolvimento das sementes. Aos 130 dias as sementes continham o máximo de matéria seca e macronutrientes. As sementes retiraram 92,5% de N, 83,7% de P, 58,7% de K, 16,0% de Ca, 21,9% de Mg e 43,0% de S em relação ao total extraído pela planta.

A study was made on the accumulation of dry matter, concentration, and uptake of macronutrients in the cultivar Santa Rosa, in sucessive stages of growth. The sampling of the above ground parts was done at intervals of 20 days. The soil was a Terra Roxa with latossolic B under cerrado vegetation. The maximum of dry matter accumulation occurred at 90 days after germination with a production of 5632 kg/ha. The same was observed for calcium, magnesium and sulphur whose uptakes were 58.7, 27.8 and 9.3 kg/ha respectively. The maximum uptake of potassium, which was 80.2 kg/ha occurred at 110 days whereas those of phosphorus and nitrogen occurred at 130 days and reached 12.9 and 146.1 kg/ha respectively. Of the total amount of macronutrients retained by the plants (excluding roots and fallen leaves) the seeds contained 92.5% of N, 83.7% of P, 58.7% of K, 16.0% of Ca, 21.9% of Mg, and 43.0% of S respectively.

Tendo em vista futuros programas de melhoramento da qualidade nutritiva do arroz, foram determinados os teores de óleo, proteína e dos aminoácidos essenciais lisina e triptofano nos grãos descascados dos principais cultivares desse cereal cultivados no Estado de São Paulo. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os teores desses constituintes, nos diferentes cultivares estudados. A interação variedade-ambiente teve efeito marcante nos teores de proteína dos grãos, com exceção do IAC-47. De uma maneira geral, os teores de lisina e de triptofano foram mais elevados nos materiais que apresentaram teores mais baixos de proteína. Dentre os principais cultivares de arroz atualmente em plantio, o IAC-47 apresentou características promissoras para futuros programas de melhoramento visando melhoria da qualidade nutricional desse cereal.

The purpose of this study was to determine the content of oil, protein, lysine, and triptophan of 12 rice cultivars of the State of São Paulo. These data are of large interest as a support for the future rice breeding program in order to improve the nutritional value of this cereal. Significant differences were found for all the characteristics caused by vari-etal effects. Environmental factors, such as the year and the location where the rice grew, severely affected the protein content of all the cultivars, but for the IAC-47. In general, the low protein cultivars showed higher levels of lysine and triptophan. The IAC-47 cultivar revealed the most stable chemical composition and very promising to be used in the breeding for high-protein rices.