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ABSTRACT Objective: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations related to chylomicron metabolism. The objective of this study is to show the development and results of a screening program for FCS in Argentina. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. All patients > 18 years with a triglyceride level ≥ 1,000 mg/dL in the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were included. The program was developed in three stages: (1) Review of electronic records and identification of suspected laboratory cases (triglyceride level ≥ 1,000 mg/dL); (2) Identification of suspected clinical cases (all suspected laboratory cases that had no relevant secondary factors) and application of the FCS score to define probable cases (score ≥ 10); (3) Perform genetic tests in probable cases. Results: Globally, 348 suspected laboratory cases (mean age of 49.9 years, 77.3% men) were included. The median triglycerides level was 1,309 mg/dL (interquartile range 1,175-1,607 mg/dL). In total, 231 patients were categorized as suspected clinical cases. After applying the FCS score, 3% of them were classified as “very likely FCS” (probable cases). Four variants of uncertain significance have been identified. No previously reported pathogenic variants were detected. Conclusion: This study shows a screening program for the detection of FCS. Although no patient was diagnosed with FCS, we believe that more programs of these characteristics should be developed in our region, given the importance of early detection of this metabolic disorder.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000601

Consenso de manejo del paciente con diabetes mellitus y patología cardiovascular. Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología (SAC)-Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes (SAD)
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Giorgi, Mariano Aníbal

; Litwak, León E.

; Sanabria, Hugo

; Lavalle Cobo, Augusto

; Musso, Carla

; Salmeri, Emiliano

; Álvarez, José

; Aranguren, Florencia

; Belcastro, Fernando

; Brites, Fernando

; Buso, Carlos

; Calvagno, Marta

; Caroli, Christian

; Celano, Leonardo

; Cohen Arazi, Hernán

; Comtesse, Daniel

; Corral, Pablo

; Costabel, Juan Pablo

; Elbert, Alicia

; Faingold, Cristina

; Fuente, Graciela

; García Merletti, Pablo

; Giorgi, Mariano Aníbal

; Giunta, Gustavo

; Gómez Santamaría, Héctor

; González Naya, Enrique

; Hadid, Claudio

; Kraselnik, Ariel

; Lavalle Cobo, Augusto

; Litwak, León

; Lobo, Martín

; Lozada, Alfredo

; Majul, Claudio

; Masson, Walter

; Musso, Carla

; Nogueira, Juan

; Persi, Gabriel

; Rodríguez, Martín

; Salmeri, Emiliano

; Sanabria, Hugo

; Schraier, Silvio

; Sinay, Isaac

; Siniawski, Daniel

; Thierer, Jorge

; Salzberg, Susana

; Suárez Cordo, Cristian

; Lerman, Jorge

; Sosa Liprandi, Álvaro

Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes

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Mar 2021, Volume 55 Supl. 1 Páginas 3 - 70

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract This Consensus comes to light in the midst of one of the worst global health crises in the last 100 years. SARS-CoV-2 and its clinical manifestation, COVID-19, have caused a disruption in how doctors and patients interact. Although it is an infectious disease, one of the most notable characteristics is that its mortality increases in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases and, in particular, with a history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this context, then, we believe that the recommendations made in this document, which aim to identify and protect these patients, become more relevant, while the implementation, beyond the statements, of specific cardiometabolic prevention policies becomes a priority. Methodology: this consensus is the result of the will of two Scientific Societies that have recognized the need to complement the focus on the same problem: that of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), or who are at risk to suffer it. Both the Argentine Society of Cardiology (SAC) and the Argentine Society of Diabetes (SAD) have a recognized track record in the production of practice guidelines and consensus documents, although each has different work practices and cultures. Consequently, the first task that was faced was to agree, not only on the agenda and the approach to the different issues, but also on common working methods: general objective of the document, how to analyze and evalua-te the weight of the information, define the levels of evidence and determine the degrees of recommendation. It was agreed to adopt the modality used by the SAC in all the documents produced by the Consensus and Standards Area, set out in the following table: The experts who collaborated in the drafting of the Consensus were selected and invited to participate with the unanimous agreement of the group of Directors and Secretaries belonging to both Scientific Societies. Colleagues with recognized experience in the disciplines addressed were summoned to analyze the evidence and write the recommendations. All the methodological aspects and the final recommendations of this document were defined by agreement between the group of Directors and Consensus Secretaries.The information consolidation process was slow: from the decision of both companies until the writing of this document, the field of DM and CVD management underwent profound transformations that transcend the appearance of new therapeutic agents. What has been developed is a new approach model that is, in the words of Dr. Alicia Elbert, transdisciplinary. This has implied waiting and being able to understand and "process" all the information that has emerged in these years. This document, which aims to assist physicians in daily practice, has tried to adopt this new integrative perspective.

Aplicación sistemática de un algoritmo para el manejo lipídico en pacientes de muy alto riesgo cardiovascular. Impacto en los objetivos lipídicos
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MASSON, WALTER

; BARBAGELATA, LEANDRO

; LEE, MARTÍN

; SINIAWSKI, DANIEL

; NAVARRO ESTRADA, JOSÉ LUIS

; ARIAS, ANÍBAL

; CAGIDE, ARTURO

; PIZARRO, RODOLFO

Revista argentina de cardiología

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Set 2020, Volume 88 Nº 5 Páginas 440 - 447

