Este estudo verificou a densidade optica de quatro cimentos resinosos - RelyX ARC (RY), Enforce (E), C&B Cement (CB) and Flow it (FI) - nas espessuras de 2, 3 e 4 mm, e comparou esses materiais com o esmalte e a dentina nas mesmas espessuras. Quinze coroas de terceiros molars foram incluidas em cilindros de PVC com resina acrilica autopolimerizavel. Alem disso, resina acrilica foi vertida dentro de 5 cilindros de PVC e feitos quatro orificios equidistantes, sendo um material inserido em cada orificio. Fatias das coroas e dos materiais foram obtidos em maquina de corte laboratorial nas espessuras de 4, 3 e 2 mm. O sistema Digora foi usado para obter as imagens digitais. Tres radiografias de cada espessura foram obtidas, totalizando 135 radiografias para as coroas e 45 para os materiais. Tres leituras foram realizadas em cada radiografia, sendo tres em esmalte, tres em dentina e tres em cada material, totalizando 1350 leituras. De acordo com o teste de Student (p≤0,05), os materiais RY e CB nao tiveram diferenca estatistica do esmalte em todas as espessuras, mas se diferenciaram do E e do FI, os quais apresentaram valores de densidade optica estatisticamente superiores. RY nao se diferenciou estatisticamente da dentina, apresentando um valor menor do que o esmalte e dos outros materiais em todas as espessuras. Os cimentos resinosos E e FI podem facilmente ser diferenciados das estruturas dentais, enquanto CB e RY nao seriam facilmente diferenciados.

This study verified the optical density of four composite resin luting agents - RelyX ARC (RY), Enforce (E), C&B Cement (CB) and Flow it (FI), at thicknesses of 2, 3, and 4 mm. The optical density of the luting agents was compared with that of enamel and dentin at the same thicknesses. Fifteen tooth crowns were embedded in PVC cylinders with self-cured acrylic resin. In addition, acrylic resin was poured into 5 PVC cylinders and four equidistant 5 mm diameter holes were prepared, with one luting material inserted in each. A laboratory cutting machine was used to prepare 4-, 3- and 2-mm thick slices of the tooth crowns and materials. Digital images were obtained with a Digora system. Three radiographs of each thickness were obtained, totalizing 135 radiographs of the crowns and 45 of the materials. Three readings were carried out on each radiograph: three in enamel, three in dentin and three in each material, totalizing 1350. According to Student’s t-test (p≤0.05), the materials RY and CB did not differ statistically from enamel at any thickness, but differed from E and FI, which had statistically higher results. RY did not differ statistically from dentin, presenting a lower value than enamel and lower than the other materials at all thicknesses. The composite resin luting agents E and FI can be distinguished from dental structures, while the CB and RY are not easily distinguished.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar de mulheres adultas sadias durante o ciclo menstrual. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco voluntárias foram acompanhadas durante três meses. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi baseada no índice de massa corporal, porcentagem de gordura e água corporal. Foram aplicados seis registros alimentares para análise da ingestão dos grupos de alimentos, usando como base o guia alimentar da pirâmide. Para a observação do sintoma "desejos alimentares", foram utilizados três "mapas de sintomas diários". RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de índice de massa corporal e de porcentagem de gordura corporal apresentaram-se normais em ambas as fases, entretanto foi observado maior percentual de mulheres com água corporal acima do padrão na fase lútea (77%). O consumo de alimentos do grupo complementar foi maior na fase lútea. Todos os outros grupos de alimentos, com exceção do grupo de carnes, apresentaram consumo inferior às recomendações, em ambas as fases. A intensidade do sintoma "desejos alimentares" foi leve durante o ciclo menstrual, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre as fases. O sintoma "desejos alimentares" associou-se positivamente com o aumento da ingestão do grupo complementar na fase lútea. CONCLUSÃO: O ciclo menstrual influencia o comportamento alimentar e leva à retenção hídrica, na fase lútea, em mulheres adultas sadias.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the nutritional status and food intake of healthy young women during the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Forty-five volunteers were followed for three months. Their nutritional status was determined by body mass index, body fat and total body water. Six food recall instruments were used to evaluate food group intake according to the food guide pyramid. Food cravings were detected by three daily symptom charts. RESULTS: The mean body mass index and body fat were normal in both phases; however, there was a higher percentage of women with above-average body water during the luteal phase (77%). The consumption of foods from the complementary group was higher during the luteal phase. The consumption of foods from all other groups during both phases was below the recommended levels, except for meats. Food cravings were mild during the entire menstrual cycle and there were no significant differences between the phases. Food cravings were positively associated with increased intake of foods from the complementary group. CONCLUSION: In healthy women, the menstrual cycle influences food consumption and the luteal phase causes water retention.

