ABSTRACT Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease and bruchids are the common disease and insect pest causing yield loss in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). ‘KUML4’ is an improved mung bean cultivar grown in Thailand having high yield, early and highly synchronous maturity, large seed size, but susceptible to CLS disease and bruchids. This study was conducted to improve ‘KUML4’ through introgression of VrTAF5 for CLS resistance and VrPGIP2 for bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) resistance from landrace mung bean accessions ‘V4718’ and ‘V2808’, respectively, by marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC). In the MABC, foreground selections were performed using VrTAF5- and VrPGIP2-specific markers. The BC3F3 pyramided lines with KUML4 background carrying both VrTAF5 and VrPGIP2 genes were developed and evaluated for agronomic and yield-related traits, CLS resistance, and bruchid resistance. Three BC3F3 lines, KUML4-2020-21, KUML4-2020-23, and KUML4-2020-60, exhibiting superior agronomic and yield-related traits, CLS resistance, and bruchid resistance than ‘KUML4’ were successfully obtained via MABC. Under the CLS outbreak, these lines showed 248.5%-331.7% higher seed yield than ‘KUML4’. The lines expressed nearly perfect resistance to bruchid (< 5% seeds damaged). These lines can be developed into new resistant mung bean cultivars in the future.

Abstract Traditionally, the quantification of anthocyanin content requires destructive sampling followed by chemical analysis with elaborate process. The aim of this study was to use non-destructive methods for prediction of anthocyanin by using color values from handheld colorimeter. Five hundred and fifty-eight yardlong bean samples that have pale green to dark purple pod color were used for color measurement and anthocyanin analysis. The partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to correlate spectral data with anthocyanin content. The PLSR model could predict anthocyanin content with correlation coefficient of 0.900 and standard error of prediction of 1.994 A/gFw. The results indicated that colorimeter readings can be correlated with anthocyanin content in yardlong bean and could be used as an alternative to chemical analysis. This method is reliable, rapid and inexpensive and can be used to screen a large number of yardlong bean accessions or populations under high anthocyanin breeding program. Traditionally process nondestructive non fiftyeight fifty eight (PLSR 0900 0 900 0.90 1994 1 994 1.99 AgFw A gFw A/gFw reliable program 090 90 0.9 199 99 1.9 09 9 0. 19 1.

Abstract The Thailand governmental institutes play important roles in genetic improvement of sweet corn in Thailand. We assessed the genetic diversity of 268 sweet corn inbreds from three major institutes (NCSRC-KU, CNFCRC, and KKU) and three commercial hybrids using 20 SSR markers. The markers detected 224 alleles in total, with an average of 11.2 alleles per locus. Overall gene diversity was relatively high, being 0.7. Allelic richness, gene diversity, and heterozygosity in the inbreds among the three institutes were comparable. However, the inbreds from KKU possessed the greatest number of unique alleles and rare alleles, albeit they showed the highest percentage of genetic impurity. Neighbor-joining, principal coordinate, and STRUCTURE analyses showed that the inbreds were genetically different. Our findings provide insight into the breeding gene pool and population structures of the sweet corn germplasm of the public sector in Thailand, enhancing efficiency of sweet corn germplasm utilization for developing new varieties. 26 NCSRCKU, NCSRCKU NCSRC KU, KU (NCSRC-KU CNFCRC 2 22 total 112 11 11. locus high 07 0 7 0.7 richness comparable However impurity Neighborjoining, Neighborjoining Neighbor joining, joining Neighbor-joining coordinate different varieties 1 0.