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the indicated lipid-lowering therapy and verify the achievement of the recommended lipid goals during hospitalization and early follow-up, after the systematic application of a lipid management algorithm based on current recommendations. Methods: Patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome or programmed revascularization surgery were prospectively included in the study. A lipid management algorithm, including; 1) early indication of high-intensity statins during hospitalization and 2) early follow-up (6 and 12-week controls), was systematically applied. The therapy indicated was based on position documents of the Argentine Society of Cardiology. Achievement of LDL-C goals (<70 mg/dl) at 6 and 12 weeks was analyzed. Results: A total of 292 patients were prescribed statins (high-intensity in 95.9% of cases) at hospital discharge. AT 6 weeks, 62.5% reached the LDL-C goal. The therapeutic plan was modified in 36.3% of patients (increased dose of statins in 19.7% and addition of ezetimibe in 67.7%). At 12 weeks, 69.1% of the subgroup which has not fulfilled the goal at 6 weeks, attained the lipid target. A PCSK9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) was indicated in 7 patients. Overall, 88.4% of patients achieved the LDL-C goal at 12 weeks. Conclusion: Many cardiovascular high-risk patients reached LDL-C goals at 12 weeks with the systematic application of a guideline-based algorithm. The indication of a PCSK9i was reserved for a reduced group of patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el tratamiento hipolipemiante indicado y verificar el cumplimiento de las metas lipídicas recomendadas durante la internación y en el seguimiento precoz, luego de aplicar sistemáticamente un algoritmo para el manejo lipídico basado en las recomendaciones actuales. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en forma consecutiva pacientes internados con síndrome coronario agudo o revascularización programada. Se aplicó sistemáticamente un algoritmo para el manejo lipídico, que incluyó: 1) indicación precoz de estatinas de alta intensidad en la internación; 2) seguimiento precoz (controles a las 6 y 12 semanas). La terapia indicada se basó en los documentos de posición de la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología. Se analizó el cumplimiento de las metas de C-LDL (<70 mg/dl) a las 6 y 12 semanas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 292 pacientes. Se indicó estatinas (95,9% de alta intensidad) a todos los pacientes al alta hospitalaria. A las 6 semanas, el 62,5% alcanzó la meta de C-LDL. Se modificó el esquema terapéutico en el 36,3% de los sujetos (aumento de la dosis de estatinas: 19,7%; agregado de ezetimibe: 67,7%). A las 12 semanas, el 69,1% del subgrupo que no había alcanzado la meta a las 6 semanas logró el objetivo lipídico. Se indicó un inhibidor de la PCSK9 (iPCSK9) a 7 pacientes. Globalmente, el 88,4% alcanzó la meta de C-LDL a las 12 semanas. Conclusión: La aplicación sistemática de un algoritmo basado en las guías determinó que muchos sujetos de alto riesgo cardiovascular alcanzaran las metas de C-LDL a las 12 semanas. La indicación de un iPCSK9 quedó reservada para un grupo reducido de pacientes.

https://doi.org/10.7775/rac.es.v88.i5.19021 79 downloads

Elegibilidad para la indicación de inhibidores de PCSK9 según las recomendaciones de diferentes sociedades científicas
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Siniawski, Daniel

; Masson, Walter

; Rossi, Emiliano

; Damonte, Juan

; Halsband, Ana

; Pizarro, Rodolfo

Medicina (Buenos Aires)

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Abr 2019, Volume 79 Nº 2 Páginas 104 - 110

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering is a primary objective in cardiovascular prevention. Recent studies demonstrated clinical benefit when proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) were added to the treatment in patients who had not achieved the LDL-C goal despite being treated with high intensity statins and ezetimibe, however the use of these drugs is limited by their cost. The American College of Cardiology, the Argentine Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Cardiology recommend an LDL-C goal less than 70 mg/dl in secondary prevention, determining thresholds of LDL-C to start treatment with PCSK9i of 70, 100 or 140 mg/dl respectively. In order to evaluate the lipid-lowering regimen prescribed in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome or coronary revascularization and analyze the proportion of eligible to be treated with PCSK9i in a real and simulated scenario, we conducted a study that included 351 patients with coronary disease collected from an electronic database of a university hospital. The 48.4% received high intensity statins, 11.4% ezetimibe and 54.7% did not achieve the LDL-C goal of less than 70 mg/dL. Using a simulation model in which all would be treated with high intensity statins and ezetimibe, the eligibility to prescribe PCSK9i was 31.1%, 12.8% and 9.1% according to the C- LDL thresholds determined by the three scientific societies. Our study demonstrated a gap between the consensus recommendations for LDL-C lowering and the current practice that should be minimized to optimize the cost/effectiveness ratio in secondary prevention.

La reducción del colesterol-LDL (C-LDL) es un objetivo primordial en prevención cardiovascular. Estudios recientes demostraron beneficio clínico al administrar inhibidores de la proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (iPCSK9) a pacientes que no habían logrado la meta de C-LDL con estatinas de alta intensidad y ezetimibe, sin embargo el uso de estos fármacos está limitado por su costo. El American College of Cardiology, la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología y la European Society of Cardiology recomiendan una meta de C-LDL menor a 70 mg/dl en prevención secundaria, determinando umbrales de C-LDL de 70, 100 o 140 mg/dl respectivamente, para iniciar el tratamiento con iPCSK9. Con el objetivo de evaluar el esquema hipolipemiante prescripto en internados por síndrome coronario agudo o revascularización coronaria y analizar la proporción de elegibles para ser tratados con iPCSK9 en un escenario real y simulado, realizamos un estudio que incluyó 351 pacientes con enfermedad coronaria, tomados de una base de datos electrónica de un hospital universitario. El 48.4% recibió estatinas de elevada intensidad, 11.4% ezetimibe y 54.7% no logró la meta de C-LDL menor a 70 mg/dl. Utilizando un modelo de simulación en el que todos serían medicados con estatinas de elevada intensidad y ezetimibe, la elegibilidad para prescribir iPCSK9 fue de 31.1%, 12.8% y 9.1% según los umbrales de C-LDL determinados por las tres sociedades científicas. Nuestro estudio demostró una brecha entre las recomendaciones de los consensos para reducir el colesterol y la práctica habitual que debería ser minimizada para optimizar la relación costo/efectividad en prevención secundaria.

