Abstract What factors contribute to the difference in electoral performance between the first election that wins a party and the next election? We use the findings of Bolleyer and Bytzek (2015) on political parties from 17 parlamentary democracies, to test them for the case of Brazilian parties created after 2000. For this, we used the correlation analysis and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. Our findings show that the time between the creation of the Brazilian party and its first victory in the national legislature is not correlated; there are not significant differences between ideologies; if the parties are or are not part of the presidential cabinet; and if the parties that changed or didn’t change the leadership. Some of these results differ from the results observed in the other countries considered. Some of these findings differ from those obtained for other countries. The institutional explanation may be the facility for the creation of parties and, until 2016, coalitions in proportional elections combined with the absence of a party performance clause.

Resumo Que fatores concorrem para a diferença de desempenho eleitoral entre o primeiro pleito vencedor de um partido e a eleição seguinte? Usamos os achados de Bolleyer e Bytzek (2015), sobre organizações partidárias de 17 democracias parlamentaristas, como hipóteses testadas para o caso de partidos brasileiros criados a partir de 2000. Os resultados da análise de correlação e do teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney foram que o tempo entre a criação do partido e sua primeira vitória no Legislativo não é correlacionado; e que não são significativas as diferenças entre os partidos de diferentes ideologias, que integraram ou não gabinete presidencial, ou que tiveram troca de liderança. Alguns destes achados destoam daqueles obtidos para os outros países. A explicação institucional pode ser a facilidade para a criação de partidos e, até 2016, as coligações em eleições proporcionais aliadas a inexistência de cláusula de desempenho partidário.

Abstract: We analyzed the social and political profile and political behavior in roll-call votes of deputies elected to the 56th Legislature of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies (2019-2023). The deputies were divided into three groups: The established (those who were not in their first term); the outsiders (those who were in their first term); and the Renovators (outsiders who were members of supra-party political renewal organizations). The objective was to verify significant differences existed among the groups and whether the Renovators exhibited peculiarities in their parliamentary behavior. The results showed that the groups presented differences in terms of age, race, party ideology, and campaign finance patterns. However, through analysis of mean differences, the article concludes that there is no difference among the average party loyalty indices of the parliamentarians in each group, indicating very similar behavior among the deputies. This finding undermines the alleged novelty brought by the wave of political renewal in 2018 in Brazil.

Resumo: Analisamos o perfil sociopolítico e o comportamento político em votações nominais dos deputados federais eleitos para a 56ª Legislatura (2019-2023). Os deputados foram divididos em três grupos: Estabelecidos (deputados que não estavam em primeiro mandato); Outsiders (deputados que estavam em primeiro mandato); e Renovadores (outsiders que eram membros de organizações suprapartidárias de renovação política). O objetivo foi verificar se havia diferenças significativas entre os grupos e se os Renovadores apresentaram peculiaridades no seu comportamento parlamentar. Os resultados mostraram que os grupos apresentam diferenças na idade, raça, ideologia partidária e no padrão de financiamento de campanha. Porém, através de análise de diferenças de médias, concluiu-se que não existe diferença entre a média dos índices de lealdade partidária dos parlamentares de cada grupo, sendo o comportamento dos deputados muito parecido entre si. O achado relativiza a pretensa novidade trazida na onda de renovação política em 2018 no Brasil.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that genetic variations of cannabinoid receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Methods: In this genetic association case-control study, cannabinoid receptor polymorphisms CNR1 rs12720071 and CNR2 rs2229579 were tested for association with neurocognitive performance in 69 patients with schizophrenia and 45 healthy controls. Neurocognition was assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Results: We found a consistent association between CNR1 rs12720071 polymorphism and the cognitive performance of patients in several cognitive domains. Patients with C/C polymorphism presented significantly worse performance in motor speed, verbal fluency, attention/processing speed and reasoning/problem solving. Conclusion: Although limited, our data support the hypothesis that CNR1 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.

