Resumen Recientemente, varios dispositivos cuánticos reales están disponibles a través de la nube. No obstante, se espera que sean muy limitados, a corto plazo, en el número y la calidad del elemento fundamental de almacenamiento, el qubit. Por lo tanto, los simuladores cuánticos de software son las únicas herramientas ampliamente disponibles para diseñar y probar algoritmos cuánticos. Sin embargo, la representación de componentes de computación cuántica en computadoras clásicas consume una gran cantidad de recursos. Este trabajo describe cómo modelar los elementos principales de la computación cuántica en una computadora clásica y describe el consumo de recursos utilizando dos simuladores cuánticos populares. Al final, discutimos diferentes enfoques para superar este problema.

Abstract Recently, several real quantum devices have become available through the cloud. Nevertheless, they are expected to be very limited, in the near term, in the number and quality of the fundamental storage element, the qubit. Therefore, software quantum simulators are the only widely available tools to design and test quantum algorithms. However, the representation of quantum computing components in classical computers consumes a big amount of resources. This work describes how to model the main elements of quantum computing in a classical computer and depicts resource consumption using two popular quantum simulators. In the end, we discuss different approaches to overcome this problem.

RESUMEN La gestión energética se centra en mejorar el uso eficiente de los recursos y aumentar el acceso a la energía en camino hacia una sociedad más sostenible. En línea con estos objetivos, el proyecto Cloud Computing for Smart Energy Management (CC-SEM) investiga la construcción de una plataforma integrada para el monitoreo inteligente, el control y la planificación del consumo, y la generación de energía en escenarios urbanos. CC-SEM incluye, en primer lugar, el diseño de un dispositivo IoT de bajo costo capaz de monitorear, operar y controlar electrodomésticos. Éste fue desarrollado con el objetivo de administrar automáticamente el consumo. En segundo lugar, un análisis de la idoneidad de la tecnología celular 5G NB-IoT con respecto al envío de mensajes de restauración y gestión para interrupciones del suministro en redes eléctricas inteligentes. En tercer lugar, un análisis de patrones de consumo doméstico para ayudar a predecir el mismo, utilizando mediciones de la literatura. En cuarto lugar, dentro del contexto de simulaciones de redes eléctricas, una metodología de pronóstico y evaluación de rendimiento para la generación de sistemas fotovoltaicos. CC-SEM presenta avances respecto del control de dispositivos domésticos, planificación/simulación de escenarios de generación de energía, y propone avances en la infraestructura de comunicación de los datos generados.

ABSTRACT Energy management focuses on improving the efficient use of resources and increasing energy access in a path towards a more sustainable society. In spite of the strategies that have been proposed to guarantee increased access to the energy resources at affordable costs, there are still challenges to ensure the conservation of the resources and the protection of the environment. In line with these objectives, Cloud Computing for Smart Energy Management project (CC-SEM) is a research effort for building an integrated platform for smart monitoring, controlling, and planning energy consumption and generation in urban scenarios. CC-SEM includes, firstly, the design of a low-cost IoT device capable of monitoring, operating, and controlling home appliances according to predefined rules. It was developed with the aim of automatically manage consumption. Secondly, an analysis of 5G Narrowband IoT as a suitable cellular technology for Smart Grid outage restoration and management message delivery was addressed. Thirdly, an analysis of domestic consumption patterns was carried out to help to predict home consumption, using literature measurements. Fourthly, within the context of electrical network simulation, a forecasting and performance evaluation methodology for the generation of individual photovoltaic systems is proposed. In summary, CC-SEM presents the research efforts to provide a set of tools for controlling home devices, planning/simulating scenarios of energy generation, and to propose advances in the communication infrastructure for transmitting the generated data.

Resumo O monitoramento de longo prazo dos eventos de Influência do Buraco de Ozônio Antártico sobre o Sul do Brasil foi realizado no período de 35 anos entre 1979 e 2013 e calculada a climatologia e anomalias dos campos estratosféricos quando de sua ocorrência. Para isso, foram analisados os dados da coluna total de ozônio (CTO) obtidos através de Espectrofotômetros Brewer, instalados no Observatório Espacial do Sul - OES/CRS/INPE - MCTIC (29,4 °S; 53,8 °O; 488,7 m) e pelos instrumentos de satélite Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) e Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), além de parâmetros da reanálise II do NCEP/DOE (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ Departament of Energy) e trajetórias retroativas do modelo HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory). A metodologia empregada mostrou-se eficaz na identificação de 62 eventos com uma redução média de -9,35 ± 2,93% no conteúdo de ozônio. Além disso, foi realizada a identificação do padrão de circulação estratosférica através de campos médios e anomalias da vorticidade potencial, vento e temperatura para os dias de ocorrência do fenômeno, sendo observado um padrão de deslocamento de onda, embebida dentro de uma ampla região de circulação ciclônica, com ventos predominantemente de sul é advectado em direção ao Sul do Brasil.

Abstract The long-term monitoring of Influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole over South of Brazil events was carried out for the period of 35 years between 1979 and 2013 and the climatology and anomalies of the stratospheric fields were calculated when this type of phenomenon occurred. For this, the data of the total ozone column (TOC) was obtained by Brewer Spectrophotometers, installed at the Southern Space Observatory - SSO / CRS / INPE - MCTIC (29.4 °S, 53.8 °W, 488, 7 m) and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite instruments, as well as the reanalysis II of the NCEP / DOE (National Centers for Environmental Prediction / Department of Energy) and retroactive trajectories by HYSPLIT ( HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. The methodology used was effective in identifying 62 events with a mean reduction of -9.35 ± 2.93% in the ozone content. In addition, the stratospheric circulation pattern was identified through mean fields and anomalies of potential vorticity, wind and temperature for the occurrence days of the phenomenon, with a wave displacement pattern embedded within a wide cyclonic circulation region, with predominantly southern winds is advected toward the south of Brazil.