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Discordant Lipid Pattern and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Importance of Remnant Cholesterol
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Masson, Walter

; Lobo, Martín

; Molinero, Graciela

; Siniawski, Daniel

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Jun 2017, Volume 108 Nº 6 Páginas 526 - 532

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: Indivíduos com níveis de não HDL-C excedendo em 30 mg/dl aqueles de LDL-C (discordância lipídica) ou com altos níveis de colesterol remanescente poderiam ter maior risco cardiovascular residual. Objetivos: determinar a prevalência de discordância lipídica em uma população de prevenção primária e analisar as variáveis clínicas com ela associadas; investigar a associação de discordância lipídica e colesterol remanescente calculado com a presença de placa carotídea. Métodos: Pacientes de prevenção primária sem diabetes ou sem terapia hipolipemiante foram incluídos. Independentemente do nível de LDL-C, definiu-se “discordância lipídica” como um valor de não HDL-C excedendo em 30 mg/dl aquele de LDL-C. Calculou-se o colesterol remanescente como colesterol total menos HDL-C menos LDL-C na presença de triglicerídeos < 4,0 mmol/l. Usou-se ultrassom para avaliar a presença de placa carotídea. Modelos de regressão logística múltipla foram construídos. Resultados: Este estudo incluiu 772 pacientes (idade média, 52 ± 11 anos; 66% mulheres). A prevalência de discordância lipídica foi de 34%. Sexo masculino e índice de massa corporal mostraram associação independente com padrão lipídico discordante. A prevalência de placa carotídea foi maior em indivíduos com discordância lipídica (40,2% vs. 29,2; p = 0,002). A análise multivariada mostrou associação do padrão lipídico discordante com maior probabilidade de placa carotídea (OR: 1,58; IC95%: 1,08-2,34; p = 0,02). Da mesma forma, identificou-se uma significativa associação entre colesterol remanescente calculado e placa carotídea. Conclusão: Discordância lipídica e presença de nível mais alto de colesterol remanescente calculado acham-se associados com aterosclerose subclínica. Nossos achados podem ser usados para aprimorar a avaliação de risco cardiovascular residual.

Abstract Background: Subjects with levels of non-HDL-C 30 mg/dL above those of LDL-C (lipid discordance) or with high remnant cholesterol levels could have a greater residual cardiovascular risk. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of lipid discordance in a primary prevention population and analyze the clinical variables associated with it; To investigate the association between lipid discordance and remnant cholesterol with the presence of carotid plaque. Methods: Primary prevention patients without diabetes or lipid-lowering therapy were included. Regardless of the LDL-C level, we define “lipid discordance” if the non-HDL-C value exceeded 30 mg/dL that of LDL-C. Remnant cholesterol was calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-C minus LDL-C when triglycerides were < 4.0 mmol/L. Ultrasound was used to assess carotid plaque occurrence. Multiple regression logistic models were performed. Results: The study included 772 patients (mean age 52 ± 11 years, 66% women). The prevalence of lipid discordance was 34%. Male sex and body mass index were independently associated with discordant lipid pattern. The prevalence of carotid plaque was higher in subjects with lipid discordance (40.2% vs. 29.2, p = 0.002). The multivariate analysis showed that the discordant lipid pattern was associated with the greater probability of carotid plaque (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.08-2.34, p = 0.02). Similarly, a significant association between calculated remnant cholesterol and carotid plaque was found. Conclusion: Lipid discordance and presence of a higher level of calculated remnant cholesterol are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Our findings could be used to improve the residual cardiovascular risk evaluation.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20170069 2377 downloads

Metas de colesterol LDL en pacientes sometidos a revascularización periférica
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BLURO, IGNACIO M.

; ROSSI, EMILIANO

; LUCAS, LUCIANO

; JUÁREZ, WALTER MASSON

; SINIAWSKI, DANIEL

; MARENCHINO, RICARDO

; FALCONI, MARIANO

; BELZITI, CÉSAR

; CAGIDE, ARTURO

Revista argentina de cardiología

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Jun 2017, Volume 85 Nº 3 Páginas 1 - 10

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Patients with peripheral vascular disease represent a group at high risk of cardiovascular events, and must therefore achieve the secondary prevention goals recommended in the guidelines. Objectives: Primary: To determine what percentage of patients undergoing peripheral revascularization surgery reached LDL cholesterol goals at 6 months of the intervention compared with patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Secondary: To determine the percentage of patients reaching these levels at 18 months of follow-up, the percentage of patients with total cholesterol dosage and lipid fraction (LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) assessment at 6 and 18 months of follow-up and the percentage of statin use during the previous year and during the long term follow-up after surgery. Methods: The degree of lipid control in a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing peripheral revascularization surgery was compared with another group of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting at 6 months and 18 months of the procedure. Results: A total of 468 individuals, 98 undergoing surgery for peripheral vascular disease and 370 for coronary artery disease were followed up for a period of 18 months. Mean LDL-C at 6 months of surgery was significantly higher in the vascular than in the coronary patients (98.8±35 mg/dl vs. 84.7±25 mg/dl, p=0.001), but lost significance at 18 months (93.3±23 mg/dl vs. 88±26 mg/dl, p=0.25). The percentage of patients achieving LDL-C target <100 mg/dl was 27.5% vs. 48.6% (p <0.0001) at 6 months in the vascular and coronary patients, respectively, and 22.5% vs. 37.3% (p=0.006) at 18 months. Conclusion: A lower percentage of patients undergoing surgical procedures for peripheral revascularization achieve LDL-C targets compared with those undergoing coronary revascularization.