This study evaluated the optical density of two microfilled and two microhybrid resins, as well as the composition of these materials with regard to their optical density. Cavities prepared in 12 2-mm- or 4-mm-thick acrylic plastic plates were filled with Z250 (3M-ESPE), A110 (3M-ESPE), Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer) and DurafillVS (Heraeus-Kulzer). The resin increments (2-mm-thick) were light-cured for 40 s. Three 0.12-s radiographic exposures were made of each #2 acrylic plastic plate. DenOptix system optical plates were used to obtain the digital images. Three readings of the composite resin surface were made in each radiograph, totalizing 216 readings. The mean of highest and lowest grey-scale values was obtained. Two specimens of each composite resin were prepared for SEM analysis of the chemical elements related to optical density, using energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). The results were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk's test, ANOVA, Tukey's test at 1% level of significance and Pearson's correlation. The mean grey-scale values at 2 mm and 4 mm were: Z250 = 154.27a and 185.33w; A110 = 46.77b and 63.05y; Charisma = 163.40c and 200.46z; DurafillVS = 43.92b and 58.99x, respectively. Pearson's test did not show any positive correlation between optical density and percentage weight of optical density chemical elements. It was concluded that the microhybrid resins had higher optical density means than the microfilled resins; among the evaluated resins, Charisma had the highest optical density means.

A expressão do sistema enzimático produzido por fungos basidiomicetos envolvido na degradação de xenobióticos é bastante dependente das condições de cultivo, principalmente da composição do meio de cultivo. Trametes villosa CCB176 é uma linhagem com comprovado potencial biotecnológico para degradação de compostos organoclorados e descoloração de corantes têxteis. Foi avaliada a influência da concentração de glicose, adição de emulsão de óleo vegetal e surfactante, natureza do surfactante e os metais manganês e cobre no crescimento, pH e na produção das atividades de lacase, de peroxidases totais e de peroxidase dependente de manganês. No geral, ocorreu acidificação do meio com pH atingindo valor próximo a 3,5, nos primeiros dias de crescimento. Lacase foi a principal atividade detectada nas diferentes condições e sua produção se deu durante todo o período de cultivo do fungo, independente da fase de crescimento. Suplementação do meio com óleo vegetal emulsificado com surfactante resultou em indução da atividade de peroxidase dependente de manganês produzida por T. villosa. Maiores valores de rendimento específico da atividade de lacase foram propiciados pelo cobre.

The expression of the enzymatic system produced by basidiomycetous fungi, which is involved in the degradation of xenobiotics, mainly depends on culture conditions, especially of the culture medium composition. Trametes villosa is a strain with a proven biotechnological potential for the degradation of organochlorine compounds and for the decolorization of textile dyes. The influence of glucose concentration, addition of a vegetable oil-surfactant emulsion, nature of the surfactant and the presence of manganese and copper on the growth, pH and production of laccase, total peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase activities were evaluated. In general, acidification of the medium was observed, with the pH reaching a value close to 3.5 within the first days of growth. Laccase was the main activity detected under the different conditions and was produced throughout the culture period of the fungus, irrespective of the growth phase. Supplementation of the medium with vegetable oil emulsified with a surfactant induced manganese-dependent peroxidase activity in T. villosa. Higher specific yields of laccase activity were obtained with the addition of copper.