Resumo O sistema carcerário pode ser marcado por um conjunto de fatores que dificultam a ressocialização do indivíduo e o acesso integral à saúde, revelando questões que afetam a assistência e dificultam a atuação dos profissionais de saúde. Para tanto, buscou-se neste texto descrever a visão de profissionais das diversas áreas da saúde a respeito do atendimento às pessoas privadas de liberdade por meio da leitura de artigos. A revisão integrativa foi construída com base em pesquisa nas bases de dados Medline, via PubMed, e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências em Saúde, por meio dos descritores education, medical, health personnel e prisoners, selecionando artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos. Após a etapa de exclusão, foram lidas na íntegra 68 referências, resultando em 13 estudos selecionados. Definiram-se três categorias com base na identificação dos temas mais frequentes nas publicações: estigma, barreiras no atendimento e saúde mental. Conclui-se que ainda existem lacunas importantes para a formação adequada voltada ao atendimento das pessoas privadas de liberdade, uma vez que estigmas e barreiras do sistema prejudicam a saúde mental desse grupo vulnerável no âmbito de acesso integral à saúde.

Abstract The imprisonment system can be marked by a set of factors that hinder the re-socialization of the individual and the integral access to health, revealing issues that affect the assistance and hinder the performance of health professionals. Therefore, this text aims to describe the vision of professionals from different areas of health regarding the care of people deprived of liberty through the reading of articles. The integrative review was built based on a search in the Medline, PubMed, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences databases, using the descriptors ‘education’, ‘medical’, ‘health personnel’, and ‘prisoners’, selecting articles published in the last ten years. After the exclusion step, 68 references were read in full, resulting in 13 selected studies. Three categories were defined based on the identification of the most frequent themes in the publications: stigma, barriers to care, and mental health. It is concluded that there are still important gaps in the adequate training for the care of people deprived of liberty, since stigmas and barriers in the system hinder the mental health of this vulnerable group in the scope of integral access to health.

Resumen El sistema penitenciario puede estar marcado por un conjunto de factores que dificultan la resocialización del individuo y el acceso integral en salud, revelando problemáticas que afectan la atención y dificultan el trabajo de los profesionales de la salud. Por lo tanto, este texto buscó describir la mirada de profesionales de las diferentes áreas de la salud sobre la atención a las personas privadas de libertad a través de la lectura de artículos. La revisión integradora fue construida a partir de la investigación en las bases de datos Medline, vía PubMed y Literatura Lationamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, a través de los descriptores education, medical, health personnel y prisoners, seleccionando artículos publicados en los últimos diez años. Trás la etapa de exclusión, se leyeron 68 referencias en su totalidad, lo que resultó en 13 estudios seleccionados. Se definieron tres categorías a partir de la identificación de los temas más frecuentes en las publicaciones: estigma, barreras al cuidado y salud mental. Se concluye que aún existen importantes vacíos para una adecuada formación dirigida a la atención de las personas privadas de libertad, ya que los estigmas y barreras del sistema perjudican la salud mental de este grupo vulnerable en el contexto del pleno acceso a la salud.

ABSTRACT Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA) is a private, protected area inside a remnant of the Atlantic Forest with high biodiversity. Although the bats of the reserve have been sampled for more than two decades, few studies have been published about them. Based on a compilation of data from several surveys, we present an updated list of the bat species there and compare it with surveys from other locations in the Atlantic Forest. From August 1998 to September 2021, at least 194 sampling nights were carried out at REGUA by different research groups from various institutions, totaling 448,092 m2.h of sampling. A total of 4,069 individuals were captured, belonging to 47 species and six families. Additionally, our results indicate that it is possible that some species that occur at REGUA have not been recorded yet. REGUA has the greatest number of bat species known for the Atlantic Forest. This most likely results from the fact that the reserve includes large areas of mature, continuous forest connected with other protected areas in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Another factor contributing to the high diversity of bat species at REGUA is that the area has been intensely sampled for many years. Given that the bat assemblage there appears to be a good proxy to ascertain the ecological patterns of biodiversity in well-preserved forests, we consider REGUA to be an important area for long-term ecological research. The basic knowledge about the ecological interactions of bats with different food resources and zoonotic microorganisms offers a unique opportunity to carry out research in several areas of knowledge, making it possible to address questions about bat assemblage structure, bat-parasite ecology, competition, niche partitioning, and other related studies.