Introducción: Los pacientes con enfermedad vascular periférica representan un grupo de riesgo alto de eventos cardiovasculares, por lo que deben alcanzar las metas de prevención secundaria recomendadas en las guías. Objetivos: Primario: Determinar qué porcentaje de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización periférica alcanzan las metas de colesterol LDL a los 6 meses de la intervención en comparación con los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización coronaria. Secundarios: Determinar el mencionado porcentaje a los 18 meses de seguimiento. Determinar el porcentaje de dosaje de colesterol total y fracciones de lípidos (C-LDL, C-HDL y TG) a los 6 y 18 meses de seguimiento. Determinar el porcentaje de uso de estatinas durante el año previo y durante el período de seguimiento alejado de la cirugía. Material y métodos: Se comparó el grado de control de lípidos de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización periférica con otra de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización coronaria luego de 6 meses y 18 meses del procedimiento. Resultados: Se siguieron 468 individuos, 98 operados por enfermedad vascular periférica y 370 por enfermedad coronaria por un período de 18 meses. La media de LDL a los 6 meses de la cirugía fue significativamente mayor en los vasculares que en los coronarios (98,8 ± 35 mg/dl vs. 84,7 ± 25 mg/dl; p = 0,001). Esta diferencia perdió significación a los 18 meses (93,3 ± 23 mg/dl vs. 88 ± 26 mg/dl; p = 0,25). El porcentaje de alcance de la meta de LDL < 100 mg/dl a los 6 meses en los vasculares y coronarios fue 27,5% vs. 48,6% (p < 0,0001) y a los 18 meses fue 22,5% vs. 37,3% (p = 0,006). Conclusión: Los pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos de revascularización periférica alcanzan las metas de C-LDL en un porcentaje menor en comparación con los sometidos a revascularización coronaria.

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Estimation of cardiovascular risk and detection of subclinical carotid atheromatosis in patients with diabetes without a history of cardiovascular disease
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Masson, Walter

; Francesca, Salvador De

; Molinero, Micaela

; Siniawski, Daniel

; Mulassi, Andrés

; Morales, Frank Espinoza

; Huerin, Melina

; Lobo, Martín

; Molinero, Graciela

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Mar 2017, Volume 61 Nº 2 Páginas 122 - 129

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objectives Cardiovascular risk estimated by several scores in patients with diabetes mellitus without a cardiovascular disease history and the association with carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) were the aims of this study. Materials and methods Cardiovascular risk was calculate using United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine, Framingham risk score for cardiovascular (FSCV) and coronary disease (FSCD), and the new score (NS) proposed by the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol. Ultrasound was used to assess CAP occurrence. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Results One hundred seventy patients (mean age 61.4 ± 11 years, 58.8% men) were included. Average FSCV, FSCD and NS values were 33.6% ± 21%, 20.6% ± 12% and 24.8% ± 18%, respectively. According to the UKPDS score, average risk of coronary disease and stroke were 22.1% ± 16% and 14.3% ± 19% respectively. Comparing the risks estimated by the different scores a significant correlation was found. The prevalence of CAP was 51%, in patients with the higher scores this prevalence was increased. ROC analysis showed a good discrimination power between subjects with or without CAP. Conclusion The cardiovascular risk estimated was high but heterogenic. The prevalence of CAP increased according to the strata of risk. Understanding the relationship between CAP and scores could improve the risk estimation in subjects with diabetes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000234 1588 downloads

Association between LDL-C, Non HDL-C, and Apolipoprotein B Levels with Coronary Plaque Regression
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Masson, Walter

; Siniawski, Daniel

; Lobo, Martín

; Molinero, Graciela

; Giorgi, Mariano

; Huerín, Melina

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Jul 2015, Volume 105 Nº 1 Páginas 11 - 19

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Fundamento:Estudos prévios sugerem uma relação linear entre o LDL-C e mudanças no volume de placa coronariana (VPC) medido por ultrassonografia intravascular. No entanto, estas publicações incluíram um número pequeno de estudos e não exploraram outros marcadores lipídicos.Objetivo:Avaliar a associação entre alterações nos marcadores lipídicos e regressão no VPC com base em dados publicados.Métodos:Nós coletamos dados dos braços controle, placebo e intervenção de estudos que compararam o efeito de tratamentos hipolipemiantes no VPC, e dos braços placebo e controle de estudos que testaram medicamentos que não afetam os lipídios. Os volumes inicial e final da placa, representados em mm3, foram extraídos e as alterações percentuais após as intervenções foram calculadas. Nós realizamos três análises de regressão linear e avaliamos a relação entre alterações percentuais e absolutas dos marcadores lipídicos com as variações percentuais do VPC.Resultados:Vinte e sete estudos foram selecionados. As correlações entre as variações percentuais do LDL-C, não- HDL-C e apolipoproteína B (ApoB) com variações percentuais do VPC foram moderadas (r = 0,48; r = 0,47; e r = 0,44, respectivamente). As correlações entre diferenças absolutas do LDL-C, não-HDL-C e ApoB com diferenças percentuais do VPC foram mais fortes (r = 0,57; r = 0,52; e r = 0,79). O modelo de regressão linear mostrou uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a redução nos marcadores lipídicos e regressão no volume da placa.Conclusão:Observamos uma associação significativa entre alterações de diferentes partículas aterogênicas e regressão do VPC. A redução absoluta da ApoB mostrou a correlação mais forte com a regressão da placa coronariana.

