ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairment, cognitive decline and psychiatric symptoms. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae, had been studied for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and in this study, the stem bark was evaluated for the neuroprotective effects on behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by administrations of rotenone in rats. Behavioral evaluations were performed using open-field and rotarod. The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities were determined by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation method respectively. The administration of rotenone (3 mg/kg, s.c.) produced hypolocomotion, increase of immobility and muscle incoordination, while the treatment with S. terebinthifolius stem bark extract (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg p.o.) for seven days prevented rotenone-induced dysfunctional behavior. Biochemical analysis of the substantia nigra, striatum and cortex revealed that rotenone administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation, which was inhibited by treatment with all doses of S. terebinthifolius. The results suggested neuroprotective effect of S. terebinthifolius possibly mediated through its antioxidant activity, indicating a potential therapeutic benefit of this species in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

<p>Neste artigo foi abordado o enlace entre Oriente e Ocidente nas questões sociais e geopolíticas do século XX e início do XXI. Realiza-se uma breve análise sobre o colonialismo europeu e a sua construção considerando o mundo árabe e islâmico, os fluxos migratórios para os países centrais e a origem do fundamentalismo no Ocidente. As questões atuais se desdobram a partir da construção do orientalismo, da dominação política e econômica que levou à formação de estereótipos e preconceitos com o árabe e o islã. O objetivo é apresentar elementos para uma reflexão a respeito da migração dos árabes e muçulmanos no contexto das guerras e conflitos do século XX e início deste século. Também visa esclarecer a origem dos estereótipos e reforçar a necessidade do conhecimento do outro para que o diálogo e a coexistência estejam no centro do debate.</p>

<p>In this article, the link between East and West in social and geopolitical issues of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries was approached. A brief analysis of European colonialism and its construction considering the Arab and Islamic world, migration to the central countries and the rise of orientalism was conducted. Current issues unfold from the construction of orientalism, the political and economic domination that led to the formation of stereotypes and prejudices towards the Arab and Islam. The goal is to provide elements for a reflection on the migration of Arabs and Muslims in the context of wars and conflicts of the twentieth century and beginning of this century. It also aims to clarify the origin of stereotypes and reinforce the need for knowledge of the other so that dialogue and coexistence are at the center of the debate.</p>

<p>En este artículo se abordó el enlace entre Oriente y Occidente en las cuestiones sociales y geopolíticas del siglo XX y principios del XXI. Se realizó un breve análisis acerca del colonialismo europeo y su construcción considerando el mundo árabe e islámico, los flujos migratorios para los países centrales y la origen del fundamentalismo en el Occidente. Las cuestiones actuales se desdoblan a partir de la construcción del orientalismo, de la dominación política y económica que llevó a la formación de estereotipos y prejuicios hacia el árabe y el islam. El objetivo es la presentación de elementos para la reflexión acerca de la migración de los árabes y musulmanes en el contexto de guerras y conflictos del siglo XX y principios de este siglo. También tiene por objetivo aclarar la origen de los estereotipos y reforzar la necesidad del conocimiento del otro para que el diálogo y la coexistencia estén en el centro del debate.</p>

<title>Résumé</title><p>Dans cet article, on fait une approche des questions telles que le lien entre l' Orient et l'Occident en ce qui concerne les problèmes sociaux et géopolitiques du XXe siècle et au début du XXIe siècle. Dans une brève analyse on présent de certaines questions fondamentales du colonialisme européen et sa construction en lien avec le monde arabe et islamique, la migration vers les pays de base et la montée du fondamentalisme dans l'Occident. Les conflits actuels ont été développés à partir de la construction de l'orientalisme, de la domination politique et économique qui a conduit à la formation des stéréotypes et des préjugés envers l'arabe et l'islam. La situation conflictuelle aujourd'hui est fondé sur les intérêts géopolitiques et économiques, beaucoup plus que les différences culturelles ou religieuses. L'article vise à clarifier certains des stéréotypes, en indiquant des liens possibles, et à renforcer la nécessité d'une connaissance de l'autre pour mettre le dialogue et la coexistence au centre du débat.</p>