Abstract: In this work, we investigate the effects of transfer of training in late Brazilian Portuguese-English bilinguals, compared to natives, in relation to their processing of the English causative-have construction. Two experiments were conducted: one focused on the comprehension of the pattern, and the other focused on its production. The results of both experiments point to the fact that the grammatical rule learned by bilinguals is only 'transferred' when there is time to implement it. In the first experiment, we found no effect of training, on the contrary, bilinguals might have been affected by the SVO distribution of the corresponding construction in their L1. In the second experiment, however, we found that bilinguals had high rates of usage of the canonical causative-have form, SAuxOV. This behavior indicates that bilinguals do not implement the rule automatically. Rather, its implementation is seen in more controlled tasks. Thus, explicitly given grammatical rules seem not to be implicitly learned, as they are not automatized to be easily retrieved in real life usage. Moreover, concerning the causative-have rule, bilinguals' linguistic behavior was more similar to that of natives' when they did not implement the rule and used the SVO form with a causative sense.

Abstract In the present study we investigated a corollary of the multicompetence hypothesis as a description of language representation in bilingualism. According to this hypothesis, bilingualism entails a state of linguistic knowledge that does not correspond either to L1 or L2 norms. Previous studies examining online language processing of sentences in Portuguese that simulated argument structures constructions of English have shown a departure from the restrictions of the L1 grammar (Portuguese), which supports the multicompetence hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to explore whether such departure from the L1 would be observed in a psycholinguistic task that taps bilinguals' intentional attention focus on the form of linguistic expressions in their L1, therefore depicting L1 metalinguistic awareness. The results reveal that the bilingualism effects detected during real time sentence processing do not extend to metalinguistic awareness, therefore suggesting that such effects are evanescent, and most likely implicit in nature.

Neste trabalho, investigamos a aquisição das construções de objeto duplo do inglês (GOLDBERG, 1995) por aprendizes brasileiros. Partimos da hipótese de que, devido à influência da primeira língua (L1), a construção ditransitiva preposicionada (John gave a book to Mary) será adquirida primeiro, enquanto a construção ditransitiva (John gave Mary a book) fará parte da interlíngua (SELINKER, 1972) dos aprendizes apenas no nível avançado de proficiência na língua-alvo. Levantamos também a hipótese de que aprendizes podem transferir (ODLIN, 1989) o pronome objeto em posição pré-verbal de sua L1 para a interlíngua nos estágios iniciais de acquisição da L2 (João me deu um livro / *John me gave a book). Testamos nossas hipóteses através da comparação das performances de três grupos de aprendizes brasileiros (iniciantes, intermediários e avançados) com um grupo de falantes nativos do inglês na realização de uma tarefa de julgamento de aceitabilidade de sentenças, utilizada como medida de aprendibilidade e generalização. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a nossa hipótese sobre a ordem de aquisição das construções de objeto duplo do inglês por falantes nativos do português brasileiro e indicam que a influência da L1 no desenvolvimento da interlíngua dos aprendizes ocorre de forma seletiva, assim como propõe Kellerman (1983).

The present study investigates the acquisition of the English double object constructions (GOLDBERG, 1995) by Brazilian learners. We hypothesize that, due to first language (L1) influences, the prepositional ditransitive construction (John gave a book to Mary) will be acquired earlier, while the ditransitive construction (John gave Mary a book) will be part of the learner's interlanguages (SELINKER, 1972) only at the advanced level of proficiency. We also hypothesize that learners may transfer (ODLIN, 1989) the placement of the object pronoun in pre-verbal position from their L1 to their interlanguage in early stages of acquisition (João me deu um livro / *John me gave a book). We test our hypotheses by comparing the performance of three groups of learners (beginning, intermediate, and advanced) and native speakers of English on an acceptability judgment task used as a measure of learnability and generalization. Results confirm the order of acquisition of the English double object constructions predicted for native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Moreover, results suggest that, although mother tongue influences may have taken place, they do not do so pervasively, but rather selectively, corroborating the proposal by Kellerman (1983).

Este artigo propõe que um dos desafios encontrados por aprendizes de línguas, engajados com projetos de telecolaboração mediada pelo computador, diz respeito ao manejo das divergências entre seus próprios contextos de aprendizagem e os de seus colaboradores. Esse argumento será ilustrado por meio do relato de uma experiência de aprendizagem de português-inglês desenvolvida segundo os parâmetros de uma pedagogia da aprendizagem de línguas, mediada pelo computador denominada "aprendizagem em tandem". Na análise, será proposto que diferenças macrossociais entre o ensino de língua portuguesa na Austrália e o ensino de inglês no Brasil tenham sido insidiosas nos resultados do trabalho de telecolaboração.

This paper argues that one of the challenges facing language learners working in telecollaborative computer-mediated projects is dealing with the divergences they will find between their collaborators learning contexts and their own. This point will be illustrated through a report of a portuguese-english language learning experience developed within the frame of a computer-assisted language learning pedagogy referred to as "tandem learning". In the analysis, it will be argued that macro-social differences between the teaching of Portuguese in Australia and the teaching of English in Brazil had an impact in the outcomes of the telecollaborative endeavour.