Background:Previous reports have inferred a linear relationship between LDL-C and changes in coronary plaque volume (CPV) measured by intravascular ultrasound. However, these publications included a small number of studies and did not explore other lipid markers.Objective:To assess the association between changes in lipid markers and regression of CPV using published data.Methods:We collected data from the control, placebo and intervention arms in studies that compared the effect of lipidlowering treatments on CPV, and from the placebo and control arms in studies that tested drugs that did not affect lipids. Baseline and final measurements of plaque volume, expressed in mm3, were extracted and the percentage changes after the interventions were calculated. Performing three linear regression analyses, we assessed the relationship between percentage and absolute changes in lipid markers and percentage variations in CPV.Results:Twenty-seven studies were selected. Correlations between percentage changes in LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and percentage changes in CPV were moderate (r = 0.48, r = 0.47, and r = 0.44, respectively). Correlations between absolute differences in LDL-C, non‑HDL-C, and ApoB with percentage differences in CPV were stronger (r = 0.57, r = 0.52, and r = 0.79). The linear regression model showed a statistically significant association between a reduction in lipid markers and regression of plaque volume.Conclusion:A significant association between changes in different atherogenic particles and regression of CPV was observed. The absolute reduction in ApoB showed the strongest correlation with coronary plaque regression.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20150050 2768 downloads

Respuesta a las estatinas en prevención cardiovascular: evaluación de los hiporrespondedores
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Masson, Walter

; Lobo, Martín

; Manente, Diego

; Vitagliano, Laura

; Rostán, María

; Siniawski, Daniel

; Huerin, Melina

; Giorgi, Mariano

Revista argentina de cardiología

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Fev 2014, Volume 82 Nº 1 Páginas 34 - 41

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction Numerous clinical trials have shown that statins reduce cardiovascular events, both in primary and secondary prevention. There is, however, considerable individual variation in the expected response for each dose and type of statin; therefore, detection of hypo-responder patients would allow considering additional hypolipidemic treatment. Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the response to statins in cardiovascular prevention patients and to analyze the characteristics of hyporesponder subjects. Methods Consecutive outpatients receiving statins were included. The treating physician defined the type and dose of statin used. The lipid profile was assessed at baseline and post-treatment (6-24 weeks). The distribution of LDL-C reduction for each type and dose of statin was analyzed and “low response” was defined according to two strategies: if the percent reduction was below the median or below the 25th percentile. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 446 patients (52% female, 25% diabetic, 80% primary prevention, age 58 ± 11 years) were included in the study. Mean LDL-C reduction was 27%, 38% and 43% for simvastatin 10, 20 and 40 mg, respectively, 36% and 43% for atorvastatin 10 and 20 mg, respectively, and 44% and 49% for rosuvastatin 10 and 20 mg, respectively. Hypores-ponsiveness defined by both strategies (median and 25th percentile) showed that male gender (OR 2.54 and 2.31), diabetes (OR 2.0 and 3.85), age (every 5 years, OR 0.87 and 0.83) and baseline LDL-C (every 10 mg/dL, OR 0.78 and 0.77) were independently associated with greater chance of being hypo-responder. Conclusions LDL-C reduction by different statins was similar to previous reports. Men, diabetics, younger subjects or with lower baseline LDL-C were more likely to show poor response to statins.

Introducción En numerosos ensayos clínicos se demostró que las estatinas reducen los eventos cardiovasculares, tanto en prevención primaria como secundaria. Sin embargo, existe una variación individual considerable en la respuesta esperada para cada dosis y tipo de estatina, por lo que detectar al paciente hiporrespondedor a las estatinas permitiría considerar un tratamiento hipolipemiante adicional. Objetivos Evaluar la respuesta a las estatinas en pacientes en prevención cardiovascular y analizar las características de los sujetos hiporrespondedores. Material y métodos Se incluyeron en forma consecutiva pacientes ambulatorios con indicación de estatinas. El médico tratante definía la estatina y la dosis utilizada. Se analizaron los valores basales y postratamiento (6-24 semanas) del perfil lipídico. Se analizó la distribución de la reducción del C-LDL para cada tipo y dosis de estatina y se definió “baja respuesta” según dos estrategias: si el porcentaje de reducción se encontraba por debajo de la mediana o por debajo del percentil 25. Se realizaron análisis univariados y multivariados. Resultados Se incluyeron 446 pacientes (52% mujeres, 25% diabéticos, 80% prevención primaria, edad 58 ± 11 años). La reducción del C-LDL promedio fue del 27%, 38% y 43% para simvastatina 10 mg, 20 mg y 40 mg, respectivamente, del 36% y 43% para atorvastatina 10 mg y 20 mg, respectivamente, y del 44% y 49% para rosuvastatina 10 mg y 20 mg, respectivamente. Definiendo hiporrespuesta por ambas estrategias (mediana y percentil 25), el sexo masculino (OR 2,54 y 2,31), la diabetes (OR 2,0 y 3,85), la edad (cada 5 años, OR 0,87 y 0,83) y el nivel basal de C-LDL (cada 10 mg/dl, OR 0,78 y 0,77) se asociaron independientemente con una chance mayor de ser hiporrespondedor. Conclusiones La reducción del C-LDL por las diferentes estatinas fue similar a lo previamente publicado. Los hombres, los diabéticos, los sujetos más jóvenes o con niveles basales más bajos de C-LDL tuvieron mayor probabilidad de mostrar baja respuesta a las estatinas.

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10.

¿Cuáles deberían ser las metas de apolipoproteína A1?: Análisis de una población saludable de la Argentina
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Masson, Walter M

; Siniawski, Daniel

; Sorrochr, Patricia

; Scordo, Walter

Revista argentina de cardiología

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Ago 2012, Volume 80 Nº 4 Páginas 304 - 308

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Which should be the goals of apolipoprotein A1? Analysis of a healthy population in Argentina Background Recent studies have demonstrated that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA) is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than HDLC. However, the definite goals of this new marker have not been clearly defined. Objective The objective of this study was to infer the goals of ApoA from a healthy population. Methods The distribution of ApoA and HDL-C in 304 blood donors was analyzed according to gender. ApoA goals were assumed using two strategies: 1) a simple linear regression model, and 2) percentile analyses. Results In the percentile analyses, ApoA levels of 126 and 147 mg/ dL corresponded to recommended goals for HDL-C in men and women, respectively. The linear regression model showed that 40 and 50 mg/dL HDL-C corresponded to 140 and 158 mg/dL ApoA in men and women, respectively. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that previously postulated ApoA goals should be reviewed in both genders.

