ABSTRACT The Cerambycidae Oncideres impluviata (Germar, 1823) is an important insect pest for Acacia mearnsii De Wild in Southern Brazil. The damage caused by their girdling behavior reduces tree productivity, specially in the early years of plant establishment, when girdling is performed on the main trunk of trees. Here, we used a fragment of the mtDNA COI gene to analyze the genetic diversity, population structure and demography of O. impluviata in Southern Brazil, as well as to present the first hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Oncideres. Our results identified five distinct haplotypes among the populations of O. impluviata, with the most common haplotype identified as O.imp_COI_01. The phylogenetic inferences corroborated the monophyly of O. impluviata with maximum statistical support. In addition, the phylogeny recovered three main population strains that are largely congruent with the haplotype network, which includes two lineages that are found in different edaphic regions of Rio Grande do Sul (Serra do Sudeste and Encosta Inferior do Nordeste). This is the first molecular phylogenetic assessment of O. impluviata. Our findings provide insights into the evolution of a significant species for the Brazilian forestry sector, as well as new resources for planning of pest management strategies.

ABSTRACT We present new records for 42 species of longhorn beetles (Cerambycinae) in the Amazon Region, including the first report of Tomopteropsis cerdai Peñaherrera-Leiva & Tavakilian, 2003 in Brazil (Rondônia). New state records are provided for Amapá (one species), Amazonas (six species), Pará (one species), Rondônia (seven species), Roraima (13 species), and Acre (17 species). The new records expand the known distribution of the species and illustrate the important role played by inventories like the thematic network “Biodiversidade de Insetos na Amazônia” (Rede BIA) in helping us understand the biodiversity of the Amazon region.

Synopsis of the genus Exalphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), with description of a new species and new country records. A synopsis of Exalphus Restello et al., 2001 is presented. Exalphus solangeae sp. nov. is described from Brazil (Amazonas). A key to identification with illustrations for 14 species of the genus is provided, and notes on distribution with new records are included for nine species: E. biannulatus (Aurivillius, 1921), E. calvifrons (Bates, 1872), E. colasi (Lane, 1965), E. foveatus (Marinoni & Martins, 1978), E. gounellei (Lane, 1973), E. guaraniticus (Lane, 1955), E. leuconotus (Thomson, 1860), E. malleri (Lane, 1955) and E. spilonotus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001.

Alphus marinonii sp. nov., new species from Peru and Brazil (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). A new species of Alphus, A. marinonii sp. nov., from Peru and Brazil (Rondônia) is described. Key to identification and pictures for the four species of the genus are provided. Notes on distribution of A. tuberosus are included, with a new record for Peru and Brazil (Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul).

Cerambycidae representa uma das maiores famílias de besouros e estima-se que existam cerca de 25000 espécies de Cerambycidae no mundo. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre a distribuição geográfica de muitas espécies, conseqüência da escassez de coletas em algumas regiões, como a Amazônia. Os cerambicídeos desempenham um papel imprescindível na cadeia ecológica, contribuindo na reciclagem de madeira morta na floresta. Neste estudo, é apresentado um inventário de Cerambycidae do Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas durante o período de junho de 2008 a maio de 2009 utilizando as armadilhas Malaise e luminosa (modelo Luiz de Queiroz). Um total de 61 espécies foram identificadas, das quais 33 são novos registros para Rondônia e um para a região amazônica Anisopodus melzeri Gilmour, 1965.

Cerambycidae is one of the largest families of beetles and it is estimated that there are about 25,000 species of longhorned beetles in the world. However, little is known about the distribution of many species in some regions, including the Amazon. The longhorned beetles are indispensable in the ecological chain, contributing mostly to the recycling of dead wood in forest. The present study is an inventory of the Cerambycidae of the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. Insects were sampled from June 2008 to May 2009 using Malaise and light traps. A total of 61 species were identified, of which 33 are new records for Rondônia and one for Amazon region, i.e., Anisopodus melzeri Gilmour, 1965.