Abstract The symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fruit tree plants is a sustainable strategy for producing seedlings. However, information for Dipteryx alata Vogel., a native species, is still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most promising AMF inoculum for producing D. alata seedlings and their effects on growth. Seedlings were inoculated with Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Gigaspora albida, Gigaspora margarita, a mixture of these three species, and an uninoculated control. Height, diameter, and chlorophyll index were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after seedling transplanting, while biomass production, quality index, dependence, and mycorrhizal efficiency were evaluated at 180 days. Greater diameter and height values were observed for D. alata seedlings at 180 days and inoculated with G. albida, G. margarita, and the mixture. AMF of the genus Gigaspora positively contributed to biomass production and seedling quality. D. alata seedlings show high mycorrhizal dependence on G. albida and G. margarita inoculum, which had good mycorrhizal efficiency. AMF, especially those of the genus Gigaspora, favor the production of high-quality D. alata seedlings.

Resumo A simbiose entre fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) com plantas arbóreas frutíferas é uma estratégia sustentável para a produção de mudas. Entretanto, informações para Dipteryx alata Vogel., uma espécie nativa, são insuficientes. Assim, objetivamos identificar os inóculos de FMA mais promissores para D. alata e seus efeitos no crescimento das mudas. As mudas foram inoculadas com Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Gigaspora albida, Gigaspora margarita e a mistura dessas três espécies, além do controle não inoculadas. As avaliações de altura, diâmetro e índices de robustez e de clorofila foram realizadas aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após o transplantio das mudas, enquanto que a produção de biomassa, índice de qualidade, dependência e eficiência micorrízica foram aos 180 dias. Os maiores valores de altura e diâmetro foram observados nas mudas de D. alata aos 180 dias e inoculadas com G. albida, G. margarita e a mistura. Os FMA do gênero Gigaspora contribuíram positivamente na produção de biomassas e qualidade das mudas. As mudas de D. alata apresentam alta dependência micorrízica ao inóculo de G. albida e G. margarita, os quais tiveram boa eficiência micorrízica. Os FMA, especialmente do gênero Gigaspora, favorecem a produção de mudas de D. alata de alta qualidade.

Vitamin A and zinc are powerful antioxidants with synergy between them, thus protecting the organism against oxidative stress during the pre and postoperative periods. Our aim was to investigate the evolution clinical in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting while receiving vitamin A supplements according to their zinc nutritional status. They were randomly divided into two groups (2:1): Control group (G1 = 60); and Supplemented group (G2 = 30) and subdivided according to the nutritional status of zinc. Serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, zinc and levels of malondialdehyde were measured prior to (T0) and on the 21st day (T1) following surgery. After surgery, was found a significant difference between G1 and G2 when comparing retinol (G1 = 38.7 ± 17.1 μg/dL and G2 = 62.1 ± 20.3 μg/dL; p < 0.001) and β-carotene (G1 = 12.3 ± 5.7 μg/dL and G2 = 53.5 ± 20.9 μg/dL; p < 0.001) in the patients with adequate concentrations of zinc. Analyzing the evolution clinical, operative mortality was 8.33% in G1 and 3.33% in G2. Hospitalization time significantly smaller in the G2 was found in the patients who had adequate concentrations of zinc (p = 0.001), as well as time in the intensive care unit both in those with adequate and inadequate levels of zinc (p = 0.047; p = 0.039). Such results may indicate that vitamin A supplementation may have a positive impact in combating the oxidative stress to which these patients are exposed above all in patients with adequate levels of zinc.

La vitamina A y zinc son antioxidantes de gran alcance con la sinergia entre ellos, lo que protege el organismo contra el estrés oxidativo durante los períodos pre y postoperatorio. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la evolución clínica en pacientes sometidos a cirugía miocàrdica, mientras que recibir suplementos de vitamina A en función de su estado nutricional de zinc. Ellos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos (2:1): grupo control (G1 = 60) y el grupo suplementado (G2 = 30) y se subdividen de acuerdo con el estado nutricional de zinc. Las concentraciones séricas de retinol, β-caroteno, el zinc y los niveles de malondialdehído se midieron antes (T0) y el día 21 (T1) después de la cirugía. Después de la cirugía, se encontró una diferencia significativa entre G1 y G2, al comparar el retinol (G1 = 38,7 ± 17,1 μg / dl y G2 = 62,1 ± 20,3 μg/dl, p < 0,001) y el β-caroteno (G1 = 12,3 + 5,7 g/dl y G2 = 53,5 ± 20,9 μg/dl, p <0,001) en los pacientes con concentraciones adecuadas de zinc. El anàlisis de la evolución clínica, la mortalidad operatoria fue del 8,33% en el G1 y el 3,33% en el G2. El tiempo de hospitalización significativamente menor en el G2 se encontró en los pacientes que tenían concentraciones adecuadas de zinc (p = 0,001), así como el tiempo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, tanto en aquellos con niveles adecuados e inadecuados de zinc (p = 0,047, p = 0,039). Estos resultados podrían indicar que suplementos de vitamina A puede tener un impacto positivo en la lucha contra el estrés oxidativo al que estos pacientes estàn expuestos, sobre todo en pacientes con niveles adecuados de zinc.

Photon stimulated ion desorption (PSID) studies have been performed in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) using synchrotron radiation, covering from valence to core electron (Cl 2p and C 1s) energy ranges. Data acquisition was performed at the TGM beam line from the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS), operating in a multi-bunch mode and using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). A new pulsed system developed uses as a trigger for the TOF-MS experiments the pulsed extraction high voltage applied to the sample. Ionic desorption from PVC and PVDC shows strong selectivity in the formation of chlorine ions around the Cl 2p-edge while very similar fragmentation patterns are observed for the other energies studied.

Ionization and dissociation of the formic acid molecule (HCOOH) by energetic charged particles have been studied for 1 keV electrons and nearly equivelocity 2 MeV protons. Whereas the fragmentation pattern induced by impact of electron and proton show close similarities, some distinctions in the fragmentation yields were observed for these equivelocity projectiles.

Ionic fragmentation of the sublimated amino acid DL-proline has been studied using time-of-flight mass spectrometry and synchrotron radiation. Total ion yield and mass spectra were recorded in the 13 to 21.6 eV energy range. Partial ion yields have been calculated for the produced fragments and the results analyzed in a comparative way. Mass spectrum of proline previously obtained at 21.21 eV using photons from a discharge lamp (He I), was used as reference in the comparison to the synchrotron radiation based spectra. The loss of the COOH fragment represents the most probable dissociation pathway following the photoionization of DL-proline in the valence region. These are the first results of total and partial ion yields spectra for this molecule in its gas phase in the valence region using time-of-flight spectrometry.

Angle-resolved electron energy-loss spectra have been measured for the methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene molecules in the 0 - 50 eV energy range. The spectra have been obtained at 1 keV incident energy, with an energy resolution of 0.8 eV and covering an angular range of 2.0 to 7.0 degrees. Within our knowledge, this is the first gas-phase excitation spectrum for MMA and styrene in this energy range. The spectra of MMA at small scattering angles are dominated by an intense peak at 6.7 eV followed by a broad band centered at about 16 eV. In the case of styrene, six bands can be observed in the spectra. Based on the angular behaviour of the excitation spectra of these molecules, the low-lying peaks observed are considered to be associated predominantly with dipole-allowed processes. In both cases, new bands can be observed for excitation energies greater than 20 eV. This could be associated with dipole-forbidden transitions to shake-up and doubly-excited states.