Introducción Estudios recientes demostraron que el nivel de apolipoproteína A1 (ApoA) es un mejor predictor de riesgo cardiovascular que el C-HDL. Sin embargo, las metas definitivas de este nuevo marcador aún no se han definido claramente. Objetivo Inferir metas de ApoA analizando una población saludable. Material y métodos Se analizó la distribución de ApoA y C-HDL en 304 donantes de sangre según el sexo. Se infirieron metas de ApoA mediante dos estrategias: 1) un modelo de regresión lineal y 2) análisis de percentiles. Resultados En el análisis de percentiles, valores de ApoA de 126 y 147 mg/dl se correspondieron con metas recomendadas de C-HDL en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. El modelo de regresión lineal mostró que 40 y 50 mg/dl de C-HDL se correspondieron con 140 y 158 mg/dl de ApoA en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. Conclusión Los hallazgos del presente estudio sugieren que los valores propuestos previamente como metas de ApoA en ambos sexos deberían revisarse.

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11.

Función de Framingham a 30 años basada en el índice de masa corporal: Utilidad en la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular y en el diagnóstico de placa aterosclerótica carotídea
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Masson, Walter

; Siniawski, Daniel L

; Krauss, Juan

; Cagide, Arturo

Revista argentina de cardiología

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Dez 2011, Volume 79 Nº 6 Páginas 515 - 520

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background The traditional Framingham 10-year risk score (FS10) underestimates cardiovascular risk in certain populations. Extending its time-scale to 30 years and assessing its relationship with the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) may improve risk stratification. Objectives 1) To determine the percentage of patients previously classified with the FS10 who were reclassified when using Framingham 30-year risk score based on body mass index (FS30I); 2) to evaluate the consistency between both methods of classification; 3) to analyze the prevalence of CAP stratified by the FS30I; and 4) to determine the diagnostic potential of the FS30I to detect CAP. Material and Methods A carotid Doppler ultrasound study was performed and the FS10 and FS30I for "hard" cardiovascular events were calculated in a population of primary prevention patients. The prevalence of CAP was determined. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and the consistency between both methods of classification were evaluated. Results A total of 410 subjects were included (age 48±11 years, 54% were men, 79% had low risk according to the FS10). The FS30I reclassified 64% of the total population and 66% of the low-risk subgroup. The prevalence of CAP was 28% and was gradually associated with the risk category. The area under the curve and optimal cutoff points of the FS30I to detect CAP were 0.862 and 21%, respectively. The consistency between FS10 and FS30I was low (kappa 0.15). Conclusion The 30-year score reclassified a large number of patients and discriminated between those with or without evidence of carotid plaques.

Introducción La función o puntaje de Framingham tradicional a 10 años (PF10) subestima el riesgo cardiovascular en ciertas poblaciones. Extender el horizonte temporal a 30 años y evaluar la relación con la presencia de placas ateroscleróticas carotídeas (PAC) podría mejorar la estratificación del riesgo. Objetivos 1) Determinar qué porcentaje de pacientes analizados con el PF10 se reclasifican con la aplicación del puntaje de Framingham a 30 años basado en el índice de masa corporal (PF30I). 2) Evaluar la concordancia entre los dos métodos de clasificación. 3) Analizar la prevalencia de PAC en una población estratificada por el PF30I. 4) Determinar la capacidad diagnóstica del PF30I para detectar PAC. Material y métodos Se realizó un eco-Doppler carotídeo y se calcularon el PF10 y el PF30I para eventos cardiovasculares "duros" en una población de pacientes en prevención primaria. Se determinó la prevalencia de PAC. Se realizó un análisis ROC y se evaluó la concordancia entre los dos métodos de clasificación. Resultados Se incluyeron 410 sujetos (edad 48 ± 11 años, 54% hombres, 79% de riesgo bajo según el PF10). El PF30I reclasificó al 64% de la población total y al 66% del subgrupo de riesgo bajo. La prevalencia de PAC fue del 28% y se asoció en forma gradual con la categoría de riesgo. El área bajo la curva y el punto de corte óptimo del PF30I para detectar PAC fueron 0,832 y 21%, respectivamente. La concordancia entre el PF10 y el PF30I fue baja (kappa 0,15). Conclusión El puntaje a 30 años reclasificó a un gran número de pacientes y discriminó entre sujetos con o sin evidencia de placas carotídeas.

814 downloads Citado 2 vezes em SciELO

12.

Correlación entre las razones apolipoproteína B/apolipoproteína A1 y colesterol total/colesterol-HDL en una población saludable: ¿debería actualizarse el índice de Castelli?
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Siniawski, Daniel A

; Mason, Walter

; Sorroche, Patricia

; Casañas, Liliana

; Kraus, Juan

; Cagide, Arturo

Revista argentina de cardiología

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Fev 2011, Volume 79 Nº 1

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background The total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (TC/HDLr) was proposed as coronary risk marker about 25 years ago by Dr. William Castelli, and the target suggested was <4.5. The INTERHEART study showed that the ApoB/ApoA ratio is a superior predictor of cardiovascular events than TC/HDLr. Many laboratories in our country do not have the technology to measure apolipoproteins accurately. Objectives To determine TC/HDL-Cr values or Castelli Index (CI) corresponding to the decile 1 of the ApoB/ApoAr (0.43, odds ratio 1) of the INTERHEART study; to identify optimal cut-off point (OCP) of the CI to differentiate between subjects with a ApoB/ApoAr ≤0.43 and >0.43; and to propose an updated CI target. Material and Methods Apolipoproteins were measured by immuno-nephelometry in samples from blood donors. Simple linear regression models were made to analyze the relationship between the ApoB/ApoA and TC/HDL ratios. A ROC analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of the CI, to distinguish between subjects with ApoB/ApoAr ≤ ç0.43 or > ç0.43. Subjects with hypertension, vascular disease, diabetes, or on lipid-lowering therapy were excluded. Results A total of 283 subjects, 64% men, 31% smokers, were included. General characteristics (mean ± SD): age 41.8±14 years, BMI 26.2±4, TC 199.5±48 mg/dl, HDL 49±13 mg/dl, CI 4.31±1.3, ApoB 95.2±28 mg/dl, ApoA 157.4±32 mg/dl, ApoB/ApoAr 0.62±0.21. In the total population, correlation between ApoB/ApoAr and CI was 0.90, and the ApoB/ApoAr of 0.43 corresponded to a CI of 3.22. The area below the ROC curve of the CI to distinguish between subjects with ApoB/ApoAr ≤0.43 and >0.43 was 0.936 (CI 95% 0.897-0.975), and OCP was 3.238. Conclusion These results suggest that the CI target should be reviewed and updated to <3.25.