Abstract Background Populations of yam dry rot nematodes Scutellonema bradys, Pratylenchus coffeae and P. brachyurus can be sustained on weed hosts. Objective Evaluate the reaction of 10 weeds frequently found in Alagoas to P. coffeae under greenhouse conditions. Methods Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with 11 treatments, constituted of 10 weed species and the control (Dioscorea cayenensis) with eight replications. Plants were inoculated with 2,000 nematode specimens, nematode populations were evaluated in roots and soil 60 days after inoculation and the reproduction factor (RF) defined as RF = final population/initial population was calculated. Results Euphorbia hyssopifolia showed RF=0 and was considered as non-host, whereas Chenopodium album, Amaranthus sp., Panicum maximum, Eleusine indica, Senna occidentalis, Emilia coccinea and Richardia brasiliensis, showed RF<1, being rated as poor hosts. Ricinus communis and Macroptilium lathyroides showed RF>1 only in the second trial and were classified as good hosts. Conclusion Ricinus communis and M. lathyroides are potential sources of nematode inoculum for dry rot disease development.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the physiological and productive aspects of irrigated cassava crop. The statistical design used was randomised blocks, with six treatments and four replications. The used treatments were irrigation levels, based on the crop evapotranspiration – ETC – (L0 = 0% [rainfed], L1 = 40%, L2 = 80%, L3 = 120%, L4 = 160% and L5 = 200% of the ETC) and the analysed physiological variables were: gas exchange, the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index. The growth and crop productivity were also evaluated through of the leaf area index (LAI), the number and productivity of commercial roots and total biomass. In this research, the total irrigation depth was defined as the irrigation depth plus the effective rainfall. The estimated ETC was 1,030 mm over the 12-month production cycle and the greatest value for LAI and SPAD were 7.6 and 57.4, respectively, obtained in irrigated areas with the level of 80% of the ETC. While, in the areas irrigated with 120% of the ETC, were obtained the highest values of root productivity (93 Mg·ha–1), total biomass yield (149 Mg·ha–1) and photosynthetic rate (22.4 μmol CO2·m–2·s–1). On the other hand, with irrigation equivalent at 200% of the ETC were obtained the greatest values of internal CO2 concentration (245 μmol CO2·m–2·s–1), stomatal conductance (0.35 μmol H2O·m–2·s–1) and effective quantum efficiency (0.68).

ABSTRACT Amblyomma Koch, 1844 is distributed worldwide, with ca. 130 species currently recognized. These ticks are vectors of pathogens to animals and humans, including the causative agent of the New World Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Species of the Amblyomma parasitize a wide range of organisms, especially medium and large terrestrial mammals. Here we report for the first time the association of Myotis lavali Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias & Oliveira, 2011, Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 and Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) as hosts for Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888. The ticks were originally identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787), in 2011. However, a later taxonomic review indicated that the species of the A. cajennense complex occurring in the Caatinga is A. sculptum. We also discuss the ecoepidemiological implications of this association.

Abstract Agricultural expansion and fragmentation of native habitats is considered the major cause of declining biodiversity worldwide, negatively impacting the provision and maintenance of nature's contributions to people. Bats are a key group in agricultural landscapes, playing crucial ecological roles in pollination, seed dispersal and control of invertebrate populations. Due to interspecific differences in diet, morphology, physiology and behavior, bats differ in habitat use, with a species-specific response to landscape changes. In this study, we evaluated how bats from different trophic guilds that can be catched with mist nets relate to different habitats present in a hyper-fragmented agricultural landscape. With the use of mist nets, we captured 309 bats in 30 nights between June 2016 and July 2018. Our results show differences in habitat use between species of different trophic guilds. While insectivorous bats have a positive relationship with the amount of water present at the collection point, frugivorous bats show a negative response. These results reinforce the importance of landscape heterogeneity in agricultural mosaics for maintaining biodiversity.

