Resumo: Introdução: Os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) implicam sofrimento psíquico e interferem nas atividades diárias, nos relacionamentos interpessoais e na qualidade de vida. Estima-se que os TMC atinjam de 9% a 12% da população mundial e de 12% a 15% da brasileira em todas as faixas etárias. Dentre os diferentes grupos sociais, os estudantes universitários possuem maior vulnerabilidade para desenvolver transtornos de ansiedade e depressão. Objetivo: Diante disso, este estudo se propôs a estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados a sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes de Medicina de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de prevalência, com uma amostra probabilística dos 1.339 alunos que frequentavam regularmente os 12 semestres do curso de Medicina em janeiro de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de questionário socioeconômico, comportamental e demográfico e dos Inventários de Ansiedade e de Depressão de Beck. Utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado para verificação de diferenças entre sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e variáveis socioeconômicas e comportamentais e as prevalências (total e por nível de gravidade) e a razão de prevalência (RP) bruta e ajustada como medida de associação. A análise de tendência linear foi empregada para verificar a existência de relação entre sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e semestres do curso. As variáveis que apresentaram RP bruta com p < 0,20 foram incorporadas na análise multivaridada, no modelo de regressão de Poisson robusto, para determinação da RP ajustada. Resultados: Quanto à prevalência de sintomas, constatou-se o seguinte: 30,8% para ansiedade e 36,0% para depressão. A RP bruta e ajustada para sintomas de ansiedade teve associação estatisticamente significante para sexo, idade e orientação sexual. A RP bruta e ajustada para sintomas de depressão teve associação estatisticamente significante para sexo, raça/cor da pele e orientação sexual. As análises de correlação entre os semestres do curso e a presença de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão indicaram fraco coeficiente de determinação, caráter descendente e sem significância estatística. Conclusões: Por se tratar de um estudo de prevalência, esta investigação não possibilita conclusões sobre causalidade. Estudos de acompanhamento adicionais são necessários para elucidar o curso da ansiedade e depressão ao longo dos semestres letivos.

Abstract: Introduction: Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) imply psychological distress, interfering with daily activities, interpersonal relationships and quality of life. It is estimated that CMDs affect 9% to 12% of the world’s population and 12% to 15% of the Brazilian population in all age groups. Among different social groups, university students are more vulnerable to the development of anxiety and depression disorders. Objective: Therefore, this study proposed to estimate the prevalence rates and factors associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in medical students in a capital city of northeast Brazil. Methods: This is a prevalence study, with a probabilistic sample of 1,339 students who regularly attended the 12 semesters of medical school in January 2018. Data were collected by applying a socioeconomic, behavioral and demographic survey and Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories. The chi-square test was used to check for differences between anxiety and depression symptoms and socioeconomic and behavioral variables. The prevalence rates (total and by level of severity) and the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) were used as an association measure. Linear trend analysis was used to verify the existence of an association between anxiety and depression symptoms and semesters of the medical school. The variables that showed a crude PR with p <0.20 were incorporated into the multivariate analysis, using the robust Poisson regression model, to determine the adjusted PR. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety was 30.8%, whereas depression was 36.0%. The crude and adjusted PR for anxiety symptoms showed a statistically significant association with gender, age and sexual orientation. The crude and adjusted PR for symptoms of depression showed a statistically significant association with gender, ethnicity/skin color and sexual orientation. The correlation analyses between the semesters of the course and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms indicated a weak coefficient of determination, with a descending characteristic and without statistical significance. Conclusions: As this is a prevalence study, this investigation does not allow conclusions on causality. Additional follow-up studies are needed to elucidate the course of anxiety and depression throughout the school semesters.

Abstract We investigated the effects of eyestalk ablation and cheliped autotomy in inducing molting in Callinectes ornatus. The specimens in intermolt stage were divided into two size classes: 1 (30-50 mm) and 2 (51-70 mm) and were further divided into four experimental groups. In the CA group (Cheliped Autotomy, n=76), crabs were submitted to cheliped autotomy; in the UA group (Unilateral Ablation, n=66) and BA group (Bilateral Ablation, n=66) to unilateral and bilateral eyestalk ablation, respectively. The C group (Control, n=70) was used as control. The animals were individually kept in tanks interconnected to a recirculation system for 30 days. The highest frequency of premolt was recorded in the BA group (32%), followed by the CA group (16%). The premolt frequency of class 1 (28%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than of class 2 (8%). The mean time until molt in the BA group was significantly lower (p <0.05) than other groups tested. The highest mortality rates were 55% and 25% in crabs from the BA and CA groups, respectively. The results indicate bilateral eyestalk ablation and cheliped autotomy are potentially capable of inducing molt in C. ornatus, but these techniques have limited efficiency for the commercial application of large-scale soft-shell crab.

ABSTRACT Knowledge about epidemiological distribution patterns of HIV infection in different geographic regions is relevant to understand the dynamics of the disease in Brazil. This study aims to characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of HIV-infected patients from Southwestern Goias State, from 2005 to 2015. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect clinical-epidemiological, virological, and immunological data from the medical records of all HIV-infected patients (n=539) who were followed at the regional reference center of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil, from 2005 to 2015. We detected the prevalence of male patients and the heterosexual route of transmission, as well as an expressive number of young women infected with HIV. The HIV infection was more prevalent in reproductive ages (55.3%). Most patients presented clinical manifestations related to HIV infection at the time of diagnosis. Twenty-four patients presented coinfection with hepatitis C virus, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, leprosy or Chagas disease. Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii was the most common opportunistic infection, followed by neurotoxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and neurocryptococcosis. Combined antiretroviral therapy improved CD4+ T-cell counts: the mean CD4+ T-cell counts after treatment was twice as high as those found at the first medical appointment; and highly active antiretroviral therapy promoted viral suppression in a significant number of patients. Considering the increasing distribution of HIV infection to the interior of Brazil, this descriptive study outlines the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in Southwestern Goias and contributes to develop local prevention strategies and public service plans.