Introducción La razón colesterol total/colesterol-HDL (rCT/HDL) fue propuesta como marcador de riesgo coronario hace aproximadamente 25 años por el Dr. William Castelli y la meta sugerida fue < 4,5. El estudio INTERHEART demostró que la rApoB/ApoA es un predictor de eventos cardiovasculares superior a la rCT/HDL. Muchos laboratorios de nuestro país no disponen de la tecnología para medir apolipoproteínas con precisión. Objetivos Determinar valores de rCT/C-HDL o índice de Castelli (IC) correspondientes al decil 1 de la rApoB/ApoA (0,43, odds ratio 1) del estudio INTERHEART, identificar el punto de corte óptimo (PCO) del IC que discrimine entre sujetos con una rApoB/ApoA ≤ 0,43 y > 0,43 y proponer una meta actualizada del IC. Material y métodos Los niveles de apolipoproteínas se midieron por inmunonefelometría en muestras obtenidas de donantes de sangre. Se confeccionaron modelos de regresión lineal simple para examinar la relación entre las razones ApoB/ApoA y CT/HDL. Se efectuó un análisis ROC para evaluar la precisión del IC para discriminar entre sujetos con rApoB/ApoA ≤ 0,43 y > 0,43. Los sujetos con hipertensión, enfermedad vascular, diabetes o tratados con hipolipemiantes fueron excluidos. Resultados Se incluyeron 283 sujetos, 64% hombres, 31% fumadores. Características generales (media ± DE): edad 41,8 ± 14 años, IMC 26,2 ± 4, CT 199,5 ± 48 mg/dl, HDL 49 ± 13 mg/dl, IC 4,31 ± 1,3, ApoB 95,2 ± 28 mg/dl, ApoA 157,4 ± 32 mg/dl, rApoB/ApoA 0,62 ± 0,21. En la población total, la correlación entre la rApoB/ApoA y el IC fue de 0,90 y la rApoB/ApoA de 0,43 correspondió a un IC de 3,22. El área bajo la curva ROC del IC para discriminar entre sujetos con una rApoB/ApoA ≤ 0,43 y > 0,43 fue de 0,936 (IC 95% 0,897-0,975) y el PCO fue de 3,238. Conclusión Estos resultados sugieren que la meta del IC se debería revisar y actualizar a < 3,25.

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13.

Variación del perfil lipídico durante los primeros días de la internación en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo
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Siniawski, Daniel

; Masson, Walter

; Navarro Estrada, José L.

; Giacomini, Mauro

; Jaimovich, Guillermmo

; Parcerisa, Florencia

; De Stefano, Luciano

; Sorroche, Patricia

; Casañas, Liliana

; Krauss, Juan

; Cagide, Arturo

Revista argentina de cardiología

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- Sobre o periódico
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Jun 2010, Volume 78 Nº 3 Páginas 238 - 244

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background Controversy exists regarding the temporal changes in lipid levels after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In our country, there is limited information about the basal characteristics of the lipid profile and the variability of its components after an ACS, and it does not include direct measuring of LDL-C or apolipoproteins. Objectives 1) To analyze the changes in lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in a group of patients hospitalized with ACS, and 2) to describe the basal lipid profile and compare it with that of a healthy population. Material and Methods Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoB and ApoA were measured at admission, 18 hours and 42 hours in patients hospitalized with ACS. None of the participants were taking lipid-lowering drugs or received them within 48 hours after hospitalization. Results A total of 31 patients were included (mean age 61 years, 87% were men, 51% with Q-wave AMI, 19% with non Q- wave AMI and 30% with unstable angina). Plasma levels of TC, non HDL-C and LDL-C presented a significant reduction during hospitalization (mean ± standard deviation at admission, 18 hours and 42 hours, p value): TC (218±53, 206±40 and 194±41; p=0,005), non HDL-C (180±54, 169.8±40 and 157.6±39; p=0,01), LDL-C (136±30, 134±33 and 127±37; p=0.01). ApoB and HDL-C levels did not change in a significant fashion. Baseline ApoA levels corresponded to the 5th percentile of a healthy population and there was an early and significant reduction during hospitalization (115±21, 108±18 and 106±3; p=0,01). Conclusions In patients with ACS basal lipid profile should be evaluated at the moment of hospitalization. ApoB levels remained stable and might be used to select the therapeutic strategy. Reverse cholesterol transport was affected in more than 50% of the population.