Resumen La expansión agrícola y la consiguiente pérdida y fragmentación de los hábitats nativos se consideran una de las principales causas de la disminución de la biodiversidad en todo el mundo, lo que afecta negativamente la provisión y el mantenimiento de importantes servicios del ecosistema. Los murciélagos representan un grupo clave en los paisajes agrícolas, juegan papeles ecológicos cruciales en la polinización, la dispersión de semillas y el control de las poblaciones de invertebrados. Debido a las diferencias interespecíficas en la dieta, la morfología, la fisiología y el comportamiento, los murciélagos difieren en el uso del hábitat, con respuestas específicas de la especie a los cambios del paisaje. En este estudio evaluamos cómo los murciélagos de diferentes gremios tróficos que pueden ser capturados con redes de niebla, se relacionan con diferentes hábitats presentes en un paisaje agrícola hiperfragmentado. Con la ayuda de redes de niebla, se capturaron 309 murciélagos en 30 noches de recolección entre junio de 2016 y julio de 2018. Nuestros resultados muestran diferencias en el uso del hábitat entre especies de diferentes gremios tróficos. Mientras que los murciélagos insectívoros están positivamente relacionados con la cantidad de agua presente en el punto de recolección, los murciélagos frugívoros muestran una respuesta negativa. Estos resultados refuerzan la importancia de la heterogeneidad del paisaje en los mosaicos agrícolas para mantener la biodiversidad y proporcionar servicios ecosistémicos.

RESUMO Jogado em todo o mundo, o golfe está ganhando popularidade, sendo um esporte que depende das habilidades individuais, tornando-se importante a busca por ferramentas que visem buscar e orientar seus respectivos talentos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar a distribuição dos indicadores dermatoglíficos de golfistas de alto rendimento e de um grupo controle de não atletas. A amostra foi composta por 46 indivíduos com idade e sexo pareados, divididos em dois grupos: o Grupo Golf (GG), composto por 23 golfistas e o Grupo Controle (GC), composto por 23 indivíduos controle aleatoriamente selecionados. Os golfistas, parte do Projeto Golf Brasil da Confederação Brasileira de Golfe, tinham idade entre 11 e 21 anos. Os resultados demonstram que o número de linhas no padrão de seis possíveis variáveis de impressão digital (MESQL1, MESQL2, MESQL4, MESQL5, SQTLE, SQTL) é maior nos golfistas (GG) quando comparado ao grupo controle (GC). Quando observadas as variáveis qualitativas, ou seja, o tipo de figura, observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos, visto que os Golfistas (GG) apresentaram maior quantidade de Presilha Radial (LR) no MDT5 quando comparados ao grupo controle (GC). Os resultados encontrados neste estudo demonstraram que o perfil dermatoglífico de golfistas de alto rendimento difere da população não atleta.

ABSTRACT Played all over the world, golf has gained popularity, for it is a sport that depends on individual abilities. For this reason the search for tools that aim to seek and guide its respective talented players has become very important. Therefore, this study had the objective of comparing the distribution of the dermatoglyphic indicators of high performance golfers and of a group control of non-athletes. The sample was composed of 46 individuals with paired age and gender, divided into two groups: the Group Golf (GG), composed of 23 golfers, and the Group Control (GC), composed of 23 individuals control randomly selected. The golfers, part of the Project Golf Brazil of the Brazilian Golf Confederation, were between 11 and 21 years old. The results demonstrated that the number of lines in the pattern was of six possible variables of fingerprint (MESQL1, MESQL2, MESQL4, MESQL5, SQTLE, SQTL) is significantly higher in the golfers (GG) when compared to the group control (GC). When observed the qualitative variables, i. e., the pattern type, significant diferences where observed between the groups, since the golfers (GG) presented more Radial Loops (RL) in MDT5 when compared to the group control (GC). The results found in this study demonstrated that the dermatoglyphic profile of high performance golfers differ from the non-athlete population.

ABSTRACT Due to the high impact of Asian soybean rust (SBR) in Brazilian croplands, several studies have been conducted in order to maintain or increase the grain yield gain over years in the presence of the pathogen. The aim of this study was to define a breeding strategy applying uni and multivariate approaches for diallel analyzes in early generation trials and contrasting disease conditions. Thus, assessing genetic parameters to identify traits related to greater tolerance to soybean rust. Deploying a North Carolina design II scheme (4 elite commercial cultivars × 10 rust-tolerant experimental lines), we obtained 40 F2 crosses that were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The crosses were conducted in two environments, contrasting only for the fungicide management (with and without rust control), enabling the estimation of the rust impact on 11 traits, divided into two groups: adaptive and reproductive. A multi-environment diallel model was applied assuming all effects as fixed in order to estimate the general (GCA) and the specific (SCA) combining abilities. The multivariate diallel analysis was performed in each rust management using MANOVA to test the genetic effects. The rust conditions were the most important source of variation for almost all evaluated traits. Using the contrasting disease conditions, we were able to identify crosses with desirable SCA and parents with GCA, which implies that tolerance can be used as a strategy to deal with SBR. The implementation and the use of multivariate diallel analysis aiming to increase the efficiency of genotype selection for rust tolerance is discussed.

RESUMO: A determinação da evapotranspiração real da cultura (ETa) é importante para o manejo da irrigação. Os principais métodos e modelos físicos de estimativa da ETa requerem dados que não são facilmente disponíveis. Neste trabalho, obteve-se o coeficiente da cultura (Kc) da laranja lima na fase inicial de desenvolvimento e avaliou-se o desempenho do modelo semi-empírico de Poulovassilis acoplado a um balanço hídrico simplificado na estimativa da ETa. A ETa (medida) foi obtida a partir da variação temporal do conteúdo de água no solo, obtida através da reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR). O modelo de POULOVASSILIS et al. (2001) assume que a redução da evapotranspiração da cultura é expressa por uma função exponencial do armazenamento de água do solo e por um coeficiente de ajuste empírico (ca). O armazenamento de água do solo foi obtido através do balanço hídrico (BH), diário e decendial, contabilizando as entradas e saídas de água do sistema. O parâmetro empírico ca foi obtido por modelagem inversa. O valor ótimo de ca obtido por modelagem inversa 0,05 para o BH diário e 0,03 para o BH decendial. O modelo apresentou melhor desempenho para o BH diário, comparável a outros modelos de estimativa da ETa. O Kc médio para fase inicial da laranja lima foi igual a 0,85.

ABSTRACT: Determining actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) is paramount for irrigation management. The principal measurement methods and physical models generally require crop and weather data that are not readily available. We determined the crop coefficient (Kc) of sweet oranges during the initial development stage and evaluated the performance of the Poulovassilis semi-empirical model coupled with a simple soil water balance for estimating the ETa. The ETa was inferred from the variation in the soil water content over time, measured by time-domain reflectometry. In the Poulovassilis model, the ETa is obtained by multiplying the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) by an adjustment coefficient (ca), which accounts for a reduction in the evapotranspiration caused by soil water depletion. Soil water storage was obtained using the daily and 10-day soil water balances, computed by considering inputs and outputs of water from the system. The empirical parameter, ca, was determined using inverse modeling. The optimal ca value obtained through inverse modeling was 0.05 and 0.03 for the daily and 10-day soil water balances, respectively. The model performed better for the daily soil water balance than the 10-day balance, with performance comparable with the other ETa models. Average Kc during the sweet orange initial crop stage was 0.85.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the influence of spraying nozzles on the selectivity of herbicides in eucalyptus seedlings. XR 110.02 and TTI 110.02 spraying nozzles were used for the application of the herbicides: control treatment; oxyfluorfen (150 g ha–1) and saflufenacil (98 g ha–1). The experimental arrangement was a 2 × 3 factorial one (two spraying nozzles × 3 herbicides), using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The application was performed 15 days after transplanting the seedlings. Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), total dry matter (DM), leaf area (LA), visual phytotoxicity (P), quantum efficiency of photosystem II - Fv/Fm, electron transport rate (ETR) and SPAD (S) index were evaluated. The XR 110.02 and TTI 110.02 nozzles did not change the selectivity of oxyfluorfen and saflufenacil.