Introducción Existen controversias sobre las variaciones temporales en los niveles lipídicos luego de un síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). En nuestro país, la información sobre las características del perfil lipídico basal y la variabilidad de sus componentes luego de un SCA es limitada y no incluye la medición directa de C-LDL ni de apolipoproteínas. Objetivos 1) Analizar las variaciones en los niveles de lipoproteínas y apolipoproteínas en un grupo de pacientes internados por SCA y 2) describir el perfil lipídico basal y compararlo con el de una población saludable. Material y métodos Se midieron los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos, C-LDL, C-HDL, ApoB y ApoA al ingreso, a las 18 h y a las 42 h en pacientes internados por SCA. Ningún paciente recibía fármacos hipolipemiantes ni fue tratado con ellos durante las primeras 48 h de la internación. Resultados Se incluyeron 31 pacientes (edad media 61 años, 87% hombres, IAM con onda Q 51%, IAM no Q 19% y angina inestable 30%). Las concentraciones de CT, C-noHDL y C-LDL se redujeron significativamente durante la internación (media ± desviación estándar de la admisión, 18 h y 42 h, valor de p): CT (218 ± 53, 206 ± 40 y 194 ± 41; p = 0,005), C-noHDL (180± 54, 169,8 ± 40 y 157,6 ± 39; p = 0,01), C-LDL (136 ± 30, 134 ± 33 y 127 ± 37; p = 0,01). Los niveles de ApoB y de C-HDL no variaron en forma significativa. El nivel basal de ApoA correspondió al percentil 5 de una población saludable y se observó un descenso precoz y significativo durante la internación (115 ± 21, 108 ± 18 y 106 ± 3; p = 0,01). Conclusiones La admisión es el momento más adecuado para evaluar el perfil lipídico basal del paciente con SCA. Los niveles de ApoB se mantuvieron estables y podrían utilizarse como alternativa para seleccionar la estrategia terapéutica. El transporte reverso del colesterol estaba afectado en más del 50% de la población.

703 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

14.

Niveles plasmáticos de apolipoproteínas en una población saludable de la Argentina: implicaciones en prevención cardiovascular
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Siniawski, Daniel

; Masson, Walter

; Bluro, Ignacio

; Sorroche, Patricia

; Scordo, Walter

; Krauss, Juan

; Cagide, Arturo

Revista argentina de cardiología

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Abr 2010, Volume 78 Nº 2 Páginas 123 - 128

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background Epidemiological and intervention studies demonstrated that plasma levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and ApoB/A-1 ratio are independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. Yet, updated regional information regarding biomarkers distribution, reference values and goals is not available. Objectives 1) To describe the distribution of ApoB, ApoA-1, and ApoB/ A-1 ratio in a healthy population of Argentina. 2) To analyze the influence of gender, age, body weight and smoking habits. 3) To infer ApoB goals that can be applied to our population. Material and Methods We analyzed the distribution of apolipoproteins in blood donors according to the variables described using univariate and multivariate analyses. The preestablished percentiles of LDL-C were compared to those corresponding to ApoB. Results The concentration of apolipoproteins was measured in 463 subjects and conventional lipid profile was determined in 263. Compared to women, men had an average ApoB level 9.3 mg/dl higher (95% CI 4.08-14.52), ApoA-1 level 22.23 mg/dl lower (95% CI 15.98-28.45) and ApoB/A-1 ratio 0.25 higher (95% CI 0.11-0.19). ApoB levels increased 5.6 mg/dl (95% CI 3.79-7.46) and ApoB/A-1 ratio increased 0.03 (0.02-0.05) every 10 years of age. Overweight increased ApoB levels 7.9 mg/dl (95% CI 2.88-12.83) and ApoB/A-1 ratio increased 0.07 (95% CI 0.04-0.11). Percentiles 20 and 80 of LDL-C corresponded to values closer to the recommended goals in high and low coronary risk subjects, <100 and <160 mg/dl respectively. The corresponding levels of ApoB were 72 and 117 mg/dl. Conclusions Gender, age and body weight affected apolipoproteins levels. These findings might be related to the greatest cardiovascular risk observed in certain sub-populations. Our results suggest that current ApoB goals should be reviewed.

Introducción Estudios epidemiológicos y de intervención demostraron que el nivel de apolipoproteína B (ApoB), de apolipoproteína A1 (ApoA1) y la relación entre ambas son predictores independientes de riesgo cardiovascular. No disponemos de datos regionales actualizados sobre la distribución, los valores de referencia y las metas de estos biomarcadores. Objetivos 1) Describir la distribución de ApoB, de ApoA1 y de la razón ApoB/ApoA1 (rApoB/ApoA1) en una población saludable de nuestro país. 2) Analizar la influencia del sexo, la edad, el peso corporal y el tabaquismo. 3) Inferir metas de ApoB aplicables a nuestra población. Material y métodos Se analizó la distribución de apolipoproteínas en donantes de sangre, según las variables descriptas. Se efectuaron análisis estadísticos univariados y multivariados. Se compararon percentiles preestablecidos de C-LDL con los correspondientes de ApoB. Resultados En 463 sujetos se midió la concentración de apolipoproteínas y en 263, el perfil lipídico convencional. Los hombres con respecto a las mujeres presentaron en promedio un nivel 9,3 mg/dl (IC 95% 4,08-14,52) mayor de ApoB, 22,23 mg/dl menor de ApoA1 (IC 95% 15,98-28,45) y una rApoB/ApoA1 0,15 (IC 95% 0,11-0,19) más elevada. Cada 10 años de edad, el nivel de ApoB aumentó 5,6 mg/dl (IC 95% 3,79-7,46) y 0,03 (0,02-0,05) la rApoB/ApoA1. Tener sobrepeso incrementó 7,9 mg/dl los niveles de ApoB (IC 95% 2,88-12,83) y 0,07 la rApoB/ApoA1 (IC 95% 0,04-0,11). Los percentiles 20 y 80 de C-LDL correspondieron a los valores más próximos a las metas recomendadas en sujetos con riesgo coronario elevado y bajo, < 100 y < 160 mg/dl, respectivamente. Los niveles de ApoB correspondientes a dichos percentiles fueron 72 y 117 mg/dl. Conclusiones El sexo, la edad y el peso corporal influyeron sobre los niveles de apolipoproteínas. Estos hallazgos podrían estar relacionados con el mayor riesgo cardiovascular observado en algunas subpoblaciones. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de revisar las metas actuales de ApoB.

831 downloads Citado 7 vezes em SciELO

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