RESUMO As espécies que apresentam potencial alelopático são promissoras na agricultura, ante a perspectiva da identificação e manipulação dos seus metabólitos secundários, para aplicações práticas e, assim, sua utilização no controle de plantas daninhas. Por esta razão, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito alelopático e identificar os metabólitos secundários de Canavalia ensiformis L. Sementes de Lactuca sativa, Digitaria insularis, Emilia coccinea e Portulaca oleracea foram utilizadas como receptoras. Para avaliar o potencial alelopático, foi preparado o extrato etanólico da parte aérea (folhas mais caules) da espécie doadora. Os efeitos potencialmente alelopáticos foram avaliados por meio de testes de germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas. Foi realizada, também, por meio da técnica da Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência, a identificação dos metabólitos secundários da parte aérea de C. ensiformis. O extrato etanólico causa inibição da percentagem e do índice de velocidade de germinação de L. sativa. A parte aérea de C. ensiformis contém ácidos fenólicos (ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico, ácido cafeico), flavonoides (kaempferol, naringina e rutina) e ácidos carboxílicos (ácido cítrico, ácido malônico e ácido aspártico), podendo ser os responsáveis pela atividade alelopática dessa espécie.

ABSTRACT The species that have allelopathic potential are promising in agriculture, with the perspective of identifying their secondary metabolites and manipulating them, for practical applications and thus be used to control weeds. In this context, this work aimed to verify the allelopathic effect and to identify the secondary metabolites in the Canavalia ensiformis species. The Lactuca sativa, Digitaria insularis, Emilia coccinea and Portulaca oleracea species were used as recipient species. To evaluate the allelopathic potential, the ethanolic extract of the aerial part (leaf + stem) of the donor specie was carried out. Potential allelopathic effects were evaluated by germination tests and initial seedling growth. The identification of the secondary metabolites of the aerial part of C. ensiformis was also performed using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography technique. The ethanolic extract cause inhibition of germination and germination speed index of L. sativa. The aerial part of C. ensiformis contains the compounds belonging to phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid), flavonoids (kaempferol, naringin and rutin) and carboxylic acids (citric acid, malonic acid and aspartic acid) they can be responsible for the allelopathic activity of this species.

ABSTRACT The chemical control of weed is a common practice in silviculture. However, herbicides can potentially damage the main crop and affect its growth. The lack of information about certain species such as Khaya senegalensis make it necessary to know the phytotoxic effects of herbicides. The purpose of this research was to analyze the phytotoxic effects of five herbicides on African mahogany seedlings. The used herbicides were: saflufenacil, amicarbazone, clomazone, isoxaflutole and sulfentrazone, at doses recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture for forest species. Visual, physiological (maximum ETR, SPAD, Yield protocol and FV/FM) and morphological evaluations were performed up to 60 DAA. The symptoms started after 24 hours from the application; saflufenacil and clomazone were the ones that presented more plants with symptoms such as leaf wrinkling and small necrotic spots, but all of them had low phytotoxicity. The physiological evaluations did not present significant differences and the herbicides did not inhibit the growth or the appearance of new leaves. All tested herbicides caused no phytotoxicity to African mahogany seedlings.